The effectiveness of water sprays to absorb HF releases has been recently demonstrated by extended laboratory and field tests. In this paper computer simulations are presented of the Hawk, Nevada Test Site, series of field tests, along with parametric studies of several cases which have not been studied in the field. The model used in these simulations, HFSPRAY, treats the gas-phase as an Eulerean fluid whereas the spray is described according to the Lagrangian approach by a finite number of drops of varying size and trajectory. HFSPRAY simulates the momentum, mass and energy interactions between a water spray and a turbulent plume of HF in air; it is capable of predicting the flow velocities, temperature, water vapor and HF concentration fields in two-dimensional large-geometries, for spraying in any direction, (i.e., down-flow, inclined-down-flow, up-flow, and co-current horizontal flow). 15 refs., 21 figs.

The design of the heavy-ion beam and the HYLIFE-II reactor chamber interface must provide final focusing quadruple triplets, neutron shielding, fast shutters, vapor condensation and pumping, thermal insulation, and blast resistant structures. The smallest half angle encompassing all beams striking the target might be {plus minus}14{degrees} for an array of 4 {times} 4 beams or {plus minus}9{degrees} if the four corner beams are eliminated, giving a 12-beam array. The target gain drops considerably from the 0{degree} published values because of this finite angle. The assumed one-sided irradiation reduces the number of bending magnets. A 350-MJ yield might be achieved with a 6-MJ driver (gain of 58) (nominal 1000 MWe net power with a repetition rate of 8 Hz). For either lower repetition rate or lower gain the yield must be increased by increasing the driver energy. The beam ports are protected from radiation by an array of vertical and horizontal, neutronically-thick, liquid jets. 6 refs., 7 figs.

The HYLIFE-2 inertial fusion power plant design study uses a liquid fall, in the form of jets to protect the first structural wall from neutron damage, x rays, and blast to provide a 30-y lifetime. HYLIFE-1 used liquid lithium. HYLIFE 2 avoids the fire hazard of lithium by using a molten salt composed of fluorine, lithium, and beryllium (Li{sub 2}BeF{sub 4}) called Flibe. Access for heavy-ion beams is provided. Calculations for assumed heavy-ion beam performance show a nominal gain of 70 at 5 MJ producing 350 MJ, about 5.2 times less yield than the 1.8 GJ from a driver energy of 4.5 MJ with gain of 400 for HYLIFE-1. The nominal 1 GWe of power can be maintained by increasing the repetition rate by a factor of about 5.2, from 1.5 to 8 Hz. A higher repetition rate requires faster re-establishment of the jets after a shot, which can be accomplished in part by decreasing the jet fall height and increasing the jet flow velocity. Multiple chambers may be required. In addition, although not considered for HYLIFE-1, there is undoubtedly liquid splash that must be forcibly cleared because gravity is too slow, especially at high repetition rates. Splash removal can …

Oscillating liquid flow in a falling molten salt inertial confinement fusion reactor is predicted to rapidly clear driver beam paths of residual liquid droplets. Oscillating flow will also provide adequate neutron and x-ray protection for the reactor structure with a short (2-m) fall distance permitting an 8 Hz repetition rate. A reactor chamber configuration is presented with specific features to clear the entire heavy-ion beam path of splashed molten salt. The structural components, including the structure between beam ports, are shielded. 3 refs., 12 figs.

The HYLIFE-2 inertial fusion power plant design study uses a liquid fall, in the form of jets to protect the first structural wall from neutron damage, x rays, and blast to provide a 30-y lifetime. HYLIFE-1 used liquid lithium. HYLIFE 2 avoids the fire hazard of lithium by using a molten salt composed of fluorine, lithium, and beryllium (Li{sub 2}BeF{sub 4}) called Flibe. Access for heavy-ion beams is provided. Calculations for assumed heavy-ion beam performance show a nominal gain of 70 at 5 MJ producing 350 MJ, about 5.2 times less yield than the 1.8 GJ from a driver energy of 4.5 MJ with gain of 400 for HYLIFE-1. The nominal 1 GWe of power can be maintained by increasing the repetition rate by a factor of about 5.2, from 1.5 to 8 Hz. A higher repetition rate requires faster re-establishment of the jets after a shot, which can be accomplished in part by decreasing the jet fall height and increasing the jet flow velocity. Multiple chambers may be required. In addition, although not considered for HYLIFE-1, there is undoubtedly liquid splash that must be forcibly cleared because gravity is too slow, especially at high repetition rates. Splash removal can …

We discuss amplitudes for elastic nucleon-nucleon scattering at high energy. The helicity-conserving amplitudes are modeled using a combination of the quark-interchange and the Landshoff mechanisms of perturbative QCD. The relative normalization of these two sets of amplitudes involves a leading order form factor'' which we determine empirically. Our theoretically motivated amplitudes provide an economical description of a large body of existing data and make nontrivial predictions for spin observables. 8 refs., 4 figs.

The present status of hadron collider physics is reviewed. The total cross section for {bar p} + p has been measured at 1.8 TeV: {sigma}{sub tot} = 72.1 {plus minus} 3.3 mb. New data confirm the UA2 observation of W/Z {yields} {bar q}q. Precision measurements of M{sub W} by UA2 and CDF give an average value M{sub W} = 80.13 {plus minus} 0.30 GeV/c{sup 2}. When combined with measurements of M{sub Z} from LEP and SLC this number gives sin{sup 2}{theta}{sub W} = 0.227 {plus minus} 0.006, or m{sub top} = 130{sub {minus}60}{sup +40} GeV/c{sup 2} from the EWK radiative correction term {Delta}r. Evidence for hadron colliders as practical sources of b quarks has been strengthened, while searches for t quarks have pushed the mass above M{sub W}: m{sub top} > 89 GeV/c{sup 2} 95% cl (CDF Preliminary). Searches beyond the standard model based on the missing E{sub T} signature have not yet produced any positive results. Future prospects for the discovery of the top quark in the range m{sub top} < 200 GeV/c{sup 2} look promising. 80 refs., 35 figs., 7 tabs.

We wish to describe a method for formulating, on the lattice, field theories that contain Dirac particles with chiral couplings to gauge fields. As is well-known, the most straight-forward lattice transcription of the continuum action for a Dirac particle leads to the doubling problem: for every particle of a given chirality in the continuum theory, there appear on the lattice, in d dimensions, 2{sup d} particles, with equal numbers of particles of left- and right-handed chirality. No-go theorems, state that it is impossible to eliminate the doubling problem and still maintain an exact chiral gauge symmetry. Rather than follow an approach that attempts to circumvent the no-go theorems we, instead, explore the possibility of abandoning exact chiral symmetry.

It is becoming clearer with time that non-locality of the nucleon-nucleon interaction can play a significant role in nuclear properties. In this talk we review evidence for such non-locality. Then, using a Gaussian interaction, we discuss the effect of non-locality on two body matrix elements in the nuclear shell model. Finally, we mention some applications. For example, non-locality leads to faster convergence of off-diagonal matrix elements.

A 250-GHz Cyclotron Auto Resonance Maser (CARM) oscillator has been designed and constructed and will be tested using a 1-kA, 2-MeV electron beam produced by the induction linac at the Accelerator Research Center (ARC) facility of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The oscillator circuit was made to operate in the TE{sub 11} mode at ten times cutoff using waveguide Bragg reflectors to create an external cavity Q of 8000. Theory predicts cavity fill times of less than 30 ns (pulse length) and efficiencies approaching 20% is sufficiently low transverse electron velocity spreads are maintained (2%).

This report discusses: fundamentals of perturbative QCD; QCD in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} {yields} hadrons; deep inelastic scattering and parton distributions; the QCD parton model in hadron-hadron collisions; large p{sub T} jet production in hadron-hadron collisions; the production of vector bosons in hadronic collisions; and the production of heavy quarks.

National laboratories have limited resources to devote to the transfer of government-funded technologies to the commercial sector. Companies, too, face resource constraints in their attempt to identify and assimilate innovations which fit with their strategic objectives. For these reasons, persons engaged in technology transfer should attempt to identify laboratory developments which represent the best possible match with industry needs and focus their attention on those technologies which are most likely to make and impact in the marketplace. In a structured approach designed to meet this objective, Martin Marietta Energy Systems, which operates Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Department of Energy, has established formal ties with the University of Tennessee Business School, to enhance the role of marketing for technology transfer. The school's MBA students continue to play a key role in the formulation and execution of plans designed to transform Oak Ridge technologies into new products, new jobs, and economic prosperity for US companies.

This paper discusses lattice automata models for earthquakes and frictional sliding. (JEF)

This paper discusses work being conducted in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics where theory and experiment go hand in hand. Pion capture, proton-antiproton interactions, kaon-pion interactions and hypernuclei decay are discussed as examples. (LSP)

We discuss the role played by right-handed sterile neutrinos in the early universe. We show how well known {sup 4}He constraint on the number of relativistic degrees of freedom at early times limits the equilibration of the right handed neutrino sea with the background plasma. We discuss how this allows interesting constraints to be placed on neutrino properties. In particular, a new limit on the Dirac mass of the neutrino is presented. 12 refs.

Planning for quality assurance (QA) in research and development (R D) is like stealing eggs without waking up the chickens. The QA program should be as unobtrusive as possible. Researchers require a QA program that affords them an environment capable of supporting repeatable experiments with accurate data without unduly stifling their creative abilities. Careful advance planning ensures that the intensity of control provided by quality-related systems is commensurate with the importance and scope of the activities being performed. Good scientific practices applied to small bench-scale projects may require minimal additional controls. As projects increase in size and complexity the controls imposed through planning must, by necessity, be increased. Research and development QA planning, just like any other planning, involves all affected individuals. The application of control systems is determined by factors such as customer or sponsor requirements, the importance of an item or activity to the experiment's success, and the organizational complexity of the project. Many larger experiments are highly dependent on quality-related support activities such as calibration, engineering design, and inspection provided by organizations outside the R D group. Since, in most cases, the expense of support activities is taken directly from funds available for research, it is important …