The physics of the hadron-hadron collider experiment is considered from an experimental point of view. The problems encountered in determination of how well the standard model describes collider results are discussed. 53 refs., 58 figs.

AMAX Research Development Center (AMAX R D) has been investigating methods for enhancing the reactivity and durability of the zinc ferrite desulfurization sorbent. Zinc ferrite sorbents are intended for use in desulfurization of hot coal gas in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) applications. For the present program, the reactivity of the sorbent may be defined as its sulfur sorption capacity at the breakthrough point and at saturation in a bench-scale, fixed-bed reactor. Durability may be defined as the ability of the sorbent to maintain important physical characteristics such As size, strength, and specific surface area during 10 cycles of sulfidation and oxidation.

Transverse energy distributions have been measured for collisions of 10 GeVnucleon Si with targets of Al, Cu and Pb using a combination of a NaI wall and a uranium based sampling calorimeter. The measured cross sections d..sigma..dE/sub T/ and dE/sub T/d)eta are consistent with full stopping and an increase, with increasing values of E/sub T/, of energy flow into large angles. 4 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs

New platinum-coated grazing incidence mirrors with low surface roughnesses have been developed to focus bending magnet radiation from the SSRL/SLAC SPEAR storage ring on the entrance slits of two Beam Line VIII grating monochromators. The first mirror in the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) branch is a cooled SiC cylinder capable of absorbing synchrotron radiation power levels of up to 260 watts without excessive distortion. This mirror deflects the beam vertically through a 12/degree/ angle and focuses it sagitally on the TGM entrance slit plane. The second TGM optical element is a fused-silica spherical mirror with a large radius of curvature that deflects the beam vertically through an additional 12/degree/ and focuses it tangentially with 3/1 demagnification. The first mirror in our spherical grating branch is a 5/degree/-vertically deflecting, cooled SiC toroid designed to focus tangentially on the monochromator entrance slits and sagitally in the exit slits. A 4/degree/-deflecting fused silica mirror is used after the exit sites in each beam line to refocus on to the sample. For this application a thin cylinder is bent to approximate an ellipsoid. The mirrors are now installed at SSRL and performance measurements are planned. Qualitatively the focus of the TGM optics at the …

Problems of technological interest can very often be described by partial differential equations (PDEs) with one dependent and two independent variables (call them c, z, and t, respectively). Many such PDEs are invariant to one-parameter families of one-parameter affine groups. Similarity solutions are solutions of the PDE that are invariant to one group of the family. The great utility of similarity solutions is that they may be calculated by solving an ODE rather than a PDE and are thus much more easily accessible than other solutions. The form of the principal ODE depends, of course, on the form of the PDE, but it can be proved quite generally that the principal ODE is itself invarient to the one-parameter affine group or associated group. because of the invariance of the principal ODE to the associated group, the dependence on the boundary and initial conditions of certain special values of the function y(x), e.g., y(O), y(infinity), y(O), ets., may be predicted a priori without solving the principal ODE. The nonlinear PDE of heat transport in superfluid He-II, is used as an illustration of these ideas in this review.

Central features of a mirror plasma are strong departures from Maxwellian distribution functions, ambipolar potentials and densities which vary along a field line, and losses, and the mirror field itself. To examine these features, mirror theorists have developed analytical and numerical techniques to solve the Fokker-Planck equation, evaluate the potentials consistent with the resulting distribution functions, and assess the microstability of these distributions. Various combinations of mirror-plasma fetures are present and important in toroidal plasmas as well, particularly in the edge region and in plasmas with strong r.f. heating. In this paper we survey problems in toroidal plasmas where mirror theory and computational techniques are applicable, and discuss in more detail three specific examples: calculation of the toroidal generalization of the Spitzer-Haerm distribution function (from which trapped-particle effects on current drive can be calculated), evaluation of the nonuniform potential and density set up by pulsed electron-cyclotron heating, and calculation of steady-state distribution functions in the presence of strong r.f. heating and collisions. 37 refs., 3 figs.

Two-phase flow exists in many shell-and-tube heat exchangers and power generation components. The flowing fluid is a source of energy that can induce small-amplitude subcritical oscillations and large-amplitude dynamic instabilities. In fact, many practical system components have experienced excessive flow-induced vibrations. To prevent unacceptable flow-induced vibration, we must understand excitation mechanisms, develop analytical and experimental techniques, and provide reliable design guidelines. Thus, we are conducting a comprehensive program to study structural vibration in components subjected to two-phase flow. This report reviews the current understanding of vibration of circular cylinders in quiescent fluid, cross-flow, and axial flow, with emphasis on excitation mechanisms, mathematical models, and available experimental data. A unified theory is presented for cylinders oscillating under different flow conditions. Based on the theory, future research needs are outlined.

The literature on parameterizations of cloud microphysical processes was reviewed to examine the theoretical bases of those parameterizations and to evaluate their applicability to regional models. New parameterizations were produced by multiple regression upon the solution fields derived from simulations of a cloud model incorporating sophisticated microphysics. The currently available rates for cloud microphysical interactions were generally derived under the assumption that the size distribution functions for various hydrometeors are given. Such parameterizations must therefore be applied with caution because the spectral evolution of various types of hydrometeors in reality varies significantly during the stages of cloud development. Uncertainties exist in assigning values for aerodynamic properties such as the bulk collection efficiency, and the growth processes for various types of ice crystals are not well enough known for accurate multiphase cloud-microphysics parameterizations. The new parameterizations, in general, compare favorably with those currently available and are more efficient and applicable to regional models. The largest discrepancies occur in the autoconversion rates, whereas the accretion rates agree closely when the assumed collection efficiencies in other formulas are smaller than unity.

Weight losses of marble and limestone samples exposed to outdoor environments at field sites in the eastern United States have been monitored in studies initiated in 1984. The procedures are described, and the results are tabulated and discussed. A rate of marble loss approximately equivalent to 16 micrometers of surface recession per year was found in North Carolina, and losses of this order were also observed in New Jersey, New York, and Washington, DC. Limestone weight losses were much higher than for marble in the first year; loss of extraneous materials from the porous limestone appeared to be a likely contributor to the overall loss. The rate of limestone loss diminished in the second year, though it continued to be higher than for marble. Exposures are continuing in a planned 10-yr program of tests.

Report of activities of the Argonne Physics Division, including medium-energy physics research, ATLAS research, theoretical nuclear physics, superconducting LINAC development, and accelerator operations.

The application of microwave energy for in-container solidification of simulated transuranic contaminated precipitation sludges has been tested. Results indicate volume reductions to 83% are achievable by the continuous feeding of pre-dried sludge into a waste container while applying microwave energy. An economic evaluation was completed showing achievable volume and weight reductions to 87% compared with a current immobilization process for wet sludge. 7 refs., 15 figs., 16 tabs.

The monopole strength, MS, within a single set of nuclear shape excitations is compared with the MS between different shapes. After misconceptions are pointed out concerning the spin dependence of B(E2) values, MS properties are juxtaposed with gamma-ray and beta-decay properties of /sup 70/Se, /sup 96/Zr, /sup 102/Pd, and the N = 60 isotones to illustrate the utility of combined investigations and evidence is given for the observation of a two-phonon octupole multiplet. Finally, consideration is given to the dominance of the /sup 3/S/sub 1/ force in producing deformation in the N > 50 1g nuclei. 23 refs., 4 figs.

This report deals with the feasibility of reducing the amount of char on a barrier filter by in-place gasification. Compared to the very rapid pyrolysis step, the gasification of char on a filter requires substantial time under conditions that favor the gasification reactions. Three categories of information were of greatest interest: (1) The origin, characteristics and properties of the char. (2) The conditions under which the char was gasified and the rates and extents of the gasification reactions. (3) Any interpretation or mathematical modelling of the experimental results. 74 refs., 10 tabs.

In July 1985, Champion International completed a study of kraft black liquor gasification and use of the product gases in a combined cycle cogeneration system based on gas turbines. That study indicated that gasification had high potential as an alternative to recovery boiler technology and offered many advantages. This paper describes the design of the plant, the construction of the pilot plant, and finally presents data from operation of the plant.

Results are presented from Fermilab E-400 on the production of charmed baryons and mesons using incident neutrons. We show evidence for the charm-strange baryon, ..xi../sub c//sup +/, and present our measurements of its mass, width, lifetime, cross section and relative branching fractions, and the A, x/sub f/, p/sub t/, and particle/antiparticle dependence of the state. We show evidence for both the ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ and ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/, and present measurements of three mass differences, ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ - ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/, ..sigma../sub c//sup 0/ - ..lambda../sub c//sup +/, and ..sigma../sub c//sup + +/ - ..lambda../sub c//sup +/. Preliminary results on the ratio of two decay modes of the D/sup 0/ are shown. D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sup +/K/sup -/ and D/sup 0/ ..-->.. K/sub 0/ anti K/sub 0/. The latter mode has not been previously observed. 8 refs., 10 figs.

The distortion of beam profiles and skewing of beam energy observed in transmission of ultrasound into a transversely isotropic medium can lead to erroneous interpretations of NDE data for materials such as columnar-grain steels and fiber-reinforced composites. In this paper, results are presentd for the numerical evaluation of the exact Fourier integral representation of transmission of an arbitrary incident field from an isotropic into a transversely isotropic half-space. The problem is fully three-dimensional, i.e., the symmetry axis of the transversely isotropic material is oriented arbitrarily relative to the half-space boundary and angles of incidence. The cases chosen for numerical study were selected from previously unexplained experimental data obtained from the study of propagation in columnar grain steels (welds), and from situations commonly encountered during the inspection of fiber-reinforced composites. Experimental results which give evidence to the numerically observed phenomena are presented. 11 refs., 4 figs.

Primary E1 transitions due to thermal neutron capture by the nuclides /sup 9/Be, /sup 32,34/S, /sup 40,42,44,46,48/Ca, and /sup 58/Ni are quantitatively interpreted by the Lane-Lynn formula and are compared with recent optical model calculations. The two approaches are equivalent provided the internal region of the nucleus is excluded in the optical model approach. Theoretical justifications for such a procedure are briefly presented. 32 refs., 4 tabs.

This report involves the actions of closing the 643-G burial ground which involves waste removal, stabilization, and capping. Remedial action involves the removing of the transuranic waste and closing of the grid wells. The closure cap for the burial site will consist of native soil, clay, and gravel. This will assure long-term physical and chemical stability. (MB)

Corrosion data are presented for several vanadium alloys exposed to flowing lithium at 427, 482, and 538/sup 0/C. The corrosion behavior is evaluated by weight change measurements. Metallographic results and data on the nonmetallic element transfer in lithium-exposed specimens are also presented. The influence of alloy composition and exposure conditions on the corrosion behavior of vanadium alloys is discussed. 6 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.

The Heavy Ion Transfer Line used to inject heavy ions created at the Tandem Van de Graaff into the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) is briefly discussed, particularly as regards its control system. (LEW)

Piping in light water reactor (LWR) power systems is affected by several types of environmental degradation: intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of austenitic stainless steel piping in boiling water reactors (BWRs) has required research, inspection, and mitigation programs that will ultimately cost several billion dollars; erosion-corrosion of carbon steel piping has been observed frequently in the secondary systems of both BWRs and pressurized water reactors (PWRs); the effect of the BWR environment can greatly diminish the design margin inherent in the ASME Section III fatigue design curves for carbon steel piping; and cast stainless steels are subject to embrittlement after extended thermal aging at reactor operating temperatures. These problems are being addressed by wide-ranging research programs in this country and abroad. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the accomplishments of these programs and to note some of the remaining unanswered questions.

Cracking in sensitized austenitic stainless steel (SS) piping and associated components in boiling water reactors (BWRs) has been observed since the mid-1960s. Proposed remedies include procedures that produce a favorable residual stress state in the weld regions, replacement of the piping with materials that are more resistant to SCC, and modification of the reactor coolant environment. During this year, studies that have important implications for all three classes of proposed remedies have been carried out. These studies include fracture-mechanics crack-growth-rate tests on Type 316 NG SS and weld overlay specimens in impurity and high-purity environments, finite-element studies on weldments treated by the Mechanical Stress Improvement Process (MSIP) developed by O'Donnell and Associates, heat-to-heat studies of SCC in alternate alloys such as Types 316 NG and 347 Mod SS, and slow-strain-rate tests for the characterization of a variety of potential reactor coolant impurities. In addition, studies on the corrosion potential of irradiated stainless steel have been performed. This work is intended to provide a better understanding of the conditions associated with irradiation-assisted SCC (IASCC) in the core region.

The concept of using a mid-ocean island for a geologic high-level waste repository was investigated. The technical advantages include geographical isolation and near-infinite ocean dilution as a backup to repository geological waste isolation. The institutional advantages are reduced siting problems and the potential of creating an international waste repository. Establishment of international waste repository would allow cost sharing, aid US nonproliferation goals, and assure proper disposal of spent fuel from developing countries. The major uncertainties in this concept are rock conditions at waste disposal depths and costs. 13 refs., 2 tabs.

A review of previous efforts in process monitoring for safeguards was conducted. Previous efforts touched on various concepts and a few specific applications, but none was comprehensive in addressing all aspects of a process monitoring application for safeguards. This report develops prototypical process monitoring concepts that can be incorporated into the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA's) general safeguards approach for fuel reprocessing plants. This effort considers existing approaches, recognizing limitations and needed improvements. Prototypical process monitoring applications are developed and proposed for implementation and demonstration in the Integrated Equipment Test facility, which is located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The specific information needed to accomplish the process monitoring objectives are defined, and the mechanics for obtaining that information are described. Effort is given to the identification and assessment of potential impacts and benefits associated with process monitoring concepts, with particular attention to IAEA, state, and plant operator interests. The historical development of process monitoring is described and the implications of using process monitoring in international safeguards are discussed. Specific process process monitoring applications for demonstration in the IET facility are developed in Sects. 6 through 14. 1 fig.