Waste management in humid environments poses a continuing challenge because of the potential contamination of groundwater in the long term. Short-term needs for waste disposal, regulatory uncertainty, and unique site and waste characteristics have led to the development of a site-specific waste classification and management system proposed for the Oak Ridge Reservation. The overlying principle of protection of public health and safety is used to define waste classes compatible with generated waste types, disposal sites and technologies, and treatment technologies. 1 fig., 1 tab.

Several attempts to define and interpret this anomaly have been made in the past using 2-D and 3-D models. None of the previous interpretations have yielded definitive results, but in fairness, the interpretation here has benefited from a larger gravity data base and more subsurface control than available to previous workers. All published 3-D models simplistically assumed constant density of fill. All 2-D models suffered from the inherent three-dimensionality of the complicated density structure of Long Valley caldera. In addition, previous interpreters have lacked access to geological data, such as well lithologies and density logs, seismic refraction interpretations, suface geology, and structural geology interpretations. The purpose of this study is to use all available gravity data and geological information to constrain a multi-unit, 3-D density model based on the geology of Long Valley caldera and its vicinity. Insights on the geologic structure of the caldera fill can help other geophysical interpretations in determining near-surface effects so that deeper structure may be resolved. With adequate control on the structure of the caldera fill, we are able to examine the gravity data for the presence of deeper density anomalies in the crust. 20 refs., 7 figs.

This guide introduces Toolpack/1 Release 2, the second public release of Toolpack/1, an integrated suite of Fortran 77 software tools. The guide describes the background to the Toolpack project and explains the basic concepts and terms involved in the design and use of the tool suite. It also summarizes the facilities available in the second release and refers readers to other Toolpack/1 documentation for more detailed discussion. This guide should be regarded as essential preliminary reading for all prospective users of Toolpack/1.

Report on the ongoing environmental monitoring program at Argonne National Laboratory.

A laboratory test program is described to evaluate the corrosion behavior of several metallic alloys, coatings, claddings, and weldments in support of the atmospheric fluidized-bed air heater experiment. Results are presented from the first 1000-h test (Test A) conducted at metal and gas temperatures of 871 C and 899 C, respectively. Detailed information is also presented on the corrosion scale morphologies, scale compositions and thicknesses, intergranular penetration of the substrate material, and metal recession.

This is a guide to the use of a collection of Unix shell scripts that extend the Fortran analyzing and transforming capabilities of Unix by invoking a set of tools from Toolpack/1 (Release 2). It is a substantial revision and update of Argonne report ANL/MCS-TM-77, which served as a Unix users' guide to the first release of Toolpack/1.

This report applies some methods from the theory of group representation to the questions of program specification and knowledge about programs. The theory is that of a program as a transformation on a state space, and operators commuting with that transformation being symmetries of the program, means of specifying properties, and generators of program invariants. Because a program can simulate a system in the real world, there is a corresponding model of engineered artifacts, that is, manmade objects having a theory for their design.

To investigate the present-day hydrothermal system, the ''Shady Rest'' hole was continuously cored 715m into the southwestern moat of the Long Valley caldera. The hole intersected 100m of glacial till and 300m of postcaldera rhyolite before entering the welded Bishop Tuff and bottoming in that unit. A sharp temperature rise over the upper 350m, and near-isothermal conditions below reflect the presence of approx.200/sup 0/C water moving through open, calcite-lined fractures in silicified Early Rhyolite and Bishop Tuff. The depth to the Bishop is the shallowest encountered in holes in the caldera, and the temperatures measured are among the hottest observed in wells drilled within the caldera.

Regenerative heat exchangers for use in oscillating flows such as those occurring in Stirling engines present considerable analytical problems to the thermal engineer. A simplified finite element analysis has been implemented in a spreadsheet, providing improved access to analytical assumptions and allowing parametric analysis of current heat transfer data. In addition, an irreversibility analysis has been implemented using the thermal and friction results in the spreadsheet. It is suited for evaluation and insights into loss tradeoffs inside operating regenerators, to suggest new regenerator design concepts, and to focus experimental work. 22 refs., 13 figs.

This report discusses the costs, status of equipment and limited performance of the burst mode Nd:YLF laser. (LSP)

A report on smuggling of illegal drugs into the United States is a problem of serious proportions. The three major drugs of foreign source—cocaine, heroin, and marijuana-are the products traded by an enormous criminal enterprise whose retail sales total approximately $50 billion annually. Federal efforts to stop or deter international narcotics trafficking have met with only limited success.

In this special report, OTA analyzes the economic, legal, and ethical rights of the human sources of tissues and cells and also those of the physicians or researchers who obtain and develop these biological materials. The study describes the potential of three rapidly moving technologies (tissue and cell culture, cell fusion to produce monoclonal antibodies, and recombinant DNA) for manipulating human tissues and cells to yield commercially valuable products. The report includes a range of options for congressional action related to commercialization of human biological materials, regulation of research with human subjects, and disclosure of physicians’ commercial interest in patient treatment.

The principal aim of this report is to identify and assess the technological and institutional opportunities and constraints to maintaining biological diversity in the United States and worldwide.

In the past, studies have been performed on the oxidation of many grades of graphite over a wide temperature range. The accident at Chernobyl and subsequent analysis of the N Reactor prompted interest in obtaining data on the oxidation rate of TSX graphite, the type from which N Reactor was built. Work has concentrated on oxidation of TSX graphite by air at temperatures from 450 to 1200/sup 0/C. Oxidation is determined by density measurements. Experimental results are presented.

The environment of the electron microscope is particularly severe when one considers the energy deposited in a specimen during typical experimental conditions. Conventional imaging experiments tend to employ electron current densities ranging from approx.0.1 to 1 A/cm/sup 2/ while during microanalysis conditions probe current densities can range from 10 to values as high as 10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/. At 100 kV this corresponds to power densities from 100 Kilowatts/cm/sup 2/ to 10/sup 4/ Megawatts/cm/sup 2/. These energy deposition rates can result in electron irradiation damage which can substantially alter the structure and composition of a specimen through either ionization damage in organics or by displacement damage in inorganics and/or combinations thereof. For the most part materials scientists operating an analytical electron microscope (AEM) in the 100 to 200 kV regime studying metallic and/or ceramic specimens have been spared the need to consider either of these effects as their specimens have tended to be sufficiently resilient. However, the advent of the new medium voltage microscopes operating in the 300 to 400 kV regime with high brightness guns and clean or ultrahigh vacuum systems has necessitated a reevaluation of the effects of higher voltage operation in light of the destructive nature of …

After the United States enacted the Nuclear Waste Policy Act in 1983, the Department of Energy must design, site, build and operate permanent geologic repositories for high-level nuclear waste. The Department of Energy has recently selected three sites, one being the Hanford Site in the state of Washington. At this particular site, the repository will be located in basalt at a depth of approximately 3000 feet deep. The main concern of this site, is contamination of the groundwater by release of radionuclides from the waste package. The waste package basically has three components: the containment barrier (metal or concrete container, in this study concrete will be considered), the waste form, and other materials (such as packing material, emplacement hole liners, etc.). The containment barriers are the primary waste container structural materials and are intended to provide containment of the nuclear waste up to a thousand years after emplacement. After the containment barriers are breached by groundwater, the packing material (expanding sodium bentonite clay) is expected to provide the primary control of release of radionuclide into the immediate repository environment. The loading conditions on the concrete container (from emplacement to approximately 1000 years), will be twofold; (1) internal heat of the …

Neutrino interactions in a fine-grain calorimeter have been analyzed with emphasis on events with associated electromagnetic showers. The good granularity of the detector allows to separate photon from electron showers. The number of events with an electron, according to the present status of our analysis, is found to be about three times larger than expected on the basis of the beam composition. 9 refs., 7 figs.

Both the photon energy of an undulator as well as its tunability are determined by the period, lambda, of the device, the magnetic gap, G (which is larger than the minimum aperture required for injection and operation of the storage ring), and the storage ring energy, E/sub R/. Given the photon energy, E/sub p/, the above parameters ultimately define the limits of operation or tunability of the undulator. In general, the larger the tunability range, the more useful the device. Therefore, for a given required maximum photon energy, it is desirable to find the operating conditions and device parameters which result in the largest tunability interval possible. This paper investigates the question of undulator tunability with emphasis on the role of the ring energy in order to find the smallest E/sub R/ consistent with the desired tunability interval and photon energy. As a guideline, we have included a preliminary criteria, concerning the tunability requirements for the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to be built at Argonne. The analysis is aimed at X-ray undulator sources on the APS but is applicable to any storage ring.

The development of low-thrust propulsion systems to complement chemical propulsion systems will greatly enhance the evolution of future space programs. Two advantages of low-thrust rockets are stressed: first, in a strong gravitational field, such as occurs near the Earth, freighter missions with low-thrust engines require one-tenth as much propellant as do chemical engines. Second, in a weak gravitational field, such as occurs in the region between Venus and Mars, low-thrust rockets are faster than chemical rockets with comparable propellant mass. The purpose here is to address the physics of low-thrust trajectories and to interpret the results with two simple models. Analytic analyses are used where possible - otherwise, the results of numerical calculations are presented in graphs. The author has attempted to make this a self-contained report.

The emittance of the SLC beam is determined from measurements of the beam width on a profile monitor as a quadrupole field is varied. An automated system has been developed to allow this to be done rapidly and accurately. The image on a fluorescent screen profile monitor (resolution about 20 ..mu..m) is read out through an electronic interface and digitized by a transient recorder. A high level software package has been developed to set up the hardware for the measurements, acquire data, fit the beam width, and calculate the emittance.

A high current MEtal Vapor Vacuum Arc (MEVVA) ion source is to be installed in the third injector (Abel) at the SuperHILAC, representing the first accelerator use of this novel ion source. The MEVVA source has produced over 1 A of uranium in all charge states, with more than 100 electrical mA (emA) of U/sup 5 +/. Transport of the space-charge dominated beam through the charge-state analysis dipole will be enhanced by a 100 kV extractor voltage and neutralization by secondary electrons. In addition to the MEVVA source, other improvements already in place include a lower pressure in the Low Energy Beam Transport line (15.8 keV/AMU) to reduce charge exchange for the heavy elements, and the addition of a second 23 MHz buncher upstream of the Wideroe linac and two 70 MHz bunchers between the 23 MHz Wideroe and the 70 MHz Alvarez linacs. The project is expected to result in a fivefold increase in beam delivered to Bevatron experiments, increasing the extracted uranium beam to 5 x 10/sup 7/ ions/pulse.

The chemical methods described in this paper have been developed for preparation of isotopic targets for bombardment by accelerator-produced ions. Three systems are compared: nitrate-, chloride-, and acetate-organic solutions. The best method was found to be the metallic acetate-organic solution system, evaporated onto the substrate in the presence of ammonia gas. A detailed procedure is given for this method. The targets obtained by the acetate-organic solution system are uniform and adherent. The hydroxide forms fine crystals of good quality for target thicknesses from a few ..mu..g/cm/sup 2/ to several mg/cm/sup 2/. Thicknesses up to 5 mg/cm/sup 2/ of Eu as the oxide were obtained by this method. The process is simple and fast. 18 refs., 1 tab.

Some topics in the standard model of strong and electroweak interactions are discussed, as well as how these topics are relevant for the high energy colliders which will become operational in the next few years. The radiative corrections in the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model are discussed, stressing how these corrections may be measured at LEP and the SLC. CP violation is discussed briefly, followed by a discussion of the Higgs boson and the searches which are relevant to hadron colliders are then discussed. Some of the problems which the standard model does not solve are discussed, and the energy ranges accessible to the new colliders are indicated. (LEW)

The reactivity of UFe2 with O2, CO and CO2 were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption of O2 on clean UFe2 surfaces (Fe/U approx. = 2.0), produced by argon-ion sputtering, leads to the formation of UO2 and depletion of Fe from the surface layer probed by XPS (Fe/U approx. = 0.8). The oxidation state of Fe in this layer, as determined by XPS (Fe 2p/sub 3/2/ = 710.4 eV), is between Fe S and Fe T of pure Fe oxides. Exposure of sputtered-clean UFe2 to CO and CO2 results in a slight broadening of the U 4f peaks, indicating U oxidation, and some Fe depletion in the analyzed layer (Fe/U approx. = 1.7). The O ls (530.2 and 530.4 eV for CO and CO2, respectively) and C ls (282.7 and 282.6 eV for CO and CO2, respectively) indicate that dissociative chemisorption to O and C atoms occurs. UFe2 ground into a fine powder was tested as a catalyst in a differential high-pressure flow reactor with a 2H2:CO gas mixture. A significant amount of methanol and hydrocarbons are produced at 577K; while hydrocarbons are the main products (>99%) at 739K. XPS analysis of the used catalyst indicates that U is …