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Confinement of airborne radioactivity. Final progress report, January-December 1978
A new test method has been developed at the Savannah River Laboratory for evaluating the iodine retention capabilities of carbon used in the airborne-activity confinement system. Methyl iodide tagged with I-131 is injected into a test gas stream continuously for 5 hours with test conditions of 80/sup 0/C temperature, 95% relative humidity, and 55 feet per minute linear flow velocity. Results show that the CH/sub 3/I retention efficiency is independent of the inlet CH/sub 3/I concentration over the range of at least 0.9 to 200 ..mu..g/m/sup 3/ in the test gas stream. The method was also used to evaluate the effects of paint fumes on in-service carbons and showed that solvent exposure reduced carbon service life by 5 to 7 months. Experimental carbons both before and after service exposure in the SRP carbon test facility were also evaluated.
Date:
February 1, 1980
Creator:
A.G., Evans
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Management of intermediate-level radioactive wastes in the United States
While used extensively, the term intermediate-level waste is not a clearly defined waste category. Assuming the ILW includes all radioactive wastes requiring shielding but not ordinarily included in a high-level waste canister, its major sources include power plant operations, spent fuel storage, and spent fuel reprocessing. While the volume is approx. 10/sup 2/ greater than that of high-level waste, ILW contains only approx. 1% of the radioactivity. Power plant waste, constituting approx. 87% of the waste volume, is generally nontransuranic waste. The other approximately 13% from fuel reprocessing is generally transuranic. Intermediate-level wastes fall into the general categories of highly radioactive hardware, failed equipment, HEPA filters, wet wastes, and noncombustible solids. Within each category, however, the waste characteristics can vary widely, necessitating different treatments. The wet wastes, primarily power plant resins and sludges, contribute the largest volume; fuel hulls and core hardware represent the greatest activity. Numerous treatments for intermediate-level wastes are available and have been used successfully. Packaging and transportation systems are also available. Intermediate-level wastes from power plants are disposed of by shallow-land burial. However, the alpha-bearing wastes are being stored pending eventual disposal to a geologic repository or by other means, e.g., intermediate-depth burial, sea disposal. Problem …
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Aaberg, R.L.; Lakey, L.T. & Greenborg, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hot dry rock geothermal reservoir engineering
Two wells, GT-2 and EE-1, were originally drilled to a depth of 9600 ft (2.93 km) and 10,000 ft (3.05 km), respectively, and, after some difficulties, including redrilling of the bottom portion of GT-2, a good fracture connection was made between EE-1 and GT-2B, as the modified GT-2 was called. The circulation system was studied extensively for the purpose of establishing a number of fracture properties. Techniques were developed to determine orientation, geometry, heat exchange area, volume, flow impedance and impedance distribution. A much larger fracture system was then created from a depth of 9620 ft (2.93 km) in EE-1. The techniques used and results obtained in the study of the new and old fracture systems are discussed. (MHR)
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Aamodt, R. L.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic research needed for the development of geothermal energy
Basic research needed to facilitate development of geothermal energy is identified. An attempt has been made to make the report representative of the ideas of productive workers in the field. The present state of knowledge of geothermal energy is presented and then specific recommendations for further research, with status and priorities, are listed. Discussion is limited to a small number of applicable concepts, namely: origin of geothermal flux; transport of geothermal energy; geothermal reservoirs; rock-water interactions, and geophysical and geochemical exploration.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Aamodt, R. L. & Riecker, R. E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carbon dioxide problem: DOE program and a general assessment
From the view of a potential national or international policy on CO/sub 2/, progress towards these goals is reported along with suggestions for additions to and implementation of the present work. After the introduction, conclusions and recommendations are presented. The third and fourth sections contain discussions of the present research programs on the carbon cycle and on climate modeling. The fifth section considers physical effects of CO/sub 2/-induced climate change that may be of social or economic importance. The last section considers some early warning signals for climate changes due to increased atmospheric CO/sub 2/.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Abarbanel, H.; Chamberlain, J.; Foley, H.; MacDonald, G.; Nierenberg, W. & Ruderman, M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Regional-seasonal weather forecasting
In the interest of allocating heating fuels optimally, the state-of-the-art for seasonal weather forecasting is reviewed. A model using an enormous data base of past weather data is contemplated to improve seasonal forecasts, but present skills do not make that practicable. 90 references. (PSB)
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Abarbanel, H.; Foley, H.; MacDonald, G.; Rothaus, O.; Rudermann, M. & Vesecky, J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
DIFFUSION IN VERY CHAOTIC HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS
We study nonintegrable Hamiltonian dynamics: H(I,{theta}}) = H{sub 0}(I)+kH{sub 1}(I,{theta}) for large k; that is, far from integrability. An integral representation is given for the conditional probability P(I,{theta},t|I{sub 0},{theta}{sub 0},t{sub 0}) that the system is at I,{theta} at t, given it was at I{sub 0},{theta}{sub 0} at t{sub 0}. By discretizing time into steps of size {epsilon}, we show how to evatuate physical observables for large k, fixed {epsilon}. An explicit calculation of a diffusion coefficient in a two degree of freedom problem is reported. Passage to {epsilon} = 0, the original Hamiltonian flow, discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Abarbanel, Henry D.I. & Crawford, John David
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
STRONG COUPLING EXPANSIONS FOR NON-INTEGRABLE HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS
We present a method for studying nonintegrable Hamiltonian systems H(I,{theta})=H{sub 0}(I)+kH{sub 1}(I,{theta}) (I,{theta} are action-angle variables) in the reg1me of large k. Our central tool is the conditional probability P(I,{theta},t|I{sub 0},{theta}{sub 0},t{sub 0}) that the system is at I,{theta} at time t given that it resided at I{sub 0},{theta}{sub 0} at t{sub 0}. An integral representation is given for this conditional probability. By discretizing the Hamiltonian equations of motion in small time steps, {epsilon}, we arrive at a phase volume preserving mapping which replaces the actual flow. When the motion on the energy surface E=H(I,{theta}) is bounded we are able to evaluate physical quantities of interest for large k and fixed {epsilon}. We also discuss the representation of P(I,{theta},t|I{sub 0},{theta}{sub 0},t{sub 0}) when an external random forcing is added in order to smooth the singular functions associated with the deterministic flow. Explicit calculations of a "diffusion" coefficient are given for a non-integrable system with two degrees of freedom. The limit {epsilon}{approaches}0 , which returns us to the actual flow, is subtle and is discussed.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Abarbanel, Henry D.I. & Crawford, John David
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water supply and demand in an energy supply model
This report describes a tool for water and energy-related policy analysis, the development of a water supply and demand sector in a linear programming model of energy supply in the United States. The model allows adjustments in the input mix and plant siting in response to water scarcity. Thus, on the demand side energy conversion facilities can substitute more costly dry cooling systems for conventional evaporative systems. On the supply side groundwater and water purchased from irrigators are available as more costly alternatives to unappropriated surface water. Water supply data is developed for 30 regions in 10 Western states. Preliminary results for a 1990 energy demand scenario suggest that, at this level of spatial analysis, water availability plays a minor role in plant siting. Future policy applications of the modeling system are discussed including the evaluation of alternative patterns of synthetic fuels development.
Date:
December 1, 1980
Creator:
Abbey, D & Loose, V
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Water-related planning and design at energy firms
Water related planning and design at energy firms are examined. By identifying production alternatives and specifying the cost of these alternatives under a variety of conditions, one gains insight into the future pattern of water use in the energy industry and the response of industry to water-related regulation. In Part II, the three principal decisions of industry that affect water allocation are reviewed: where to build plants, where to get water, and how much water to use. The cost of water use alternatives is reviewed. Part III presents empirical data to substantiate the inferences derived from engineering/economic analysis. The source of water, type of cooling system, and pattern of discharge for electric plants constructed during the 1970s or projected to come on line in this decade are reported. In the 1970s in the US, there was a trend away from once-through cooling toward use of evaporative cooling. Freshwater, as a source of supply, and discharge of effluent were standard practice. In the 1980s, almost all new capacity in the states and basins surveyed will use evaporative cooling. It is pointed out that a thorough understanding of industrial water use economics and water markets is a precursor to successful regulation.
Date:
November 1, 1980
Creator:
Abbey, D & Lucero, F
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Improved methods for measuring radioactive tracer accumulation and excretion by microarthropods, with applications for a mite species, Tyrophagus longior (Acarina, Acaridae)
Radioisotope retention measurements of /sup 85/Sr and /sup 51/Cr in Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acari: Acaridae) were fit to 2 and 1 component models. Biological half-life for the rapid component of both radioisotopes was about 10 hours, with assimilation of /sup 85/Sr being 62%. The identification of /sup 51/Cr turnover as gut clearance must remain tentative. An inexpensive disposable culture chamber for measuring radioisotope retention in microarthropods is described along with details of methodology.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Abbott, David T. & Crossley, D. A., Jr.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Choice of Coolant in Commercial Tokamak Power Plants
The STARFIRE design study focused on solid tritium breeder blankets in order to minimize the stored chemical energy. The most suitable coolant candidates with solid tritium breeders are water and helium. This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the two coolants. The study shows clear advantages for the choice of pressurized water for the conditions of the STARFIRE tokamak power plant design. The study also identifies those areas where development is required in order to utilize the potential advantages of helium.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Abdou, M. A. & Graumann, D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
STARFIRE: A Conceptual Design of a Commercial Tokamak Power Plant. Paper IAEA-CN-39/E-1
STARFIRE is a conceptual design for a commercial tokamak power plant based on the deuterium/tritium/lithium fuel cycle. The emphasis of the study is on the simplicity of the engineering design, maintainability, lower electricity cost, and improved safety and environmental features. The reactor has a 7-m major radius and produces 1200 MW of electric power. STARFIRE operates in a steady-state mode with the plasma current driven by a lower hybrid rf system. The plasma purity control and exhaust system is based on the limiter/vacuum concept, which offers unique advantages for commercial power reactors. The blanket utilizes a solid lithium compound for tritium breeding and pressurized water as the coolant.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Abdou, M. A.; Baker, C. C.; DeFreece, D.; Trachsel, C.; Graumann, D. & Kokoszenski, J.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Limiter/Vacuum System for Plasma Impurity Control and Exhaust in Tokamaks
A detailed design of a limiter/vacuum system for plasma impurity control and exhaust has been developed for the STARFIRE tokamak power plant. It is shown that the limiter/vacuum concept is a very attractive option for power reactors. It is relatively simple and inexpensive and deserves serious experimental verification.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Abdou, M.; Brooks, J. & Mattas, R.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Future credible precipitation occurrences in Los Alamos, New Mexico
I have studied many factors thought to have influenced past climatic change. Because they might recur, they are possible suspects for future climatic alterations. Most of these factors are totally unpredictable; therefore, they cast a shadow on the validity of derived climatic predictions. Changes in atmospheric conditions and in continental surfaces, variations in solar radiation, and in the earth's orbit around the sun are among the influential mechanisms investigated. Even when models are set up that include the above parameters, their reliability will depend on unpredictable variables totally alien to the model (like volcanic eruptions). Based on climatic records, however, maximum precipitation amounts have been calculated for different probability levels. These seem to correspond well to past precipitation occurrences, derived from tree ring indices. The link between tree ring indices and local climate has been established through regression analysis.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Abeele, W.V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Plated-through hole testing. Final repot
An improved microresistance testing method to measure the thickness of copper plating in plated-through holes of double-sided printed wiring boards is presented. A new probe design, combined with a microprocessor controller, makes it possible for a direct reading tester to provide variables data. Tester design and software programs for the system are included. Results of correlation studies, comparing the improved resistance method to cross-sectional measurements are presented. Limitations on the microresistance test method are discussed.
Date:
May 1, 1980
Creator:
Abel, W.B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Large-area proportional counter camera for the US National Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Facility
An engineering model of a multiwire position-sensitive proportional-counter (PSPC) was developed, tested, and installed at the US National Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Facility at ORNL. The PSPC is based on the RC-encoding and time-difference decoding method to measure the spatial coordinates of the interaction loci of individual scattered neutrons. The active area of the PSPC is 65 cm x 65 cm, and the active depth is 3.6 cm. The spatial uncertainty in both coordinates is approx. 1.0 cm (fwhm) for thermal neutrons; thus, a matrix of 64 x 64 picture elements is resolved. The count rate capability for randomly detected neutrons is 10/sup 4/ counts per second, with < 3% coincidence loss. The PSPC gas composition is 63% /sup 3/He, 32% Xe, and 5% CO/sub 2/ at an absolute pressure of approx. 3 x 10/sup 5/ Pa (3 atm). The detection efficiency is approx. 90% for the 0.475-nm (4.75-A) neutrons used in the scattering experiments.
Date:
January 1, 1980
Creator:
Abele, R. K.; Allin, G. W.; Clay, W. T.; Fowler, C. E. & Kopp, M. K.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Honda motor company's CVCC engine
Honda Motor Company of Japan in a four-year period from 1968 to 1872 designed, tested, and mass-produced a stratified charge engine, the CVCC, which in comparison to conventional engines of similar output at the time was lower in CO, HC and NO/sub x/ emissions and higher in fuel economy. Honda developed the CVCC engine without government assistance or outside help. Honda's success came at a time when steadily increasing fuel costs and the various provisions of the Clean Air Act had forced US automakers to consider possible alternatives to the conventional gasoline engine. While most major engine manufacturers had investigated some form of stratified charge engine, Honda's CVCC was the only one to find successful market application. This case study examines the circumstances surrounding the development of the CVCC engine and its introduction into the Japanese and American markets.
Date:
July 1, 1980
Creator:
Abernathy, W.J. & Ronan, L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Stressmeter Placement at Spent Fuel Test in Climax Granite
Vibrating wire stressmeters were installed in the Spent Fuel Facility at the Nevada Test Site. These stressmeters will measure the changes in in situ stress during the five-year spent fuel test. Before installation, laboratory tests were conducted to study reproducibility of placement and to develop a program hopefully to reduce corrosion of the stressmeters while in place at the Spent Fuel Facility. These laboratory tests are discussed along with the installation of the stressmeters at the Spent Fuel Facility.
Date:
May 20, 1980
Creator:
Abey, A. E. & Washington, H. R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Rumor, Volume 20, Number 9, September 1980
Monthly newsletter of the Abilene State School discussing news within the organization and other topics relevant to their employees.
Date:
September 1980
Creator:
Abilene State School
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
Rumor, Volume 30, Number 2, February 1980
Monthly newsletter of the Abilene State School discussing news within the organization and other topics of interest to their employees.
Date:
February 1980
Creator:
Abilene State School
Object Type:
Journal/Magazine/Newsletter
System:
The Portal to Texas History
EPR investigations of impurities in the lanthanide orthophosphates
Lanthanide orthophosphates formed from elements in the first half of the 4f transition series are analogs of the monoclinic mineral monazite. The known geologic properties of this mineral make the general class of lanthanide orthophosphate compounds attractive substances for long-term containment and disposal of ..cap alpha..-active actinide nuclear wastes. EPR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structural properties and solid state chemical properties of impurities in these materials and to compare the characteristics of single crystals and polycrystalline bodies.
Date:
September 1, 1980
Creator:
Abraham, M. M.; Boatner, L. A. & Rappaz, M.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineering Report on the Drilling in the Lemhi Pass Area of Montana
"This report presents engineering details, statistics, individual borehole histories, and geophysical logs of the four holes drilled in the Lemhi Pass, Montana/Idaho area." (from Introduction)
Date:
May 1980
Creator:
Abramiuk, I. N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary geologic report on the Missoula/Bitterroot Drilling Project, Missoula/Bitterroot Basins, Montana
The objective of the drilling project was to obtain information to assess the favorability of the Tertiary sedimentary units in the Missoula and Bitterroot Valleys for uranium potential. The group of Montana Tertiary basins, including the Missoula and Bitterroot Basins, has been assigned a speculative uranium potential of 46,557 tons of U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ at $100/lb by the 1980 National Uranium Resource Evaluation report. The seven drill holes, two in the Missoula Valley and five in the Bitterroot Valley, verified observations made during surface studies and provided additional information about the subsurface that was previously unknown. No uranium was found, although of the two localities the Bitterroot Valley is the more favorable. Three stratigraphic units were tentatively identified on the basis of lithology: pre-Renova clastic units, Renova Formation equivalents, and Sixmile Creek Formation equivalents. Of the three, the Renova Formation equivalents in the Bitterroot Valley appear to be the most favorable for possible uranium occurrences and the pre-Renova clastic units the least favorable.
Date:
August 1, 1980
Creator:
Abramiuk, I.N. (comp.)
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library