This talk is a review of results which have been reported during the past year on charmed particle decays in emulsions.

The roster of the scientific and professional staffs of the Environmental Programs of the Department of Energy and Environment has been compiled as of December 1979. Staff members have been listed according to their organizational units, i.e., the Atmospheric Sciences Division, the Environmental Chemistry Division, the Oceanographic Sciences Division, and the Land and Freshwater Environmental Sciences Group. Educational background, research interests, professional activities, summary of experience at BNL, and selected publications have been included for each member listed.

The results are presented of an exhaustive literature search and evaluation concerning the properties and economics of commercially available nonmetallic well casing and screens. These materials were studied in terms of their use in low to intermediate temperature geothermal well construction.

Research to establish a general method to assess the performance and reliability of computer codes for the numerical approximation of linear operators is reported. The neutron transport operator was chosen as model. The general approach to solving the error problem and the use of benchmarks are sketched. This report contains only a brief administrative summary; references are given to forty reports and publications that contain detailed information. (RWR)

During portions of the 1974-1975 and 1975-1976 winter heating seasons, a field evaluation was made of a solar-assisted heat pump heating system in a small commercial office building in Albuquerque, N.M. The system was comprised of one main water-to-water heat pump and five small water-to-air heat pumps. The liquid-type solar collector array had an area equivalent to about 10% of the building floor area. Other than the ethylene glycol/water solution circulated through the solar collector array, water was used in all parts of the system, including three thermal energy storage tanks. Considerable information concerning this project has been disseminated through conferences, workshops, technical papers at professional society meetings, reports to the federal government and Master of Science theses, all of which are referenced in this report. The work done on this project over the period of the contract is summarized and pertinent information concerning the building, the solar-assisted heat pump system, data acquisition aspects, results, and conclusions are included.

Four appendices are included. The first covers applications of low-temperature geothermal energy including industrial processes, agricultural and related processes, district heating and cooling, and miscellaneous. The second discusses hydrogeologic factors affecting the design and construction of low-temperature geothermal wells: water quality, withdrawal rate, water depth, water temperature, basic well designs, and hydrogeologic provinces. In the third appendix, properties of metallic and nonmetallic materials are described, including: specific gravity, mechanical strength properties, resistance to physical and biological attack, thermal properties of nonmetallics, fluid flow characteristics, corrosion resistance, scaling resistance, weathering resistance of nonmetallics, and hydrolysis resistance of nonmetallics. Finally, special considerations in the design and construction of low-temperature geothermal wells using nonmetallics materials are covered. These include; drilling methods, joining methods, methods of casing and screen installation, well cementing, and well development. (MHR)

The purpose of this manual is to serve as a guide for persons using these techniques in water quality studies and as a written record of the methods used in this laboratory at this time. It is anticipated that the manual will be updated frequently as new methods are added and the present ones are further refined. The present methods are all used routinely and have been in regular use for a year or longer. This manual is specifically written as a guide for the collection and analysis of lake water samples from the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, all of the analytical methods are easily adapted for laboratory culture or small lake studies. The descriptions contained in this manual are designed primarily as users guides oriented to the equipment available at the Great Lakes Research Division, and as most of the methods are taken from the literature, the reader is referred to the original articles for a more detailed discussion of the methods.

Research is presented concerning iodide stress corrosion cracking of zircaloy, self-diffusion of oxygen in hypostoichiometric urania, surface chemistry of epitaxial silicon deposition by thermal cracking of silane, kinetics of laser pulse vaporization of UO/sub 2/, gas laser model for laser induced evaporation, solubility of hydrogen in uranium dioxide, thermal gradient migration of metallic inclusions in UO/sub 2/, molecular beam studies of atomic hydrogen reduction of oxides, and thermal gradient brine-inclusion migration in salt. (FS)

The fundamental purpose for SKEET is to provide a means of simulating and evaluating OTEC platform SKSS performance. This evaluation capability may be employed in the process of a design review, comparison of alternative concepts, operational planning, establishing risk and reliability criteria and a host of other applications. However, the central requirement is that SKEET have the capability to predict the excursions on motions of the platform and loads on the SKSS as a result of environmental effects under a range of operational conditions. The principal elements which should be represented by the SKEET model include: environment (wind, current, waves); vessel/CWP configuration; mooring system (including anchor/soil and electrical riser cable interactions); and dynamic positioning system effects. Findings are summarized of the following two tasks that have been undertaken to formulate a definition of the requirements of SKEET: Task III - identify and classify the physical characteristics and phenomena and evaluate interaction effects; and Task IV - establish mooring performance criteria. The objective of Task III was to define the range of physical parameters that must be incorporated into SKEET and to make an assessment of the most appropriate manner in which to incorporate each of those parameters. The objective of …

A workbook for implementing an abbreviated version of the RD and D portfolio selection methodology described in A Resource Allocation Methodology for Establishing RD and D Budgetary Priorities is presented. The purpose of the abbreviated methodology is to allow a fast, first-cut analysis of a set of programs and to provide a means of discovering important issues that deserve more detailed analysis. The use of the abbreviated methodology in the overall process of evaluating RD and D programs is outlined. The effect of the program on a process is represented by the process model. Those process cost and performance characteristics that are important to the market for an energy product are described. The product cost model takes the cost and performance characteristics and the feedstock price and calculates the cost of producing a unit of energy using the technology in question. The market model takes this cost, the demand for the energy product, and the characteristics of alternative sources of the same product, and specifies the market share captured by the new technology. From this point it is relatively straightforward to infer the impacts of the new technology on the energy system. The benefit model evaluates the impacts in a …

The FFTF reactor is described. Procedures and equipment used to protect personnel from potential hazards of oxygen deficient environments are described.

The Basalt Waste Isolation Project (BWIP) program as administered by the DOE's Richland Operations Office and Rockwell Hanford Operations is described. The objectives, scope and scientific technologies are discussed. The work breakdown structure of the project includes: project management and support, systems integration, geosciences, hydrology, engineered barriers, test facility design and construction, engineering testing, repository studies, and schedules. The budget of the program including operating and capital cost control is also included. (DC)

Key findings from the Illinois Powerplant Productivity Improvement Study are: (1) the historic performance (equivalent availability) of large generating units in Illinois is below national average performance; (2) cost-effective opportunities to improve performance exist, and utilities pursue many of these; (3) there are no strong regulatory disincentives to the undertaking of productivity improvement projects, but no strong incentives either; (4) current utility practices, procedures, and management philosophy toward improved productivity are being strengthened; (5) areas in which immediate attention is warranted include application of reliability engineering tools to the analysis of powerplant availability and more vigorous pursuit of opportunities for performance improvements; (6) DOE systematic methodology for analysis of productivity improvement projects was demonstrated at three units and found to be useful; (7) the potential for improved productivity was estimated to be of the order of 2% in planned and forced outage rates; (8) if a 5% improvement were to be attained, cumulative (through 1990) constant-dollar benefits would be approximately $500 million; (9) formula regulatory incentive mechanisms are presently in a developmental or experimental phase, but adoption by the State of Illinois does not appear warranted at this time; and (10) the Illinois Commerce Commission can encourage improved productivity by …

The findings of the 1977 State Geothermal Resources Task Force are divided into four main categories: well siting, power plant siting; environmental problems; and miscellaneous areas. California's 1978 legislation is described using the same categories. The key difficulties still harassing the state's geothermal industry are described including: control over air quality at the Geysers; powerplant finance; a binary cycle demonstration; federal land use decisions; and miscellaneous concerns. (MHR)

A general expression is given for the stop bandwidths, ..delta nu../sub N/, of nonlinear beam-beam resonances, which is expanded in powers of Y(s), the vertical beam orbit, and which is valid under certain assumptions regarding the orbits and charge distributions near the interaction regions. This result is applied to obtain results for the rms ..delta nu../sub N/ due to random vertical orbit errors, and due to random errors in ..beta../sub y/ at the crossing points. Numerical results are given for the ISABELLE storage accelerator.

The Energy Technology Programs in the BNL Department of Energy and Environment cover a broad range of activities, namely: electrochemical research, chemical energy storage, chemical heat pumps, solar technology, fossil technology, catalytic systems development, space-conditioning technology, and technical support/program management. Summaries of the individual tasks associated with these activities along with publications, significant accomplishments, and program funding levels are presented.

In order to perform studies of the influence of regional groundwater flow systems on the long-term performance of potential high-level nuclear waste repositories, it was determined that an adequate computer model would have to consider the full three-dimensional flow system. Golder Associates' SOLTR code, while three-dimensional, has an overly simple algorithm for simulating the passage of radionuclides from one aquifier to another above or below it. Part 1 of this report describes the algorithm developed to provide SOLTR with an improved capability for simulating interaquifer transport.

Regulatable elements of a deep geological nuclear waste isolation system are those characteristics of a candidate system which need to be specified to achieve control of its performance. This report identifies the regulatable elements with respect to waste form, repository design, site suitability, and the modeling and decision analysis processes. Regulatable elements in each section are listed and described briefly as they affect the short-term and long-term performance of a deep geological repository.

Standard energy analysis was applied to 4 types of geothermal-electric technologies: liquid dominated, hot dry rock, geopressure, and vapor dominated. It was found that all are net energy producers. Expected uncertainties are not large enough to threaten this conclusion. Vapor dominated, the only technology in current commercial use to produce electricity in the US, has the highest energy ratio (13 +- 4). These results for energy ratio are equal to or less than some from other workers. In the case of liquid dominated, environmental control technology has a considerable energy requirement.

This safety analysis was performed for the Manager of Plant Operations at LLL and fulfills the requirements of DOE Order 5481.1. The analysis was based on field inspections, document review, computer calculations, and extensive input from Waste Management personnel. It was concluded that the quantities of materials handled do not pose undue risks on- or off-site, even in postulated severe accidents. Risks from the various hazards at these facilities vary from low to moderate as specified in DOE Order 5481.1. Recommendations are made for additional management and technical support of waste disposal operations.

A use for GNLS, a general nonlinear least-squares curve fitting program, is presented. In this use GNLS determines a set of best parameters for relationships that cannot be written in closed form. This program can be useful for experimenters who need to determine experimental parameters by fitting nonclosed-form relationships to experimental data. Two examples are given to indicate how GNLS can be used for this type of problem. 11 figures.

Borehole instrumentation for the measurement of temperature, displacement, and stress was evaluated, modified, calibrated, and installed in an underground site at Stripa, Sweden where experiments are currently underway to investigate the suitability of granite as a storage medium for nuclear waste. Three arrays of borehole instrumentation measure the thermomechanical effects caused by electrical heaters which simulate the thermal output of canisters of radioactive waste. Because most rock mechanics investigations are carried out at modest temperatures, a sustained operating temperature as high as 200/sup 0/C was an unusual and most important criterion governing the instrumentation program. Extensive laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high temperature on instrument behavior and also to develop calibration and data-reduction procedures. The rod extensometers were tested for anchor creep, the selection of a suitable high-temperature pressurizing fluid, and the thermal stability of the grout. Four temperature corrections are incorporated into the data reduction of the USBM borehole deformation measurement: the bridge voltage offset correction, the change in calibration factor induced by temperature, and the thermal expansion of the gage and of the rock. The vibrating wire gages were calibrated in the laboratory by loading gages installed in a granite block at pressures up …

Methodology and general purpose software were developed which do allow computer-aided design and analysis of large scale coal conversion processes. The LINBAL package for larger scale balance calculations was demonstrated to be quick and efficient in solving problems involving over 100 streams, 20 species, and 80 or more flowsheet units. The LSP simulation package embodies constraint handling, recycle calculation, and information management features which are an advance of the state of the art. The two level strategy available in LSP was demonstrated on a reasonable sized simulation and shown to result in a 1/3 reduction of CPU time over conventional calculation strategies. The Physical Properties Package was used in all of the simulation models developed under this project and proved to be satisfactory within the limits of the thermodynamic correlations and estimation methods which are encoded. Although the package is largely conventional in overall design, it does employ features which make it convenient to use both within LSP and on a stand-along basis. The PCOST package represents a new approach to the design of this type of program. The program has proved to be simple to use, robust, and accurate within the limitations of the literature cost correlations that it …

Models and computer codes which may be used to describe flow reactors in which high purity, solar grade silicon is produced via reduction of gaseous silicon halides are described. A prominent example of the type of process which may be studied using the codes developed in this program is the SiCl/sub 4//Na reactor currently being developed by the Westinghouse Electric Corp. During this program two large computer codes were developed. The first is the CHEMPART code, an axisymmetric, marching code which treats two-phase flows with models describing detailed gas-phase chemical kinetics, particle formation, and particle growth. This code, based on the AeroChem LAPP (Low Altitude Plume Program) code can be used to describe flow reactors in which reactants mix, react, and form a particulate phase. Detailed radial gas-phase composition, temperature, velocity, and particle size distribution profiles are computed. Also, depositon of heat, momentum, and mass (either particulate or vapor) on reactor walls is described. The second code is a modified version of the GENMIX boundary layer code which is used to compute rates of heat, momentum, and mass transfer to the reactor walls. This code lacks the detailed chemical kinetics and particle handling features of the CHEMPART code but has …