The following document describes the usage and results of sending pulsed beams of electrically charged particles with electrically wide range of pulse lengths and pulse repetition rates.

A series paired explosions in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, has been conducted to test a theory by A.L. Latter concerning seismic decoupling by underground cavities. The theory predicted a decoupling of 132 Free-field and surface measurements from an explosion in either a 6-ft- or a 15-ft-radius spherical cavity were compared with similar measurements from a completely tamped explosion of equal size. Shot sizes were from 20 pounds up to a ton. Surface measurements were made out to 100 km and covered the frequency range from 0.05 to 100 cps. The experiments confirmed that decoupling does occur. For explosions that produce an average cavity pressure up to one-fifth and possible more of the lithostatic overburden pressure, seismic waves were decoupled by the 100, i.e., two order of magnitude. Even for explosions producing an average cavity pressure of six times the lithostatic overburden pressure, the seismic waves were decoupled by 20 -- more than a full order of magnitude. Minimum decoupling factors as a function of frequency are presented.

Abstract. A series of paired explosions in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, has been conducted to test a theory by Dr. A. L. Latter concerning seismic decoupling by underground cavities. The theory predicted a decoupling of about 100. Free-field and surface measurements from an explosion in either a 6-ft- or a 15-ft-radius spherical cavity were compared with similar measurements from a completely tamped explosion. Shot sixes were from a 10 lb up to a few tons. Surface measurements were made out to 100 km and covered the frequency range from 0.05 to 100 cpa. The experiment confirmed that decoupling does occur. The actual decoupling factor as a function of frequency is presented and compared with the Latter theory.

Abstract. The region where exact thermodynamic description of the state of matter at high pressure and high temperature is possible is located. In the remaining region various approximate theories and empirical relations are discussed. These considerations are applied to hydrogen to locate the density and pressure at which the diatomic bond collapses. Also the approximate conditions are determined at which no bound electron states exist.

This report is a corrected copy of the authors "rapporteur talk" at the 1959 Kiev Conference on High Energy Physics. It contains data on the rapporteur system and on interactions of strange particles with protons and neutrons, using data from bubble chambers, counters, and emulsions.

The demands of the scientific programs of the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at the Nevada Test Site have necessitated the development of special drill hole survey techniques. These techniques, in general, have made possible the attainment of greater survey accuracies than are ordinarily obtained by the drilling industry in the course of normal survey work. For drill holes requiring a moderately high degree of location accuracy, standard survey equipment, manufactured by Eastman Oil Well Survey Company was adapted by LRL to meet this need. Where an extremely high degree of survey accuracy and control of drilling effort is necessary, such as in the drilling and survey of line-of-sight holes, special optical equipment was developed. The modifications of equipment, refinements in procedures, and special techniques necessary to adapt this equipment to meet the more demanding accuracy requirements of scientific programs are discussed. The overall techniques of survey, equipment used, and the accuracies obtained together with results of completed surveys showing a comparison with standard land survey methods are also discussed and illustrated in some detail.

The relative yield of neutral photopions from various elements was determined as a function of the quantum limit energy of the Berkeley synchrotron. Single decay photons from neutral pions were observed at 45, 90, and 135 deg to the incident bremsstrahlung in the laboratory system. Mean free paths for neutral pions in nuclear matter were obtained, an optical model prediction of the photopion yields based upon pion-nucleus scattering data was confirmed, and the presence of coherent pion production in the forward direction was detected.

Among the thermodynamic variables, which include temperature (T), energy per unit mass (E), volume per unit mass (V), pressure (p), and others any two may be selected as independent, and on this pair will depend, in principle, every other variable, each such relationship constituting an "equation of state". Thus, the common choice of V and T as independent variables implies that E is given by a function E(V,T), p by a function p(V,T), and similarly for the other variables. Occasionally, it is desirable to select V and E as independent variables rather than V and T, and to define the functions. The concern of this paper will be with the relationship between the two functions p(V,E) and T(V,E) since these have considerable utility. Two illustrative cases will be examined, namely, that of a "perfect gas" and that of a model representing a real substance.

This paper is concerned with the spectral theory of closed operators in Hilbert space determined by the Laplace operator and certain general boundary conditions. Using the method of J.W. Calkin, we treat the case of a bounded domain in E(m) with C(1,1) boundary, and, in addition, extend the method to cover the case for which the operator L in the boundary condition is not necessarily self-adjoint. It is shown that there exists an appropriate linear close of functions [formula] such that the operator in the Hilbert space [formula] and [formula] is self-adjoint. In potential theoretic terms it is the set of all sums p + h, where p is the potential due to a charge g in G and h is the potential due to a surface charge f on ∂G and h is a potential due to a surface charge f on G, where g and f are, respectively, square integrable over G and ∂G

An exact treatment of the structure of tracks in nuclear research emulsion recently was attempted with some success. Many of the proofs also appear to be generally valid for bubble tracks in Wilson chambers. This is a summary of the results that are applicable to tracks of charged particles in bubble chambers.

The statistical behavior of measured track quantities, gap density, gap length coefficient, and lacunarity is studied. The transformations which give the expectation values of track quantities on inclined tracks are then found.

Abstract. The Tory II-A reactor is a small, air cooled, high power-density reactor which is to operate at quite high temperatures. Design of the reactor is essentially complete. First operation is scheduled for late 1960 at the Nevada Test Site of the Atomic Energy Commission. Since the reactor is unshielded, the control room which houses the recording and indicting equipment is located approximately two miles from the test bunker. Signals from reactor and facility transducers are amplified in the test bunker and transmitted by cable to the control point. The kinds of quantities measures include neutron flux level, temperatures, pressures, vibration amplitudes, strain and air mass flow rate. The recording and indicating system is centered around 258 channels of 1.5 cycle per second, pulse-width modulation tape recording equipment and 72 channels of 120 cps, analogue strip-chart records. In addition, there is a number of the usual meters, scalers and slow-response strip-chart recorders.

Introduction. The phase diagram data reported in this paper were obtained during an investigation of the beryllium-metal compounds of the titanium group transition elements. Several compounds in these systems had been previously reported but their compositions and structures were not all known. In the course of this study many details of the phase diagrams of the system were observed. Tentative diagrams consistent with this data will be presented.

The response of a two silicon p-n junction diodes has been measured for protons up to 13.3 Mev. In one case the dependence of depletion layer thickness with bias voltage was found to be T or V(0.46). The observed resolution, made up of contributions from crystal noise, beam width, and scatterer thickness, was about 1% for 9-Mev protons.

Abstract. A neutron diffraction crystal spectrometer with a resolution of 13 microseconds per meter and monochromatic beam intensity up to 10(4)n/cm(2)=sec in the range 0.012-0.400 ev has been constructed for study of the activation cross section of Be7 as a function of energy in the thermal region. First preliminary results using ZnS(Ag) as a detector suggest the possibility of a resonance for the Be7(n,p)Li7 reaction in the region of 0.025-0.050 ev.

The atomic beam magnetic-resonance method with separated oscillatory fields has been used to measure the hyperfine structure separation and magnetic dipole moment of the isotopes Rb85 and 18.6d Rb86 in the 2S1/2 electronic ground state. Observation of the separation of a [formula] doublet in the intermediate field region gives the value of the moment; the minimum value of the mean doublet frequency gives the value of [formula]. Observation of another [formula] doublet in low field also yields a value for [formula].

Introduction. With the development of fission and subsequently of thermonuclear explosives, a very large source of cheap energy has become available. The problem of using this energy for peaceful purposes safely and economically presents itself as one of the most interesting and important of our time. In explosions the energy is released very suddenly. Conversion of this sudden release of energy at extremely high temperature and pressure into the form of useful work, either mechanical or chemical or thermal, must be accomplished in order for such explosions to have nonmilitary uses. The technical feasibility of such conversions in a number of different instances will be described in this article. At the same time one must be able to control nuisance effects. Examples of these are seismic effects, the blast and heat which at least in the atmosphere always accompany such explosions, and the problem of radioactivity. Even given the technical feasibility of these accomplishments, which in some cases seems quite clear from what is known already, one must prove economic feasibility. That is to say, one must show that the cost of certain nonmilitary undertakings will be considerably less by the use of nuclear explosions than by conventional methods.

The Ising model, a system of atoms arranged on a lattice with simple nearest neighbor interactions, provides a more or less realistic description of many physical systems. The state of each atom is specified by a two-valued variable, which may be identified with: (1) its spin (up or down), if one wishes to describe a magnetic system; (2) its identity (A or B), if one wishes to describe a a mixture of two kinds of atoms; or (3) its presence or absence (atom or hole), if one is dealing with a lattice gas. In all three cases it is assumed that the energy of a configuration of the system, aside from the energy of interaction with external fields, is simply a sum of energies of nearest-neighbor pairs, the energy of a pair being zero if the two atoms are similar, and the sum if they are different. In describing the calculations, we shall use the terminology appropriate to (2), but the results will be general statements about the model.

Abstract: "Microwaves have been used for several years at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to study conditions in the magnetically contained plasmas of controlled fusion research. There are two basic microwave techniques. One gives information on electron density and distribution in the plasma, the other provides data on electron temperature. This paper briefly summarizes the established techniques, discusses engineering requirements and limitations, and describes some further applications of microwaves presently being considered."

Technical report describing the methods used for forming wave guides for installations of microwave diagnostic systems for use in Project Sherwood. A machine designed by the author is described along with details of its use.

The pion-pion interaction is of great theoretical importance and must be understood before the other and more familiar interactions can be systematically analyzed. Therefore, various experiments to verify the existence of a P resonance in the w w system are proposed.

The most important component required for the Astron experimental facility is a high energy, high current, pulsed electron accelerator. A thin cylindrical layer of high energy electrons trapped within an axially symmetric magnetic field is the key feature of the Astron thermonuclear device. The trapping magnetic field is constant in time. Therefore, it is not possible to inject electrons and trap the electrons in this field unless during the injection phase a part of the electron energy is absorbed by some friction process. This is accomplished by means of eddy currents generated on suitable passive circuits by the current of the injected electron bunch. This method has ben described elsewhere. However, in order to achieve an effective loss mechanism the current of the injected electron beam must be over one hundred amps. Such high current beams are difficult to handle except if the electron energy is high enough so that the electrostatic repulsive force is compensated to great extent by attractive magnetive forces. Hence the electron energy required is 5 Mev or higher. Other requirements on the electron layer yield the same result.

The following report describes the injection and trapping of high current electron beams in order to construct an electron gun and the first 2 Mev section of the accelerator.

The probabilities for nine electronic transitions among the low lying excited states in the C2 molecule are calculated by the dipole moment operator method and are given in the form of oscillator strength (or f values).