Report describing the first year of operations of the Multi-Effect Multi-Stage Flash Distillation Plant, known as the Senator Clair Engle Plant, in San Diego, California. A description of its organization, operations, and design are provided.

Report describing the various parameters operative in fabricating desalination membranes for the Reverse Osmosis Process and the mechanism of separation. The bulk of the membrane contains huge quantities of capillary water which permits the movement of water through the body of the membranes at extremely rapid rates, there being essentially no pressure drop in this portion of the membrane.

Report presenting experimental results for the washing of brine from beds of small plastic and glass beads, and from beds of ice particles prepared by partial freezing of brine. The data are analyzed in terms of a longitudinal-dispersion model which describes the blending of water and brine at the moving wash-water "front".

Report presenting a study to determine the feasibility of using acoustical energy to improve the economy of evaporator operation as related to saline water conservation. Some of the improvements to be sought are increased film heat transfer coefficients on the water side, possible promotion of dropwise condensation on the steam side, and reduced scale formation.

"For the past several years, the Rocketdyne Research Division has, under the sponsorship of the Office of Saline Water, engaged in a study of the application of electrochemical techniques to the demineralization of brackish water. Early work in this program was concerned with a mechanistic study of electrochemically induced demineralization at chemically treated carbon electrodes. The results of this study led to the development of a process called electrochemically controlled ion-exchange" (p. 2).

Report documenting the ongoing progress and economic concerns of Saline Water Conversion Demonstration Plant No. 1 in Freeport, Texas.

Report describing the MSF/VTEX Distillation Plants at the San Diego Test Facility of the Office of Saline Water for the purpose of advancing and developing the state of the art of flash distillation plants and thereby reducing the cost of seawater conversion.

Report containing plans for a desalination pilot plant for the purposes of evaluating the feasibility of reverse osmosis for the desalination of sea and brackish water with the capacity of 1,000 gallons of potable water produced per day.

Report covering the research and development work on the Koppers Hydrate Process as a means of desalting sea water. The process is a chemical one, in which a hydrating agent, such as propane or dichlorodifluoromethane, and water combine to form insoluble crystals. Most of the work was carried out in bench-scale equipment or laboratory research.

From Summary: "The design studies included conception of ideas, rough sketches, rating calculations, design and detail drawings sufficient for cost estimating purposes, and arrangement drawings. The final drawings are presented in the report."

Report demonstrating the technical feasibility of desalination by the Reverse Osmosis Process in a pilot plant cell containing 100 square feet of membrane area. A group of experimental tests are performed relating the desalination cell performance to the operating variables of brine flow rate, pressure, and brine concentration.

Report describing the first phase in a comprehensive study of the physical properties of sea water. This portion of the study includes the heat capacity measurements at one atmosphere constant pressure for sea water and its dilutions and concentrates.

Report presenting a study of a plant to produce 10,000,000 gallons per day of fresh water from sea water. The process used is direct freezing brought about by the evaporation of a hydrocarbon refrigerant in contact with sea water, washing the ice free of saline liquor, and melting the ice to potable water by the condensation of butane vapor.

A two-part report on saline water conversion, calculating a survey of mechanisms of sodium and chloride ion transport and the design of experiments for application to demineralizing saline waters and laboratory evaluation of the use of algae in saline water conversion.

Report presenting a study to evaluate the saline ground-water resources of the Rio Grande drainage basin of Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas for the potential application as feed water for desalting plants.

Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over studies conducted on reverse-osmosis plants. The results of the studies are presented and discussed. This report includes tables, and illustrations.

Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over the development of the secondary refrigerant freeze desalination process. The process is presented and discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over studies conducted on the reverse-osmosis program. The methods of desalination through osmosis are discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.

From Summary: "This report summarizes the down-flow heat transfer performance of enhanced surface tubes and operations at the four-effect Vertical Tube Evaporator Pilot Plant at the Office of Saline Water East Coast Test Station, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. The period from July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969 is covered in this report."

From Results: "Prior to stating results achieved, let us first discuss the measurements we were able to make, and how these measurements might--or might not--be indicative of the objective we strove to reach. Tables I and II, and related Figs. 11 and 12, show the best results obtained. Final Columns of Tables I and II are believed to show, at least to a degree, how good or how poor our best sputtered films turned out to be, compared with top-quality Peliter semiconductor materials."

"The major factors which influence the cost of water production from sea water by distillation methods are (1) the cost of fuel or energy required by the distilling plant, and (2) the required capital investment. Preliminary studies on the application of absorption or solution cycles to distillation methods for saline water conversion indicated that the fuel cost or thermal economy of a distillation plant could be improved by combining the distillation process with an absorption or solution cycle" (p. 1).

"This report presents the results of a study of the preliminary feasibility and economics of desalting brackish waters for municipal and industrial watter supply in candidate regions of West Texas" (p. ii).

Annual report discussing the activities and operation of the Senator Clair Engle Plant (CEP), a multi-effect multi-stage flash (MEMS) distillation plant for converting sea water, located in San Diego, California.

From foreward: "This is another of a series of reports designed to present accounts of progress on saline water conversion with the expectation that the exhange of such data will contribute to the long range development of economical processes applicable to large scale desalination plants for conversion of sea and other saline waters." This particular report describes various aspects of a demonstration plant in San Diego, California.