Report presenting accounts of testing saline water conversion and the economics thereof. This report covers the fifteenth and sixteenth Development Runs, which evaluated the following: the performance of the plant's double-fluted tube bundle and titanium tube bundle; the condensate handling-restrictions in the 5 effect module; a sump to sump brine transfer system modification; porcelain spray nozzles; enhanced surface tubes; and an oxygen scavenging system.

Report concerning the study of multiple designs of solar distillers with the goal of increasing the fresh water ouptut.

From Introduction: "This investigation was undertaken in order to obtain the appropriate property data for both binary and muticomponent salt solutions and to determine the usefulness of the simple Nernst-type equations, compared with more exact flux-driving force equations, for predicting species transport in molecular diffusion processes of importance in desalination research. The following sections present the details of the approaches taken to each of the tasks and the results derived from these investigations. Information less essential to the analysis of the results was included in the appendices."

From Introduction: "This report and the study which went into it form a part of the activities sponsored by the Office of Saline Water, U.S. Department of the Interior, in their accelerated program to develop large plants for the economical desalting of seawater."

Report issued by the Office of Saline Water over design studies for a 50 million gallon desalination plant. As stated in the introduction, "this report presents a conceptual design of a 50 MGD multistage flash plant and a conceptual design of a test module based on the 50 MGD plant design and proposed to demonstrate large plant design concepts. The report also includes a discussion of the more important engineering design studies employed in the development of the conceptual designs" (p. 1). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

From Abstract: "An experimental study was made to determine the flow rate of saturated water through short tubes of various lengths and diameters. Tubes of both rounded and sharp edge entrances were tested in the horizontal and vertical positions. Test results were analyzed and correlated."

From Summary: "This study has shown that waste heat sources are available at locations where salt or brackish water could be converted into fresh water by the utilization of waste heat."

Report investing the "effects of contaminated raw water supplies on conversion processes," and studying "potential technical and economic advantages of combination saline water and sewage effluent conversion plants" (p. 1).

Report documenting the ongoing progress and economic concerns of Saline Water Conversion Demonstration Plant No. 1 in Freeport, Texas.

From Introduction & Scope: "This study was undertaken for the Office of Saline Water to determine the optimum brine heater outlet temperature in single-purpose sea water conversion evaporators for several fuel costs, based on balancing the increased performance ratio possible with high-temperature operations against the increased cost of pressure vessels, corrosion protection, and scale control."

Report presenting some of the progress made in saline water conversion so that the data can contribute to the long-range development of economical processes applicable to large-scale, low-cost demineralization of sea and other saline water.

From Introduction and Summary and Conclusions: "The disposal of the effluents from large desalination plants has been studied for two years by the Dow Chemical Company and Texas A. & M. University under contract to the Office of Saline Water. Recommendations are presented on the type, frequency, and intensity of pre-plant oceanographic and biological surveys and of post-plant monitoring and verification surveys."

From Abstract: "This report contains the results of a 15-month study of the chemistry of mixed iconic extractant systems and their possible application to the recovery of by-products from desalination brines."

From Introduction: "This is the final report on a program of reverse osmosis research conducted for the Office of Saline Water, U.S. Department of the Interior, under Contract 14-01-0001-929. The purpose of the program was the development of larger spiral-wound reverse osmosis modules for economical application in large reverse osmosis systems."

Report examining the uses of concrete in evaporator-type desalting plants. Different types of concrete are evaluated, as well as structures, accessory coatings and sealants, reinforcement materials, and microstructures.

From Introduction: "This report includes the sixth segment of a continuing effort begun early in 1963. Purpose of the work is the scale-up of reverse osmosis from a laboratory curiosity to an economical system for the production of potable water from salty feeds."

Report documenting the ongoing research and developments undertaken at a pilot plant with five vertical-tube evaporators.

Report concerning the possible use of octafluorocyclobutane, R-C318, being used in the direct freezing process as a means of extracting fresh water from sea water. Topics include using R-C318 to make ice, flash precooling, design of a small direct freezing pilot plant using R-C318, and related economic studies.

Report describing the application of conventional cost experience to physical features of source of supply, treatment, pumping, transmission, distribution, and storage for community water supply sources. Some costs due to readily removable water quality characteristics like suspended solids, color, taste, and order are measurable, as are other conventional costs of operation and maintenance. Other costs related to an excess of dissolved solids, however, tend to be unknown and are the subject of this study.

Report evaluating the possibility of eliminating corrodible metallic heat transfer surfaces from sea water desalination streams, using direct-contact liquid-liquid heat transfer instead.

From Introduction: "The present project authorized under OSW Contract No. 14-01-0001-685 was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of controlling calcium sulfate scale by permission of condensate through graphite heat-transfer tubes. Specifically, the following tasks were accomplished during the course of this contract: Graphite tubes 108" long X 2" O.D. x 1 1/2" I.D. were manufactured at three permeability levels. A test apparatus was constructed and proved out as a useful and reliable probe. Tests were conducted at two brine concentrations. Some correlation of test considerations with scale formation was found. The economic practicality and the feasibility of using permeable tubes for desalinization were established."

Report containing a design study of a 250 million gallons per day desalination plant. Contains a description of the desalination process, information regarding the design's efficiency, estimated capital and production costs

Report investigating concrete for use in a sea water desalination plant. Concretes containing both natural and limestone aggregates were tested under the temperature, pressure, salinity, and structural stress conditions that could be expected in such a plant.

Report concerning "the development of techniques and mathematical models for an optimum design of a Vertical Tube Evaporator desalting plant." (p. 1)