Technical report outlining the progress of reactor completion and startup events by the Reactor Theory, Physics, Radioisotope Development, Geology, Meteorology, Waste Concentration, and Waste Disposal groups in the Reactor Science and Engineering Department of Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Technical report covering classified activities of the Department of Reactor Science and Engineering since its inception in January, 1949. This if focused on the research, evaluation, and redesign of the reactor as well as the tests on various reactor components and engineering design to correct structural defects as they have become evident through reactor use.

Technical report indicating the progress made in the first quarter of 1950 only for the classified projects in the Reactor Science and Engineering Department, including continuous processing breeder blanket studies, sub-critical experiments, and metallurgical experiments like fluid fuels, materials testing, reactor reconstruction, and reactor component testing and service.

The propagation of clonal varieties of some orchids is at times exasperatingly slow and occasionally an almost futile effort. Clonal multiplication is generally confined to dividing mature plants and to starting plants from pseudobulbs. There is, of course, the specialized technique for obtaining Phalaenopsis plantlets from the aseptic culture of inflorescence nodes, but this is basically the same thing as propagating plants from pseudobulbs. In certain cases it is highly desirable to rapidly multiply certain clones of orchids. Awarded varieties could thereby be dispersed with great rapidity where now it may take decades for some clones to became fairly common. Commercial flower production would be very much enhanced if certain desirable clones could be multiplied ad infinitum within a short time. Orchid flower production could then be placed more on a par with many of the other cut flowers and the clonal peculiarities of some of the current hybrids could be pampered instead of ignored. This paper describes a tissue culture method for the rapid propagation of Cymbidium clones

This report examines the "vitamin B12 binding capacity of leukocytes obtained from three normal subjects and 19 persons with various hematologic disorders."

Report issued by the Brookhaven National Laboratory discussing bulk grain irradiators. As stated in the abstract, "this report presents the results of a study to conceive, evaluate, review and estimate costs for a number of suitable designs for a Cobalt-60 Bulk Grain Irradiator; select a preferred type; and establish required criteria for future detail design and construction of the selected concept" (p. ii). This report includes tables, and illustrations.

The absorption bands induced in α-Al2O3 by gamma and reactor irradiation have been studied. The slight coloration due to γ-rays saturates. Bands specific to reactor irradiation have been found and their growth studied.

A method has been developed for the determination of cyanide in the presence of dilute ferrocyanide, in the concentration ratio Ferrocyanide/Cyanide = 100 - 200. The method consists essentially of adding ferric sulfate in concentrated H2SO4 to the solution containing cyanide in the presence of ferrocyanide and sparging the solution with air. The HCN is collected in dilute KOH and the resulting KCN solution then analyzed according to the method of Childe and Ball and Lecoq. While the accuracy of the method is only slightly better than ±10 percent, it does provide a means of determining micro-molar quantities of cyanide in the presence of ferro cyanide for which the test was developed.

Extracorporeal irradiation of the blood was prolonged for as long as 38 hours. Red cells are injured by the radiation dose. Hemolysis may commence after 28 hours presumably due to the irradiation. Utilizing extracorporeal irradiation of the blood combined with thoracic duct cannulation, one can measure minima for net lymphocyte input into the peripheral blood from all sources other than the thoracic duct. An unusual and new pathologic picture of lymph nodes and spleen has been produced by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood. Heparin mobilization of a large pool of lymphocytes into the blood directly and via the thoracic duct must be considered in all studies utilizing heparin as an anticoagulant. The lymphocytosis produced by this mobilization is suppressed by concurrent extracorporeal irradiation. The apparent quantitative destruction of the lymphocytes by extracorporeal irradiation of the blood may permit studies of lymphocytic function hitherto not possible by direct experimentation

This paper considers the duty of the physician to provide comfort and care for cancer patients and suggests four tenants for physicians to follow to assist with this: 1) No matter what the patient's condition, the physician shall be always available, even if only to listen and talk. 2) In spite of the ravages of cancer, the patient lives with it. 3.) The patient is an adult under guarantees of the constitution. and 4) The physician will always communicate with the patient. The paper ends with a discussion of the objectives for management of cancer patients.

Despite similar atomic arrangement, Brucite (Mg(OH)2) and phlogopite (KMg3(OH)2(Al,Si3)O10) present striking difference in their infrared spectra. A single absorption band is observed in phlogopite whence brucite possesses a total of 15 bands on both sides of the fundamental. A comparison of the hydroxides with micas provides supporting evidence that the complexity of the hydroxide spectra is due to interactions between neighboring hydroxyl groups. Each mineral contains a layer of magnesium ions possessing trigonal symmetry. Both minerals contain hydroxyl ion is located in such a way that it is in contract with three magnesium ions.

The high incidence of drought conditions in recent years has caused considerable concern among agriculturalists in eastern Long Island. A convenient method of computing soil moisture on a daily basis has therefore been sought in order to provide a quantitative estimate of present and past conditions.

Description of a computer program which optimizes the locations and strengths of magnets for experimental beams at the Brookhaven AGS written for the IBM 7090 computer. Layout, method, and routines are given particular attention, and representative data cards are shown.

A computer program which optimizes the locations and strengths of magnets in a beam transport system has been written for the IBM 704 and 7090 computers Programs have been previously written which trace a ray through a system of magnets and determine its focusing properties When using such a program, one examines the characteristics of the emergent beam and then varies the parameters of the system manually to optimize it In the program which will now be described, the computer itself performs the examination and varies the parameters.

Technical report describing the results of the chemical reaction between potassium amide and liquid ammonia and the exchange of hydrogen between hydrogen gas and liquid ammonia. This report finds that the reactions may be sufficiently rapid to be useful for isotope separations on a larger scale.

Technical report summarizing the waste problems of the Brookhaven National Laboratory site and the integration of projects constituting the need for intensive and extended research into the development of processes, equipment, and systems to dispose of this nuclear waste. This report also outlines the first session for the March 27-28, 1950 meeting of the Committee at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Technical report summarizing the waste problems of the Brookhaven National Laboratory site and solutions to problems of nuclear waste evaporation; outline of the second session for the March 27-28, 1950 meeting of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Waste Processing Committee at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

For momentum measurements in bubble chambers a magnetic field has to e provided. The following discussion summarizes approximate calculations to determine the necessary amounts of copper and iron for our projected 80" liquid hydrogen bubble chamber magnet. Without any refinements, the accuracy of momentum measurements is proportional to the square of the track length and therefore to the square of the linear dimension of the chamber. If the scale factor for the size of the chamber is λ, [equation not transcribed].

Technical report investigating the distribution of rare earth elements between a liquid bismuth-uranium solution and fused KCI-LiCi mixtures. Report warrants further research on the liquid bismuth-uranium-fused salt system due to the benefit of continuous fission removal processes.

An automatic delayed reactivity feedback based on exit coolant temperature is shown to lead to an increase in linear stability against xenon oscillations when the delay time is within a few percent of the free period of oscillation. Numerical calculations show that the stabilizing effect extends into the nonlinear range as well. It is shown that dead band control is spatially destabilizing if the dead band width is too small. A width of ± 5% is, however, found sufficient to avoid this form of instability for large changes in power demand.

The purpose of this report is to determine the amount of refrigeration capacity required to cool down the 80" bubble chamber from ambient temperature to liquid hydrogen temperature.

An additive mechanism of micro- and macro-convective heat transfer was formulated to represent boiling heat transfer with net vapor generation to saturated, non-metallic fluids in convective flow. The final equations are [equations not transcribed]. The second equation will be recognized as the Dittus-Boelter equation with the additional factor F. The two functions F and S are defined as [equations not transcribed] where Re is the effective Reynolds number for the two-phase fluid and ΔTe is the effective superheat for bubble growth. F and S were obtained as functions of the Martinelli parameter and the two-phase Reynolds number, respectively. The correlation was tested with available data for water and organic fluids. Data from different sources which could not be satisfactorily correlated by existing correlations were shown to be quite well correlated by the one presently proposed. The average deviation between calculated and measured boiling coefficients for all data points from nine experimental cases was ±11%

We consider the kinetic isotope effect in three center reactions of the type of A+BC→AB+C. Such model calculations are a good approximation to primary hydrogen isotope effects. For abstraction or transfer reactions, B becomes H, D, or T. The dynamics of the three storm system are calculated for a general quadratic potential, with the assumption that the potential energy is constant along the reaction coordinate (flat top barrier). This model system can be calculated in detail and serves to illustrate the relationship between kinetic isotope effect and chemical bonding in the transition state. The statistical mechanical part of the calculation can be carried out exactly within the framework transition state theory or in any one of a number of approximations. The γ bar method gives particularly good insight into the chemistry of the problem with a minimum of arithmetic.

Several methods of determining meteorite ages depend ages upon nuclides formed by cosmic ray interactions. The tactic assumption is always made that the intensity of cosmic radiation does not vary in time or space. However it is known that the intensity of cosmic radiation at the earth varies with the solar activity. The spectrum of cosmic ray protons and alpha particles exhibit a marked drop at the low energy end (<1.5 GeV) and the intensity in the region appears to follow the 11 year cycle of solar activity. The low energy cosmic rays increase in intensity with a decrease in solar activity. These changes in cosmic ray intensities are generally attributed to a modulation of the galactic cosmic radiation by the magnetic fields associated with the outward streaming solar material, the solar wind. One would therefore expect that the cosmic ray intensity several astronomical units from the sun is greater than the intensity at the earth's orbit, particularly at the low energy end of the spectrums.