We have decided to try pressure-moulding coathangers, and this is a report on the specifications and tolerances R. R. Rau and I have calculated

Since the end of the last century (Tarknow, 1896) radiation effect o the nervous tissue has been studied in experimental animals and humans by numerous investigators, using mostly pathomorphological changes as a parameter of radiosensitivity . With increasing time intervals following radiation, pathomorphological changes are more evident, which has been known for quite some time.

Numerous studies on the effects of radiation on the central nervous system used traditional pathomorphological changes as parameters of radiosensitivity, but pathogenesis and mechanisms of radiation injury to the nervous tissue are still little understood. Furthermore, the great discrepancy of dose requirement leading to physiological responses and on the other hand to pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system is not satisfactorily explained.

The ion Co(NH₃)₅Br⁺⁺, labeled with radioactive recoil cobalt or bromine, has been produced in crystals of Co(NH₃)₆Br₃ by five different nuclear transformations. Thermal and radiation annealing reactions of this ion and others formed by recoil have been studied as a function of temperature and the results interpreted in terms of a model which postulates an electron donor-acceptor mechanism. Certain of the experiments yield results which tend to confirm the Varley mechanism for the production of interstitial atoms.

Future detection techniques will be determined by the future trends in experiments and accelerators which will certainly be characterized by either higher energy or higher intensity, or both. Basing on current developments in the high energy field and the experimental requirements for the future as can be foreseen now, we can examine the three main categories of detection methods listed below: 1) Bubble chamber 2) Spark chamber 3) Counter systems.

Brookhaven has sponsored a summer program to study possible experimentation with super-high-energy accelerators of ~ 1000 BeV and to examine the feasibility of colliding beam experiments. A group of about fifty physicists took part in this study program. These investigations are a continuation and supplementary to our previous studies at Brookhaven about two years ago.

In the vast field of radiation pathology we find pathologists, anatomists, and even physiologists busily at work, but the radiobiologist is conspicuously absent, although, according to Zirkle (1959), this field is clearly within his domain. Perhaps it is wise to take this broad hint of the scientifically so well equipped radiobiologist and to stay clear from an area in which an incalculable array of variables makes clearcut experimentation a hopeless venture, a priori. Perhaps it would be better if the pathologist, who must study pertinent material, restricts himself humbly to the recording of his observations, refraining from any attempt at interpretation. On the other hand, since seemingly audacious speculation has borne fruit in the past and the value of the information that results, if the speculation proves to be correct, is worth many times the effort, there is obvious justification for a thesis on the mechanism of delayed radionecrosis.

Electron microscopy is invaluable in determining the organization of the bacterial cell. In Fig. 1 we see an electron micrograph of a thin section of a single cell of Escherichia coli. There are three prominent regions: (1) the bacterial membrane, (2) the centrally located sparse region in which thin fibrils of DNA are located, and (3) the main body of the cell with densely packed particles. All the particles in the latter area are probably ribosomes. This paper will focus attention on the structure and function of ribosomes and nucleic acids directly involved in the protein synthesis in E. coli. In fig. 2 a cell segment containing ribosomes is compared with a purified preparation of 70 Svedberg (S) and 100S ribosomes at the same magnification. Most ribosomes in the bacterium are similar in size to the 70S ribosome: further work on this point is in progress.

The work of the BNL Waste Processing Development Project has been concerned with developing means to accomplish three main objectives in handling radiochemical wastes. One is to reduce the corrosiveness of the waste. At present some wastes must be stored in SS vessels at high cost, since other tankage would not resist corrosion for any length of time. Hanford has solved a part of this problem by storing a neutralized or alkaline waste which can be contained more cheaply in 1020 steel vessels, although neutralization increases its total volume 50 percent over the original acid solution volume. Another aim in waste disposal is to reduce the mobility of the water. Although equipment is checked and double checked, and corrosion resistance is assured by extra thick-walled vessels, the possibility exists that a leak in such storage tanks may develop. At such times the solution may be carried by ground water into populated areas, whereas a relatively immobile waste would remain a local problem. A third and very important consideration is a desirable reduction in total waste volume. Since costs of waste storage are propositional to the volume stored, any reduction in total volume will reduce the total cost.

The mechanism whereby insulin lowers the blood glucose concentration is currently under extensive investigation. Despite the general agreement that the addition of insulin increases glucose uptake by various isolated tissues, the question has been raised whether administered insulin produces its blood sugar lowering effect in vivo primarily in increasing glucose uptake. Furthermore, it has been suggested that physiologically-released insulin may not exert the same effects as are produced by administered insulin. Attention has also been focused on whether insulin (exogenous or endogenous) exerts its action mainly or entirely on the liver and to what extent insulin influences glucose uptake and glucose production by the liver. The studies to be reported are a continuation of earlier work and are concerned with the effects of insulin, both exogenous and endogenous, on glucose utilization by the tissues and glucose production by the liver under various dietary condition in the unanethetized, intact dog, using C¹⁴ glucose.

Earlier studies concerned with the influence of various hormones on carbohydrate metabolism in the dog were presented to this Conference in 1952. These studies dealt with the effects of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy, and of regimens of anterior pituitary and adrenal hormones. Observations of changes in blood glucose concentration brought about by the administration of insulin, a glucose load, or of a epinephrine played a major part in this earlier work.

Like all fundamentally sound ideas, the electric tape described by Stanley E. Norris is capable of modification to most local conditions and special problems. This note is a report on two such modifications.

For momentum measurements in bubble chambers a magnetic field has to e provided. The following discussion summarizes approximate calculations to determine the necessary amounts of copper and iron for our projected 80" liquid hydrogen bubble chamber magnet. Without any refinements, the accuracy of momentum measurements is proportional to the square of the track length and therefore to the square of the linear dimension of the chamber. If the scale factor for the size of the chamber is λ, [equation not transcribed].

On the basis of measurements made upon analogues of the proposed magnet, it was decided that the distribution of ampere-turns between the two exciting coils should be in a ratio of about 1:33:1. This distribution is expected to minimize the variation of the magnetic field intensity over the depth. of the chamber. Simplicity of construction demands that there be an integral number of turns in each layer of conductors. If no water connections are to be made at the inside of the coils, each coil must contain an even integral number of layers.