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Development of an extended-burnup Mark B design. First semi-annual progress report, July-December 1978. Report BAW-1532-1. [PWR]
The primary objective of this program is to develop and demonstrate an improved PWR fuel assembly design capable of batch average burnups of 45,000-50,000 MWd/mtU. To accomplish this, a number of technical areas must be investigated to verify acceptable extended-burnup fuel performance. This report is the first semi-annual progress report for the program, and it describes work performed during the July-December 1978 time period. Efforts during this period included the definition of a preliminary design for a high-burnup fuel rod, physics analyses of extended-burnup fuel cycles, studies of the physics characteristics of changes in fuel assembly metal-to-water ratios, and development of a design concept for post-irradiation examination equipment to be utilized in examining high-burnup lead-test assemblies.
Date:
October 1, 1979
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance estimates for personnel access control systems
Current performance estimates for personnel access control systems use estimates of Type I and Type II verification errors. A system performance equation which addresses normal operation, the insider, and outside adversary attack is developed. Examination of this equation reveals the inadequacy of classical Type I and II error evaluations which require detailed knowledge of the adversary threat scenario for each specific installation. Consequently, new performance measures which are consistent with the performance equation and independent of the threat are developed as an aid in selecting personnel access control systems.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Bradley, R. G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of passive electronic components for instrumentation of improved geothermal logging tools and components. Annual progress report
Short term objectives for well-logging instrumentation are circuits which can operate at temperatures in the range 275/sup 0/C to 350/sup 0/C; the medium term goal is operation up to 500/sup 0/C, and the long term goal is to achieve operation at 1000/sup 0/C. It is apparent that useful electronic circuits will require the combination of both passive components and active devices. In order to meet the compatibility requirements, the basic technology which has been selected in this project is the chemical vapor deposition of metal interconnections, resistor material, dielectric material and passivating material. It is to be emphasized that this is a thin-film, not thick-film, technology which is compatible with the processing methods used in fabricating either semiconductor or integrated thermionic devices, and produces components which are electrically compatible with those devices. The investigation in this project is primarily directed toward tungsten metallization, tungsten-silicon resistors, and silicon nitride dielectric and passivation.
Date:
October 20, 1977
Creator:
Raymond, L.S.; Hamilton, D.J. & Kerwin, W.J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION SUMMARY REPORT, JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, 1961
Development activities are reported on pyrometallurgical processes including melt refining and those using liquid metal solvents. Development of processing facilities for EBR II is also reported. In other work, laboratory- and engineering-scale investigations on fluoride volatility processes were condueted, and conversion of UF/sub 6/ to UO/sub 2/ was studied. Investigations are also reported concerning the kinetics of metal ignition and oxidation, and metalwater reactions. In work associated with reactor chemistry, data on nuclear constants are reported and developments in thermoelectricity and reactor decontamination are described. (J.R.D.)
Date:
October 31, 1962
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Investigations of CuInSe sub 2 Thin Films and Contacts
This report describes research into electrical contacts for copper indium diselenide (CuInSe{sub 2}) polycrystalline thin films used for solar cell applications. Molybdenum contacts have historically been the most promising for heterojunction solar cells. This program studied contact stability by investigating thermally induced bilayer reactions between molybdenum and copper, indium, and selenium. Because selenization is widely used to fabricate CuInSe{sub 2} thin films for photovoltaic cells, a second part of the program investigated how the morphologies, phases, and reactions of pre-selenization Cu-In structures are affected by the deposition process and heat treatments. 7 refs., 6 figs.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Nicolet, M. A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
CORE A CRITICAL STUDIES FOR THE ENRICO FERMI ATOMIC POWER PLANT ON ZPR-III
A critical studies program for the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant was run with the ZPR-III fast critical facility. The objectives of this program included determination of the U enrichment required for criticality, the effect of minor variations in core and blanket composition, reactivity coefficients, control and safety rod characteristics, power distribution, spectral indices, and the reactivity worth and wave shape of the oscillator rod. The experimental program was separated into two phases. The first phase involved investigatlona of a clean assembly, which was a simplified and homogenized core and blanket geometry constructed for ease of experimental manipulation and analysis. The second phase involved experiments on the engineered, or as-designed, core. This assembly included such engineering details as control and safety rod channels, core end gaps, and a precise reconstruction of the core outline. This provided detailed information on worths of control rods and fuel subassemblies, power distribution, and the effect of variations in core and end-gap dimensions. The application of critical experiment data to the determination of the Enrico Fermi reactor characteristics has established the U/sup 235/ enrichment for the fuel alloy, worths of fuel subassemblies, and the B/sup 10/ enrichment for the control and safety rods. In addition, …
Date:
October 1, 1962
Creator:
Branyan, C.E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
New generation of arc and arc filament power supplies for pulsed neutral beams
The new Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) facility at LLL requires that neutral beams operate for pulse lengths between 25 and 100 ms. The inevitable increase in cost over the present 12-ms pulse length capability dictated that a more economical alternative to the pulse forming networks and the transformer-type arc filament power supplies currently in use be found. A study of the various alternatives and design requirements revealed that battery banks are the most economical alternative. The thermionic arc filaments have relatively simple power-supply requirements in terms of control and regulation. The battery arc filament power supply controls and electromechanical hardware heat the filaments to provide the electrons which produce the plasma. Component testing revealed problems that must be addressed in the finished production design. The battery arc power supply poses a difficult set of requirements for current control. The TMX requires current control accuracy of +-1.0 percent and rise/fall times of 50 ..mu..s. These requirements are met with a novel thyristor switching circuit. The features of the four-section battery bank design, capable of a total of 4000 A at 58 V dc, are detailed. Control hardware compatible with the current generation of pulse-forming network hardware has been developed. The cost …
Date:
October 3, 1977
Creator:
Santamaria, G.T.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Basic linear algebra subprograms for FORTRAN usage. [BLAS, in FORTRAN and assembly language for IBM 360/67, CDC 6600 and 7600, and Univac 1108]
A package of 38 low-level subprograms for many of the basic operations of numerical linear algebra is presented. The package is intended to be used with FORTRAN. The operations in the package are dot products, elementary vector operations, Givens transformations, vector copy and swap, vector norms, vector scaling, and the indices of components of largest magnitude. The subprograms and a test driver are available in portable FORTRAN. Versions of the subprograms are also provided in assembly language for the IBM 360/67, the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600, and the Univac 1108.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Lawson, C.L.; Hanson, R.J.; Kincaid, D.R. & Krogh, F.T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FEMWATER: a finite-element model of water flow through saturated-unsaturated porous media
Upon examining the Water Movement Through Saturated-Unsaturated Porous Media: A Finite-Element Galerkin Model, it was felt that the model should be modified and expanded. The modification is made in calculating the flow field in a manner consistent with the finite element approach, in evaluating the moisture-content increasing rate within the region of interest, and in numerically computing the nonlinear terms. With these modifications, the flow field is continuous everywhere in the flow regime, including element boundaries and nodal points, and the mass loss through boundaries is much reduced. Expansion is made to include four additional numerical schemes which would be more appropriate for many situations. Also, to save computer storage, all arrays pertaining to the boundary condition information are compressed to smaller dimension, and to ease the treatment of different problems, all arrays are variably dimensioned in all subroutines. This report is intended to document these efforts. In addition, in the derivation of finite-element equations, matrix component representation is used, which is believed more readable than the matrix representation in its entirety. Two identical sample problems are simulated to show the difference between the original and revised models.
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Yeh, G.T. & Ward, D.S.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on human genetics in Iceland. Progress report
Records of the Icelandic Population are being used to investigate the possible inheritance of disabilities and diseases as well as other characters and the effect of environment on man. The progress report of research covers the period 1977 to 1980. The investigation was begun in 1965 by the Genetical Committee of the University of Iceland and the materials used are demographic records from the year 1840 to present and various medical information. The records are being computerized and linked together to make them effective for use in hereditary studies.
Date:
October 31, 1980
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Survey of selected agencies conducted to determine the extent to which the nation's coals are adequately characterized
A survey was conducted to determine the extent to which the nation's coals were adequately characterized. Questionnaires were sent to 81 agencies in the coal community selected to form a representative cross section of the organizations concerned with coal characterization. Fifty-nine completed questionnaires were received. Respondents included representatives of the agencies with the longest experience in characterization and those in the best position to know the status of our knowledge of the composition and properties of the coals comprising the country's coal fields. Analysis of the responses to the questionnaire resulted in the following conclusions: The nation's coals are inadequately characterized for their efficient and effective use, particularly in relation to coal conversion technology and maintaining environmental quality; the number of agencies conducting coal characterization programs is too small to meet the nation's needs within the time frame required; and the scope of coal characterization programs should be expanded to develop a broader spectrum of basic compositional and performance data.
Date:
October 1, 1977
Creator:
Hower, J. M.; Davis, A.; Dolsen, C. P. & Spackman, W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Light-Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit Safety Analysis Report (LWRHU-SAR). Volume I. A. Introduction and executive summary. B. Reference Design Document (RDD)
The orbiter and probe portions of the NASA Galileo spacecraft contain components which require auxiliary heat during the mission. To meet these needs, the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Special Nuclear Projects (OSNP) has sponsored the design, fabrication, and testing of a one-watt encapsulated plutonium dioxide-fueled thermal heater named the Light-Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (LWRHU). This report addresses the radiological risks which might be encountered by people both at the launch area and worldwide should postulate mission failures or malfunctions occur, which would result in the release of the LWRHUs to the environment. Included are data from the design, mission descriptions, postulated accidents with their consequences, test data, and the derived source terms and personnel exposures for the various events.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Johnson, E. W.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
High resolution x-ray crystal spectrographs
Observation of x-ray line emissions are valuable for determining the thermodynamic state of the emitting plasma. For laser produced plasmas, diffraction crystals can be used to isolate x-ray monochromes to obtain high resolution spectral measurements. We will describe a versatile multi-crystal high resolution spectrograph used for photon energies from 0.5 to 6 keV. We will discuss a calculational package that tunes the response and sensitivity of the instrument and estimates the effect of source extent on spectral resolution. A scheme using fine slits to obtain spatial resolution with the basic instrument will also be described. An instrument is being built for Shiva diagnostics that incorporates a diffraction crystal and an x-ray streak camera. The design rationale for the crystal stage will be discussed.
Date:
October 21, 1977
Creator:
Koppel, L. N. & Eckels, J. D.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Pacific Northwest Laboratory Monthly Activities Report for January 1967.
None
Date:
October 31, 1969
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF CLAD UO$sub 2$ IN POTENTIAL MELTDOWN ENVIRONMENTS.
Behavior of zirconium alloy clad UO{sub 2} fuel elements in steam and air at 100 deg C to the melting point of UO{sub 2} was studied. Heating tests of Zircaloy-4 tubes with internal pressure show that steam oxidation of the metal results in lower deformation rates, less deformation, and higher failure temperature. Air oxidation of Zircaloy-4 is erratic and occurs at a greater rate than in steam due to the reaction with N in the air. Rate-controlling mechanism for UO{sub 2} oxidation by steam is the diffusion of O through UO{sub 2+x} lattice. The air oxidation rate of 304 stainless steel is about 10{sup 3} times less than the rate in steam up to 1370 deg C due to excess CR{sub 2}O{sub 3} film formation. During steam oxidation, the film provides less protection because of its spinel structure. Tensile strength of annealed 304 L decreased from 0.66 kg/mm{sup 2} at room temperature to 0.86 kg/mm{sup 2} at 1375 deg C. Thermal conductivity increased with temperature. The spectral emittance of Zircaloy-4 varied. Solution of O in the metal during prolonged heating caused spectral and total emittance to approach the values of the unoxidized metal. (F.S.)
Date:
October 31, 1969
Creator:
White, J.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
SNAP Radioisotope Space Programs Quarterly Progress Report No. 9, October 1 Through December 31, 1961
All Phase I and Phase II testing was completed. Both launches of Phase I were successful, neither Phase II launches were successful. Test data recovered on Phase I launchings included optical coverage of re-entry and the trajectory and weather data; no telemetry canister temperature data were obtained. No test data were obtained on Phase II experiments. Reduction of Phase I test data was begun. The Phase II (Sub-subtask 7.3.2) was terminated December 20, 1961, when no test data were recovered for comparison with the analytically predicted results. The Sub-subtask 7.3.3 program (Generator Re-entry Burnup Study) was completed and terminated December 29, 1961. The study objectives were met. The Sub-subtask 7.3.4 program (High Altitude Sampling) was terminated when it was completed November 30, 1961. All study objectives were met. Topical reports were prepared on Sub-subtasks on the work performed in the reporting period that was not included in the topical reports is included. Checkout and troubleshooting operations on the last two subroutines and main radioisotope shielding code were completed. Results from several runs of a simple check problem compared well with published data. (auth)
Date:
October 31, 1962
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Summary of HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) benchmark data from the high temperature lattice test reactor
The High Temperature Lattice Test Reactor (HTLTR) was a unique critical facility specifically built and operated to measure variations in neutronic characteristics of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) lattices at temperatures up to 1000{degree}C. The Los Alamos National Laboratory commissioned Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) to prepare this summary reference report on the HTLTR benchmark data and its associated documentation. In the initial stages of the program, the principle of the measurement of k{sub {infinity}} using the unpoisoned technique (developed by R.E. Heineman of PNL) was subjected to extensive peer review within PNL and the General Atomic Company. A number of experiments were conducted at PNL in the Physical Constants Testing Reactor (PCTR) using both the unpoisoned technique and the well-established null reactivity technique that substantiated the equivalence of the measurements by direct comparison. Records of all data from fuel fabrication, the reactor experiments, and the analytical results were compiled and maintained to meet applicable quality assurance standards in place at PNL. Sensitivity of comparisons between measured and calculated k{sub {infinity}}(T) data for various HTGR lattices to changes in neutron cross section data, graphite scattering kernel models, and fuel block loading variations, were analyzed by PNL for the Electric Power …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Newman, D.F.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE RELEASE OF Kr$sup 85$ FROM UO$sub 2$ IN ORR CAPSULES
In an attempt to determine the validity of the method of predicting the release of fission gases from U0/sub 2/ suggested recently by Cottrell et al., a series of calculations were made of the expected release of Kr/sup 85/ from prototype Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor (EGCR) fuel capsule irradiated in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR). The computed values were then compared with measured values of the per cent Kr/sup 85/ released. In the calculations, the thermal conductivity of the U0/sub 2/ was assumed to be 0.028 w/cm- deg C in the temperature range from 700 to 1600 deg C, and in the absence of a precise knowledge of the helium gap, the cases of a 3-mil helium gas and no gap were treated. Values of the release-rate parameter (D) were estimated from BET surface areas of the U0/sub 2/ pellets. Results showed that the measured values of the per cent Kr/sup 85/ released generally fell within or close to the limits set by the 3-mil helium gap and no gap conditions. There was also a definite correlation between the measured values and the 3-mil gap condition when the clad temperature was about 700 deg C. When the clad temperature was …
Date:
October 1, 1961
Creator:
Scott, J.L.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cationically polymerizable monomers derived from renewable sources
The objective of this project is to make use of products obtained from renewable plant sources as monomers for the direct production of polymers which can be used for a wide range of plastic applications. In this report is described progress in the synthesis and polymerization of cationically polymerizable monomers and oligomers derived from botanical oils, terpenes, natural rubber, and lignin. Nine different botanical oils were obtained from various sources, characterized and then epoxidized. Their photopolymerization was carried out using cationic photoinitiators and the mechanical properties of the resulting polymers characterized. Preliminary biodegradation studies are being conducted on the photopolymerized films from several of these oils. Limonene was cationically polymerized to give dimers and the dimers epoxidized to yield highly reactive monomers suitable for coatings, inks and adhesives. The direct phase transfer epoxidation of squalene and natural rubber was carried out. The modified rubbers undergo facile photocrosslinking in the presence of onium salts to give crosslinked elastomers. 12 refs., 3 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
October 1, 1991
Creator:
Crivello, J. V.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Raft River Geothermal Exploratory Hole No. 1 (RRGE-1). Completion report
None
Date:
October 1, 1975
Creator:
unknown
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Comparison of solar pond concepts for electrical power generation
The objectives of this study were to: (1) Identify the various solar pond concepts for electric power generation, including but not limited to: (a) nonconvective salt gradient solar pond, (b) ponds with various plastic or other membranes at suitable locations to minimize or eliminate convection, (c) ponds which are totally or partially gelled to reduce or eliminate convection, and (d) shallow convecting ponds; (2) analyze and compare the performance of these various concepts; and (3) estimate the pond cost and overall power plant system cost for each concept assuming the nonconvective gradient salt pond as the base case. The approach includes a preliminary design of several power plant systems based on solar pond concepts, and performance and economic evaluation based on these preliminary designs. (WDM)
Date:
October 1, 1975
Creator:
Drumheller, K.; Duffy, J. B.; Harling, O. K.; Knutsen, C. A.; McKinnon, M. A.; Peterson, P. L. et al.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Characterization of radioactive ion exchange media waste generated at Three Mile Island
The March 1979 accident at General Public Utilities Nuclear Corporation (GPUNC) Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Station Unit 2 (TMI-2), resulted in the transfer of more than 1100 m/sup 3/ of contaminated water to the auxiliary and fuel handling building. The principal sources of the water were the makeup and letdown purification system and the containment building sump. The contaminated water was processed through an ion exchange system designated as EPICOR II. The EPICOR-II System is a three-stage process. The contaminated water passes through a first stage of ion exchange media, designated as prefilters, and then through the second and third stages, designated as demineralizers. The majority of the activity was deposited in the first-stage prefilters, which have a maximum administrative loading limit of 1300 curies. The predominant radionuclides present in the prefilters are cesium and strontium.
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Runion, T. C.; Holzworth, R. E.; Ogle, R. E.; Burton, H. M. & Bixby, W. W.
Object Type:
Article
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Three novel tokamak plasma regimes in TFTR
Aside from extending ''standard'' ohmic and neutral beam heating studies to advanced plasma parameters, TFTR has encountered a number of special plasma regimes that have the potential to shed new light on the physics of tokamak confinement and the optimal design of future D-T facilities: (1) High-powered, neutral beam heating at low plasma densities can maintain a highly reactive hot-ion population (with quasi-steady-state beam fueling and current drive) in a tokamak configuration of modest bulk-plasma confinement requirements. (2) Plasma displacement away from limiter contact lends itself to clarification of the role of edge-plasma recycling and radiation cooling within the overall pattern of tokamak heat flow. (3) Noncentral auxiliary heating (with a ''hollow'' power-deposition profile) should serve to raise the central tokamak plasma temperature without deterioration of central region confinement, thus facilitating the study of alpha-heating effects in TFTR. The experimental results of regime (3) support the theory that tokamak profile consistency is related to resistive kink stability and that the global energy confinement time is determined by transport properties of the plasma edge region.
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Furth, H.P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Theoretical study of the structure, energetics, and dynamics of silicon and carbon systems using tight-binding approaches
Semiempirical interatomic potentials are developed for silicon and carbon by modeling the total energy of the system using tight-binding approaches. The parameters of the models were obtained by fitting to results from accurate first-principles Local Density Functional calculations. Applications to the computation of phonons as a function of volume for diamond-structured silicon and carbon and the thermal expansions for silicon and diamond yields results which agree well with experiment. The physical origin of the negative thermal expansion observed in silicon is explained. A tight-binding total energy model is generated capable of describing carbon systems with a variety of atomic coordinations and topologies. The model reproduces the total energy versus volume curves of various carbon polytypes as well as phonons and elastic constants of diamond and graphite. The model has also been used in the molecular-dynamics simulation of the properties of carbon clusters. The calculated ground-state geometries of small clusters (C{sub 2}--C{sub 10}) correlates well with results from accurate quantum chemical calculations, and the structural trend of clusters from C{sub 2} to C{sub 60} are investigated. 67 refs., 19 figs.
Date:
October 25, 1991
Creator:
Xu, Chunhui.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library