Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: Overview and Characteristics (open access)

Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: Overview and Characteristics

Each fiscal year, Congress appropriates funds for grants to state and local governments to further national goals and assist sub-national governments. Examples of goals include attaining minimum national standards and improving program effectiveness. The federal government provides grants for numerous substantive purposes, such as crime prevention, community development, and transportation. In 1999, grants-in-aid to state and local governments totaled $270 billion. Grants can be classified by the substantive purposes they address. This report, however, reviews the fundamental characteristics according to which they can also be classified. Examples of grant characteristics include range of eligible activities, objectives, award process, and administrative requirements.
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Canada, Ben
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Commemorative Observances: A Chronological List (open access)

Commemorative Observances: A Chronological List

Historically, national commemorative observances were recommended by Congress through the legislative process. This practice was discontinued by the House of Representatives in January 1995, although the Senate continues to issue sense of the Senate resolutions recommending the establishment of commemoratives. It has now become standard practice for special observances to be designated by a proclamation issued by the President. This report is a chronological list of these proclamations for 1997 and 1998, indicating the proclamation number and its Federal Register citation
Date: September 7, 2004
Creator: Fischer, Hannah
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Defense Acquisition Reform: Status and Current Issues (open access)

Defense Acquisition Reform: Status and Current Issues

The end of the Cold War and its impact on defense spending has created a strong need to reform Department of Defense’s (DOD) acquisition system. With procurement spending down, DOD expects to depend on savings from acquisition reform to help finance future force modernization. Policymakers believe that DOD should use more commercial products because, in many instances, they cost less and their quality is comparable to products built according to DOD military specifications. Many such reform proposals are based on recognition that DOD regulatory barriers and a Cold War acquisition “culture” have inhibited the introduction of commercial products.
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
National Missile Defense: Issues for Congress (open access)

National Missile Defense: Issues for Congress

None
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Hildreth, Steven A. & Woolf, Amy F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring (open access)

Electricity: The Road Toward Restructuring

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA) and the Federal Power Act (FPA) were enacted to eliminate unfair practices and other abuses by electricity and gas holding companies by requiring federal control and regulation of interstate public utility holding companies. Comprehensive energy legislation has passed the House and Senate. The House passed H.R. 6 on April 11, 2003. On July 31, 2003, the Senate suspended debate on S. 14, inserted the text of H.R. 4 (107th Congress) as a substitute, and passed H.R. 6. A conference agreement was reached November 17, 2003, and passed by the House the next day. H.R. 6 includes an electricity title that would, in part, repeal PUHCA, would prospectively repeal the mandatory purchase requirement under PURPA, and would create an electric reliability organization. On June 15, 2004, H.R. 4503, a comprehensive energy policy bill, passed the House.
Date: September 7, 2001
Creator: Abel, Amy & Parker, Larry
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports (open access)

Space Launch Vehicles: Government Activities, Commercial Competition, and Satellite Exports

None
Date: September 7, 2001
Creator: Smith, Marcia S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Vietnam Trade Agreement: Approval and Implementing Procedure (open access)

Vietnam Trade Agreement: Approval and Implementing Procedure

None
Date: September 7, 2001
Creator: Pregelj, Vladimir N.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Strategic Petroleum Reserve (open access)

Strategic Petroleum Reserve

None
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Bamberger, Robert L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief (open access)

Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Hurricane Katrina Relief

This CRS report summarizes federal disaster assistance funding legislation in the 109th Congress and presents some information on federal expenditures and obligations for disaster recovery activities.
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Lake, Jennifer E. & Chite, Ralph M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Global Climate Change (open access)

Global Climate Change

This report briefly reviews the status f climate science, international negotiations, and congressional activity focused specifically on climate change
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Justus, John R. & Fletcher, Susan R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Survey of Federal Laws and Regulations Mandating Affirmative Action Goals, Set-asides, or Other Preference Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity (open access)

Survey of Federal Laws and Regulations Mandating Affirmative Action Goals, Set-asides, or Other Preference Based on Race, Gender, or Ethnicity

This report provides a broad but by no means an exhaustive, survey of federal statutes and regulations that specifically refer to race, gender, or ethnicity as factors to be considered in the administration of any federal program. Such measures may include, but are not limited to, goals, timetables, set-asides, and quotas, as those terms are generally (however imperfectly) understood. Based on several searches of LEXIS/NEXIS and WESTLAW legal databases, and a variety of search strategies, the compilation seeks to be as comprehensive as possible. With certain noted exceptions, the report collectively describes those statutes, regulations, or executive orders uncovered by our research which appear, in any manner, to prefer or consider race, gender, or ethnicity as affirmative factors in federal employment, in the allocation of federal contracts, or in granting any federal benefit to individuals or institutions. Several laws and regulations directed to “socially and economically disadvantaged” individuals and institutions are included because, as more fully explained by the report, that term has been defined administratively and by statute to presumptively apply to specific racial and ethnic minorities.
Date: September 7, 2004
Creator: Dale, Charles V. & Foley, Cassandra
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Hurricane Katrina: Fishing and Aquaculture Industries - Damage and Recovery (open access)

Hurricane Katrina: Fishing and Aquaculture Industries - Damage and Recovery

This report summarizes damage assessments and recovery efforts, with initial reports primarily anecdotal until more accurate assessments become available.
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Buck, Eugene H.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Mandatory Funding for Agriculture Conservation Programs (open access)

Mandatory Funding for Agriculture Conservation Programs

The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 authorized large increases in mandatory funding for several agricultural conservation programs. Since FY2002, Congress has acted, through the appropriations process, to limit funding for some of these programs below authorized levels. It limited funding for all these programs, combined, to 97.6% of the authorized total in FY2003, 93.1% in FY2004, and 89.5% in FY2005. Program supporters decry these growing reductions as changes that increasingly compromise the intent of the farm bill. Others counter that, even with these reductions, funding for these programs continues to grow, from almost $3.1 billion in FY2003 to more than $3.8 billion in FY2005. This report reviews the funding history of these programs since the 2002 farm bill was enacted. It will be updated periodically
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Zinn, Jeffrey A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Organization and Mission of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate: Issues and Options for the 109th Congress (open access)

Organization and Mission of the Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate: Issues and Options for the 109th Congress

None
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Bea, Keith
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Selected Opinions of Chief Justice Rehnquist (open access)

Selected Opinions of Chief Justice Rehnquist

None
Date: September 7, 2005
Creator: Thomas, Kenneth R. & Tatelman, Todd B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Webster-Heise Valve: A Significant Improvement in the Internal Combustion Engine and Its Fuels? (open access)

The Webster-Heise Valve: A Significant Improvement in the Internal Combustion Engine and Its Fuels?

None
Date: September 7, 1982
Creator: Lindahl, David M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library

Newsmap. Monday, September 7, 1942 : week of August 28 to September 4

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia; North Africa; Mediterranean; Belgian Congo; Western Europe; Solomons; New Guinea; Iceland; China; Siberia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Inset maps show Battle areas in the Southwest Pacific; the Mediterranean arena. Includes photographs: Well-dressed commando; Pudding for a Panzer; Avro Lancaster bomber; Moving tanks up; Tanks train in the U.S. deserts. Back: Russian Armored Vehicles. Includes text descriptions of 8 tanks and 28 photographs.
Date: September 7, 1942
Creator: [United States]. Army Orientation Course.
Object Type: Poster
System: The UNT Digital Library
Military Base Closures and the Impact Aid Program for Education (open access)

Military Base Closures and the Impact Aid Program for Education

This report provides a brief overview of the Impact Aid program, including the calculation of Impact Aid payments to local educational agencies (LEA), and an overview of the Base Realignment and Closing (BRAC) recommendations. This is followed by a discussion of the potential effects of the BRAC recommendations on LEAs that will both lose and gain students as a result of the changes. The report concludes with a brief discussion of actions that have been taken by LEAs in anticipation of large influxes of federally connected students.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: Skinner, Rebecca R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Bangladesh: Background and U.S. Relations (open access)

Bangladesh: Background and U.S. Relations

This report discusses the key issues regarding U.S.-Bangladesh Relations. U.S. policy toward Bangladesh emphasizes support for political stability and democracy; social and economic development; and improvement of human rights. The United States has long-standing supportive relations with Bangladesh and has viewed Bangladesh as a moderate voice in the Islamic world.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: Vaughn, Bruce
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change (open access)

527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change

This report compares the tax and election laws relating to political organizations and political committees prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-230 in an attempt to highlight the differences between them, and discusses some of the proposals in the 106th Congress to require additional reporting by organizations engaging in political activities. This report does not address the taxation of other tax-exempt organizations making political expenditures taxable under IRC § 527. For developments after the enactment of P.L. 106-230, please see CRS Report RS20650, 527 Organizations: Reporting Requirements Imposed on Political Organizations after the Enactment of P.L. 106-230.
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Morris, Marie B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties (open access)

Iraq: Summary of U.S. Casualties

This report provides statistics on fatalities during Operation Iraqi Freedom, which began on March 19, 2003, as well as on the number of fatalities since May 1, 2003, plus statistics on those wounded, but not killed, since March 19, 2003.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: O'Bryant, JoAnne
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei (open access)

China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy - Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei

In Part I, this CRS report discusses the policy on “one China” since the United States began in 1971 to reach understandings with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing. Part II documents the evolution of the “one China” principle as articulated in key statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei. The U.S. policy on “one China” has evolved to cover three issues: sovereignty, peaceful resolution, and cross-strait dialogue.
Date: September 7, 2006
Creator: Kan, Shirley A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change (open access)

527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change

Virtually all political organizations are "section 527" political organizations, which means that they are tax-exempt. 527 organizations are created to influence the election or defeat of public officials. This report compares the tax and election laws relating to political organizations and political committees prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-230 in an attempt to highlight the differences between them, and discusses some of the proposals in the 106th Congress to require additional reporting by organizations engaging in political activities. This report does not address the taxation of other tax-exempt organizations making political expenditures taxable under IRC § 527.
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Morris, Marie B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change (open access)

527 Organizations: How the Differences in Tax and Election Laws Permit Certain Organizations to Engage in Issue Advocacy without Public Disclosure and Proposals for Change

Virtually all political organizations are "section 527" political organizations, which means that they are tax-exempt. 527 organizations are created to influence the election or defeat of public officials. This report compares the tax and election laws relating to political organizations and political committees prior to the enactment of P.L. 106-230 in an attempt to highlight the differences between them, and discusses some of the proposals in the 106th Congress to require additional reporting by organizations engaging in political activities. This report does not address the taxation of other tax-exempt organizations making political expenditures taxable under IRC § 527.
Date: September 7, 2000
Creator: Morris, Marie B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library