Degree Level

25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (open access)

25 Year Lifetime for Flexible Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics

Although preliminary proof-of-principle of the efficacy of barrier materials and processes, first developed by Battelle at PNNL and commercialized by Vitex, has been demonstrated at the laboratory scale, there are several challenges to the practical commercial implementation of these developments in the Buildings Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. Two important issues that are addressed in this project are identifying a low cost substrate material that can survive in the outside environment (rain, heat, dust, hail, etc.) for 25 years and developing an encapsulation method for the photovoltaic (PV) cells that can meet the required barrier performance without driving the cost of the total barrier package out of range (remaining below $3.00/Wp). Without these solutions, current encapsulation technologies will limit the use of PV for BIPV applications. Flexible, light-weight packaging that can withstand 25 years in the field is required for a totally flexible integrated PV package. The benefit of this research is to make substantial progress in the development of a cost-effective, viable thin film barrier package which will be a critical enabling technology to meet the Solar America Initiative cost and device reliability goals, and to make photovoltaics (PV) more cost-competitive with electricity generated using fossil fuels. Increased PV installations …
Date: July 10, 2010
Creator: Gross, Mark E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 30 ps Timing Resolution for Single Photons with Multi-pixel Burle MCP-PMT (open access)

A 30 ps Timing Resolution for Single Photons with Multi-pixel Burle MCP-PMT

We have achieved {approx}30 psec single-photoelectron and {approx}12ps for multi-photoelectron timing resolution with a new 64 pixel Burle MCP-PMT with 10 micron microchannel holes. We have also demonstrated that this detector works in a magnetic field of 15kG, and achieved a single-photoelectron timing resolution of better than 60 psec. The study is relevant for a new focusing DIRC RICH detector for particle identification at future Colliders such as the super B-factory or ILC, and for future TOF techniques. This study shows that a highly pixilated MCP-PMT can deliver excellent timing resolution.
Date: July 5, 2006
Creator: Va'vra, J.; Benitez, J.; Coleman, J.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Mazaheri, G.; Ratcliff, B. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 30-T pulsed magnet suitable for neutron scattering experiments (open access)

A 30-T pulsed magnet suitable for neutron scattering experiments

We describe a conceptual design for a 30-T vertical-field split-pair magnet suitable for neutron scattering studies. While the magnet is primarily intended for diffraction and spectroscopic studies using a pulsed neutron source, it might also have application for relaxational studies,at steady-state sources. The magnet will have a 5-cm bore for sample environment equipment, a 1-cm gap for the neutrons to illuminate the sample and through which to observe the scattering. It will run with a repetition frequency of 2 Hz, and a pulse length of 3 ms. We discuss scientific and engineering considerations that led to this specification and describe the designs of both magnet and power supply.
Date: July 1, 1995
Creator: Robinson, R. A.; Boenig, H. J.; Eyssa, Y. M. & Schneider-Muntau, H. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
30 years of high-intensity negative ion sources for accelerators (open access)

30 years of high-intensity negative ion sources for accelerators

Thirty years ago, July 1, 1971, significant enhancement of negative ion emission from a gas discharge following an admixture of cesium was observed for the first time. This observation became the basis for the development of Surface Plasma Sources (SPS) for efficient production of negative ions from the interaction of plasma particles with electrodes on which adsorbed cesium reduced the surface work-function. The emission current density of negative ions increased rapidly from j {approximately} 10 mA/cm{sup 2} to 3.7 A/cm{sup 2} with a flat cathode and up to 8 A/cm{sup 2} with an optimized geometrical focusing in the long pulse SPS, and to 0.3 A/cm{sup 2} for DC SPS, recently increased up to 0.7 A/cm{sup 2}. Discovery of charge-exchange cooling helped decrease the negative ion temperature T below 1 eV, and increase brightness by many orders to a level compatible with the best proton sources, B = j/T> 1 A/cm{sup 2} eV. The combination of the SPS with charge-exchange injection improved large accelerators operation and has permitted beam accumulation up to space-charge limit and overcome this limit several times. The early SPS for accelerators have been in operation without modification for {approximately} 25 years. Advanced version of the SPS for …
Date: July 25, 2001
Creator: Dudnikov, Vadim
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
40 Years of Discovery (open access)

40 Years of Discovery

History is most interesting when seen through the eyes of those who lived it. In this 40th anniversary retrospective of bioscience research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we've asked 19 scientists to share their personal recollections about a major accomplishment in the program's history. We have not tried to create a comprehensive or seamless story. Rather, we've attempted to capture the perspectives of key individuals, each of whom worked on a research program that met significant milestones. We have focused particularly on programs and accomplishments that have shaped the current Biology and Biotechnology Research Program (BBRP). In addition, we have included a timeline of biosciences at LLNL, a history of the directorate that appeared in the Laboratory's magazine, ''Science & Technology Review'', in 2002, and a list of bioscience-related articles that have appeared over the years in ''Science & Technology Review and its predecessor, Energy & Technology Review''. The landscape of biological science today is stunningly different from 40 years ago. When LLNL bioscience began in 1963, we knew about the structure of DNA and that it was the carrier of genetic information. However, it would be another year before scientists would understand how DNA codes for the production of …
Date: July 8, 2003
Creator: Heller, Arnie; Henke, Amy; Weinstein, Bert & Thomas, Cindy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
50% Advanced Energy Design Guides: Preprint (open access)

50% Advanced Energy Design Guides: Preprint

This paper presents the process, methodology, and assumptions for the development of the 50% Energy Savings Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDGs), a design guidance document that provides specific recommendations for achieving 50% energy savings above the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 in four building types: (1) Small to medium office buildings, (2) K-12 school buildings, (3) Medium to big box retail buildings, (4) Large hospital buildings.
Date: July 1, 2012
Creator: Bonnema, E.; Leach, M.; Pless, S.; Liu, B.; Wang, W.; Thornton, B. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
A 75-keV, 145-mA PROTON INJECTOR (open access)

A 75-keV, 145-mA PROTON INJECTOR

None
Date: July 1, 2001
Creator: Sherman, J. D.; Figueroa, T. L. & Al, Et
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
84-Kilometer Radiological Monitoring Grid (open access)

84-Kilometer Radiological Monitoring Grid

The purpose of this report is to document the development of a radial grid that is suitable for evaluating the pathways and potential impacts of a release of radioactive materials to the environment within a distance of 84 kilometers.
Date: July 31, 2000
Creator: Roe, L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
94-1 research and development project lead laboratory support. Status report, October 1--December 31, 1996 (open access)

94-1 research and development project lead laboratory support. Status report, October 1--December 31, 1996

This status report is published for Los Alamos National Laboratory 94-1 Research and Development (R and D) projects. The Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) funds these projects in order to support the storage or disposal of legacy plutonium and plutonium-bearing materials that resulted from weapons production throughout the DOE complex. This report summarizes status and technical progress for Materials Identification and Surveillance; Stabilization Process Development; Surveillance and Monitoring; Core Technology; Separations; Materials Science; Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Plutonium(IV) and Plutonium(VI) Phosphates; Plutonium Phosphate Solution Chemistry; and Molten Salt/Nonaqueous Electrochemistry.
Date: July 1, 1997
Creator: Rink, N.A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Area D4 Project Building Completion Report May 2006 - June 2007 (open access)

100 Area D4 Project Building Completion Report May 2006 - June 2007

This report documents the decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) and the demolition of the 153-N, 1515-N, 1516-N, 1517-N, 1518-N, 1519-N, 1331-N, 1332-N, and 181-NC facilities in the 100 Area of the Hanford Site. The D&D and demolition of these facilities included characterization, engineering, removal of hazardous and radiologically contaminated materials, equipment removal, utility disconnection, deactivation, decontamination, demolition of the structure, and removal of the remaining slabs.
Date: July 25, 2007
Creator: Ison, E. G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas: (For technical progress letter No. 104), June 25--July 1 (open access)

100 Areas: (For technical progress letter No. 104), June 25--July 1

None
Date: July 5, 1946
Creator: Jordan, W. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas: (For Technical Progress Letter No. 107), July 16--22 (open access)

100 Areas: (For Technical Progress Letter No. 107), July 16--22

This technical progress report details 100 Area activities for the time period of July 16 through July 22, 1946.
Date: July 26, 1946
Creator: Jordan, W. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas technical activities report -- Engineering, June, 1948 (open access)

100 Areas technical activities report -- Engineering, June, 1948

This report covers work done by the Pile Engineering Groups and work done on special assignments. Topics covered include: slug blistering and corrosion; graphite allocation to DR pile; slug molding; segmental discharge; Van Stone corrosion; flow laboratory modifications; downcomer at B pile; downcomer at D pile; annealing of pile graphite; replacement of pile atmosphere with CO{sub 2}; unit motion; beta experiment; can opening; slug annealing; new technical building, 300 area; and ruptured slugs.
Date: July 19, 1948
Creator: Woods, W. K.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas technical progress letter No. 105, July 2--July 8 (open access)

100 Areas technical progress letter No. 105, July 2--July 8

The physics of the shutdown of the D pile on July 2 is emphasized in the operation report. The F pile shutdown and operating specifics are also discussed. Water, corrosion, and engineering are reported for the B, D, and F areas.
Date: July 12, 1946
Creator: Jordan, W. E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100 Areas water treatment specifications (open access)

100 Areas water treatment specifications

This memorandum discussed review of the data from tests using alum in the treatment of pile process water, and using activated silica as a coagulant aid during period of low water temperature, which shows that this method should be substituted for the present method of treating pile process water in all 100 Areas. It was recommended that the water treatment procedures and specifications attached to this memorandum be initiated as standard practice in all 100 Areas as soon as it is possible to make the necessary equipment modifications and installations.
Date: July 11, 1952
Creator: Greninger, A. B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
100-MHz power amplifier design and control for a heavy-ion accelerator (open access)

100-MHz power amplifier design and control for a heavy-ion accelerator

None
Date: July 1975
Creator: Lunsford, J. S.; Shipley, J. P. & Sutton, J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
101-SY waste sample speed of sound/rheology testing for sonic probe program (open access)

101-SY waste sample speed of sound/rheology testing for sonic probe program

One problem faced in the clean-up operation at Hanford is that a number of radioactive waste storage tanks are experiencing a periodic buildup and release of potentially explosive gases. The best known example is Tank 241-SY-101 (commonly referred to as 101-SY) in which hydrogen gas periodically built up within the waste to the point that increased buoyancy caused a roll-over event, in which the gas was suddenly released in potentially explosive concentrations (if an ignition source were present). The sonic probe concept is to generate acoustic vibrations in the 101-SY tank waste at nominally 100 Hz, with sufficient amplitude to cause the controlled release of hydrogen bubbles trapped in the waste. The sonic probe may provide a potentially cost-effective alternative to large mixer pumps now used for hydrogen mitigation purposes. Two important parameters needed to determine sonic probe effectiveness and design are the speed of sound and yield stress of the tank waste. Tests to determine these parameters in a 240 ml sample of 101-SY waste (obtained near the tank bottom) were performed, and the results are reported.
Date: July 25, 1994
Creator: Cannon, N. S.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
105-C overbore 40 tube test process tube assembly flow and pressure drop calibration test (open access)

105-C overbore 40 tube test process tube assembly flow and pressure drop calibration test

The object of this test is to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the proposed overbore process tube assembly designs which are to be installed on 105-C reactor for the 40 tube overbore fuel element test.
Date: July 6, 1961
Creator: Etheridge, E. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
105-N charge-discharge rates (open access)

105-N charge-discharge rates

Figures have and can be generated that indicate a higher charge-discharge rate if required before 105-N will be comparable with existing reactors. Also, these figures show an apparent operating cost incentive to increase the charge-discharge rates proposed for 105-N. Although these figures may be true by themselves, other figures developed from the same information and stated on a basis that affords a true comparison, show that the proposed rates for 105-N are compatible with those in existing reactors. However, the accomplishments of existing reactors should be considered as a guide only and not as Criteria since the design basis has already been established for Project CAI-816. An average charge-discharge rate has been proposed for 105-N that is compatible with the two main ground rules of the Project. Namely, the capital cost limitation and the plant factor. This rate of 8 tubes/hr. is one that appears to be reasonable from the charge-discharge design aspects and there is a good possibility that it can be increased with operational experience.
Date: July 2, 1959
Creator: Nesbitt, J. F.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
THE 110 GHz MICROWAVE HEATING SYSTEM ON THE DIII-D TOKAMAK (open access)

THE 110 GHz MICROWAVE HEATING SYSTEM ON THE DIII-D TOKAMAK

OAK-B135 Six 110 GHz gyrotrons in the 1 MW class are operational on DIII-D. Source power is > 4.0 MW for pulse lengths {le} 2.1 s and {approx} 2.8 MW for 5.0 s. The rf beams can be steered poloidally across the tokamak upper half plane at off-perpendicular injection angles in the toroidal direction up to {+-} 20{sup o}. measured transmission line loss is about -1 dB for the longest line, which is 92 m long with 11 miter bends. Coupling efficiency into the waveguide is {approx} 93% for the Gaussian rf beams. The transmission lines are evacuated and windowless except for the gyrotron output window and include flexible control of the elliptical polarization of the injected rf beam with remote controlled grooved mirrors in two of the miter bends on each line. The injected power can be modulated according to a predetermined program or controlled by the DIII-D plasma control system using real time feedback based on diagnostic signals obtained during the plasma pulse. Three gyrotrons have operated at 1.0 MW output power for 5.0 s. Peak central temperatures of the artificially grown diamond gyrotron output windows are < 180 C at equilibrium.
Date: July 2003
Creator: Lohr, J.; Callis, R. W.; Doane, J. L.; Ellis, R. A.; Gorelov, Ya; Kajiwara, K. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
112-pixel arrays of high-efficiency STJ X-ray detectors (open access)

112-pixel arrays of high-efficiency STJ X-ray detectors

None
Date: July 15, 2013
Creator: Friedrich, S; Harris, J; Warburton, W K; Carpenter, M H; Hall, J A & Cantor, R
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
118-B-1 excavation treatability test plan (open access)

118-B-1 excavation treatability test plan

The Hanford 118-B-1 Burial Ground Treatability Study has been required by milestone change request {number_sign}M-15-93-04, dated September 30, 1993. The change request requires that a treatability test be conducted at the 100-B Area to obtain additional engineering information for remedial design of burial grounds receiving waste from 100 Area removal actions. This treatability study has two purposes: (1) to support development of the Proposed Plan (PP) and Record of Decision (ROD), which will identify the approach to be used for burial ground remediation, and (2) to provide specific engineering information for receiving waste generated from the 100 Area removal actions. Data generated from this test also will provide critical performance and cost information necessary for remedy evaluation in the detailed analysis of alternatives during preparation of the focused feasibility study (FFS). This treatability testing supports the following 100 Area alternatives: (1) excavation and disposal, and (2) excavation, sorting, (treatment), and disposal.
Date: July 1, 1994
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
150-MW S-band klystron program at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (open access)

150-MW S-band klystron program at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

Two S-Band klystrons operating at 150 MW have been designed, fabricated and tested at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) during the past two years for use in an experimental accelerator at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg, Germany. Both klystrons operate at the design power, 60 Hz repetition rate, 3 {micro}s pulsewidth, with an efficiency {gt} 40%, and agreement between the experimental results and simulations is excellent. The 535 kV, 700 A electron gun was tested by constructing a solenoidal focused beam stick which identified a source of oscillation, subsequently engineered out of the klystron guns. Design of the beam stick and the two klystrons is discussed, along with observation and suppression of spurious oscillations. Differences in design and the resulting performance of the Klystrons is emphasized.
Date: July 1, 1996
Creator: Sprehn, D.; Caryotakis, G. & Phillips, R. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
200 Area monthly report, June 1966 (open access)

200 Area monthly report, June 1966

None
Date: July 14, 1966
Creator: Christy, J. T.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library