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Federal Tort Reform Legislation: Constitutionality and Summaries of Selected Statutes
This report considers the constitutionality of federal tort reform legislation, such as the products liability and medical malpractice reform proposals that have been introduced for the last several Congresses. Tort law at present is almost exclusively state law rather than federal law, although, as noted in the appendix to this report, Congress has enacted a number of tort reform statutes.
Date:
July 7, 2008
Creator:
Cohen, Henry & Burrows, Vanessa K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods
The 2002 farm bill required retailers to provide country-of-origin labeling for fresh produce, red meats, peanuts, and seafood by September 30, 2004. Congress twice postponed implementation for all but seafood; country-of-origin labeling (COOL) now must be implemented by September 30, 2008. Some lawmakers have proposed new COOL requirements for other foods and food ingredients, as part of a proposed overhaul of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Date:
July 25, 2008
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abortion Services and Military Medical Facilities
In 1993, President Clinton modified the military policy on providing abortions at military medical facilities. Under the change directed by the President, military medical facilities were allowed to perform abortions if paid for entirely with non-Department of Defense (DOD) funds (i.e., privately funded). Over the last three decades, the availability of abortion services at military medical facilities has been subjected to numerous changes and interpretations.
Date:
July 10, 2008
Creator:
Burelli, David F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Abortion Services and Military Medical Facilities
The purpose of this report is to describe and discuss the provisions for providing abortion services to military personnel, their dependents, and other military health care beneficiaries at military medical facilities. The report describes the history of these provisions, with particular emphasis on legislative actions. Finally, this report discusses a number of proposals to modify the law, as well as other related legislative and administrative actions.
Date:
July 10, 2008
Creator:
Burrelli, David F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Science and Engineering Presence in U.S. Institutions and the Labor Force
The increased presence of foreign students in graduate science and engineering programs and in the scientific workforce has been and continues to be of concern to some in the scientific community. Enrollment of U.S. citizens in graduate science and engineering programs has not kept pace with that of foreign students in those programs. Many in the scientific community maintain that in order to compete with countries that are rapidly expanding their scientific and technological capabilities, the country needs to bring to the United States those whose skills will benefit society and will enable us to compete in the new-technology based global economy. This report analyzes this issue in detail and includes discussion of related legislation.
Date:
July 23, 2008
Creator:
Matthews, Christine M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in the country of Panama, which has made notable political and economic progress since the 1989 U.S. military intervention that ousted the regime of General Manuel Noriega from power. The United States has close relations with Panama, stemming in large part from the extensive linkages developed when the canal was under U.S. control. This report describes the U.S.-Panama relationship at length, including trade relations.
Date:
July 31, 2008
Creator:
Sullivan, Mark P. & Rivas, Justin
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Wetlands: An Overview of Issues
The report documents recent changes in wetland acres. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service released its most recent periodic survey of changes in wetland acreage nationwide in March 2006. Covering 1998 to 2004, it concluded that during this time period there was a small net gain in overall wetland acres for the first time that this survey has been conducted. Others caution, however, that much of this gain was in ponds, rather than natural wetlands.
Date:
July 8, 2008
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia & Zinn, Jeffrey A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
This report outlines federal programs that provide direct or indirect incentives for biofuels. For each program described, the report provides details including administering agency, authorizing statute(s), annual funding, and expiration date.
Date:
July 29, 2008
Creator:
Yacobucci, Brent D.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air Issues in the 110th Congress: Climate Change, Air Quality Standards, and Oversight
This report provides a brief overview of the climate change issue as well as other Clean Air Act issues of interest in the 110th Congress.
Date:
July 28, 2008
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Animal Agriculture: 2008 Farm Bill Issues
This report discusses a number of animal-related provisions related to the 2008 farm bill. It includes background and specific provisions from the bill for each of the issues and options analyzed in the report: market competition and packer concentration, livestock mandatory price reporting, meat and poultry safety, country-of-origin labeling, animal identification for health protection, animal welfare, feed prices, disaster assistance, and environmental issues. The report also provides a summary comparison of previous farm bills with the 2008 provisions for selected issues.
Date:
July 1, 2008
Creator:
Becker, Geoffrey S. & Johnson, Renée
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Globalization, Worker Insecurity, and Policy Approaches
This report discusses the global economy, or what many call globalization, which has a growing impact on the economic futures of American companies, workers, and families. Increasing integration with the world economy makes the U.S. and other economies more productive. For most Americans, this has translated into absolute increases in living standards and real disposable incomes.
Date:
July 31, 2008
Creator:
Ahearn, Raymond J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Possible Expiration (or Extension) of the 2002 Farm Bill
This report discusses the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) that authorized an array of agricultural, rural, and nutrition programs. Many provisions of the 2002 farm bill were scheduled to expire in 2007. If a new farm bill or year-long extension were not enacted before the 2008 harvest, permanent law would have taken effect.
Date:
July 23, 2008
Creator:
Monke, Jim; Cowan, Tadlock; Hanrahan, Charles E. & Richardson, Joe
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Engineered Nanoscale Materials and Derivative Products: Regulatory Challenges
The purpose of this report is to consider certain challenges faced by federal EHS risk assessors, risk managers, and policy makers, and to discuss possible legislative approaches to address those challenges.
Date:
July 18, 2008
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Endangered Species Act and Legal Issues Regarding Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead
This report discusses the resident fish, such as bull trout and Kootenai River white sturgeon, which are listed as threatened and endangered respectively under the ESA are affected by the FCRPS. This report focuses on Endangered Species Act (ESA) actions and litigation related to these species.
Date:
July 16, 2008
Creator:
Lane, Nic; Alexander, Kristina & Buck, Eugene H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Commerce, Justice, Science and Related Agencies: FY2009 Appropriations
This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant.
Date:
July 11, 2008
Creator:
Krouse, William J. & Murphy, Edward Vincent
System:
The UNT Digital Library
California Water Law and Related Legal Authority Affecting the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
This report provides a summary of California's dual system of water rights, which includes riparian and prior appropriation doctrines, and regulation of those rights by the state. In particular, the report discusses considerations used in the process of regulating water usage, including the public trust doctrine, the rule of beneficial use, and the no injury rule. The report discusses the California water projects, the projects' rights, and access to water by other users.
Date:
July 1, 2008
Creator:
Brougher, Cynthia
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Conservation Provisions of the 2008 Farm Bill
This report discusses the policy questions and issues shaping the conservation title of the 2008 Farm Bill. The report describes the program changes in the enacted 2008 Farm Bill, and working lands conservation programs.
Date:
July 2, 2008
Creator:
Cowan, Tadlock & Johnson, Renée
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Forest Carbon Markets: Potential and Drawbacks
This report describes current markets for forest carbon sequestration, the potential for using forest to offset other sources of greenhouse gas emissions, and the drawbacks related to forest carbon sequestration efforts.
Date:
July 3, 2008
Creator:
Gorte, Ross W. & Ramseur, Jonathan L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Nuclear Power and Fuel Cycle Technologies: Outlook and Policy Options
This report starts out with an overview of nuclear technology and then discusses the Department of Energy DOE advanced nuclear programs, global nuclear energy partnership, and different industry studies.
Date:
July 11, 2008
Creator:
Holt, Mark
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Air After the CAIR Decision: Back to Square One?
This report discusses three Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) long-term options in regard to Clean Air: (1) starting anew with a new strategy with respect to mitigating transported air pollution based on the decision; (2) allowing the states to sort out the issue through Section 126 petitions; and (3) seeking new legislation providing EPA with the statutory authority to implement either CAIR in some form, or an alternative.
Date:
July 22, 2008
Creator:
McCarthy, James E.; Parker, Larry B. & Meltz, Robert
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives
Congress in 2006 agreed to temporarily consolidate separate counterintelligence (CI) offices at the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Security Administration (NNSA) into a single CI office under DOE control. This report analyzes both consolidations — the first authorized by Congress at Department of Energy (DOE) request; the second initiated by DOE — and examines the impact of each on the effectiveness of the Department's CI program.
Date:
July 28, 2008
Creator:
Cumming, Alfred
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Community Acceptance of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Infrastructure: Siting Challenges
This report discusses the possible role public and community acceptance may play in the siting of CO2 infrastructure for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). The report reviews what is known about public opinion of CCS as an overall strategy to combat climate change. The report examines community acceptance of CO2 emissions controls, pipelines, and sequestration sites based on analogies, CO2 experience, and focused research. It also discusses community acceptance issues related to selected alternatives to CCS policies, such as investment in renewable energy infrastructure and nuclear power. The report introduces key CCS policy considerations as Congress continues to evaluate opportunities and requirements for carbon control.
Date:
July 29, 2008
Creator:
Parfomak, Paul W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks: Prevention and Cleanup
This report addresses a nationwide water pollution problem caused by leaking underground storage tanks (USTs). The report discusses key issue that state resources have not met the demands of administering the underground storage tanks (UST) leak prevention program.
Date:
July 10, 2008
Creator:
Tiemann, Mary
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Agricultural Disaster Assistance
This report discusses the ongoing major USDA disaster programs designed to help crop producers recover from the financial effects of natural disasters — federal crop insurance, noninsured assistance program (NAP) payments, and emergency disaster loans.
Date:
July 3, 2008
Creator:
Chite, Ralph M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library