This report documents a week-long measurement campaign conducted on six, dry-storage, spent-nuclear-fuel storage casks at the Idaho National Laboratory. A gamma-ray imager, a thermal-neutron imager and a germanium spectrometer were used to collect data on the casks. The campaign was conducted to examine the feasibility of using the cask radiation signatures as unique identifiers for individual casks as part of a safeguards regime. The results clearly show different morphologies for the various cask types although the signatures are deemed insufficient to uniquely identify individual casks of the same type. Based on results with the germanium spectrometer and differences between thermal neutron images and neutron-dose meters, this result is thought to be due to the limitations of the extant imagers used, rather than of the basic concept. Results indicate that measurements with improved imagers could contain significantly more information. Follow-on measurements with new imagers either currently available as laboratory prototypes or under development are recommended.

Many commercial metrology systems exist for making accurate surface form and roughness measurements of nominally planar parts. However, few metrology systems exist for making accurate absolute thickness measurements. At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory there is an increasing need for absolute thickness measurements of mesoscale parts ranging in size from 1 mm to 25 mm in diameter and 2 {micro}m to 500 {micro}m thickness. The samples of interest in this case are nominally planar parts that require absolute thickness to be known to an accuracy of better than one micrometer. An Absolute Thickness Measurement Machine (ATMM) has been designed and constructed to fulfill this requirement (see Figure 1). This article describes the design of the ATMM and the theory behind its operation including a detailed error budget. Other issues discussed involve errors associated with the sensors (non-linearity, and sensor resolution), development of the stepped thickness reference, thermal effects, and future upgrades. This research represents one of many issues involving meso-scale metrology currently under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

The authors present a simultaneous measurement of the {bar B}{sup 0} lifetime {tau}{sub B{sup 0}} and B{sup 0}{bar B}{sup 0} oscillation frequency {Delta}m{sub d}. We use a sample of about 50,000 partially reconstructed {bar B}{sup 0} {yields} D*{sup +}{ell}{sup -}{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}} decays identified with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} storage ring at SLAC. The flavor of the other B meson in the event is determined from the charge of another high-momentum lepton.

We investigate the variability of Cygnus X-1 in the context of shot noise models, and employ a peak detection algorithm to select individual shots. For a long observation of the low, hard state, the distribution of time intervals between shots is found to be consistent with a purely random process, contrary to previous claims in the literature. The detected shots are fit to several model templates and found to have a broad range of shapes. The fitted shots have a distribution of timescales from below 10 milliseconds to above 1 second. The coherence of the cross spectrum of light curves of these data in different energy bands is also studied. The observed high coherence implies that the transfer function between low and high energy variability is uniform. The uniformity of the transfer function implies that the observed distribution of shot widths cannot have been acquired through Compton scattering. Our results in combination with other results in the literature suggest that shot luminosities are correlated with one another. We discuss how our experimental methodology relates to non-linear models of variability.

In 2004 the Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) that provides scientific guidance to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) requested an assessment of (1) WCRP monsoon related activities and (2) the range of available observations and analyses in monsoon regions. The purpose of the assessment was to (a) define the essential elements of a pan-WCRP monsoon modeling strategy, (b) identify the procedures for producing this strategy, and (c) promote improvements in monsoon observations and analyses with a view toward their adequacy, and addressing any undue redundancy or duplication. As such, the WCRP sponsored the ''1st Pan-WCRP Workshop on Monsoon Climate Systems: Toward Better Prediction of the Monsoons'' at the University of California, Irvine, CA, USA from 15-17 June 2005. Experts from the two WCRP programs directly relevant to monsoon studies, the Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (CLIVAR) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), gathered to assess the current understanding of the fundamental physical processes governing monsoon variability and to highlight outstanding problems in simulating the monsoon that can be tackled through enhanced cooperation between CLIVAR and GEWEX. The agenda with links to the presentations can be found at: http://www.clivar.org/organization/aamon/WCRPmonsoonWS/agenda.htm. Scientific motivation for a joint CLIVAR-GEWEX approach to investigating …

The current status of the 2mrad crossing angle layout for the ILC is reviewed. The scheme developed in the UK and France is described and the performance discussed for a TeV machine. Secondly, the scheme developed at SLAC and BNL is then studied and modified for a TeV machine. We find that both schemes can handle the higher energy beam with modifications, and share many common features.

The critical path is one of the fundamental runtime characteristics of a parallel program. It identifies the longest execution sequence without wait delays. In other words, the critical path is the global execution path that inflicts wait operations on other nodes without itself being stalled. Hence, it dictates the overall runtime and knowing it is important to understand an application's runtime and message behavior and to target optimizations. We have developed a toolset that identifies the critical path of MPI applications, extracts it, and then produces a graphical representation of the corresponding program execution graph to visualize it. To implement this, we intercept all MPI library calls, use the information to build the relevant subset of the execution graph, and then extract the critical path from there. We have applied our technique to several scientific benchmarks and successfully produced critical path diagrams for applications running on up to 128 processors.

This paper provides a current state of spatial data collections, use, management, and challenges at the Hanford Site through the use and development of a Spatial Data Infrastructure. Recommendations designed to ensure data quality, usability and sustainability now and into the future are presented.

We examine the effects of the extended gauge sector of the Littlest Higgs model in high energy e{sup +}e{sup -} collisions. We find that the search reach in e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} f{bar f} at a {radical}s = 500 GeV International Linear Collider covers essentially the entire parameter region where the Littlest Higgs model is relevant to the gauge hierarchy problem. In addition, we show that this channel provides an accurate determination of the fundamental model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the LHC measures the mass of the heavy neutral gauge .eld. Additionally, we show that the couplings of the extra gauge bosons to the light Higgs can be observed from the process e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Zh for a significant region of the parameter space. This allows for confirmation of the structure of the cancellation of the Higgs mass quadratic divergence and would verify the little Higgs mechanism.

Studies of crystal growth kinetics are tightly integrated with advances in the creation of new nanoscale inorganic building blocks and their functional assemblies 1-11. Recent examples include the development of semiconductor nanorods which have potential uses in solar cells 12-17, and the discovery of a light driven process to create noble metal particles with sharp corners that can be used in plasmonics 18,19. In the course of studying basic crystal growth kinetics we developed a process for preparing branched semiconductor nanocrystals such as tetrapods and inorganic dendrimers of precisely controlled generation 20,21. Here we report the discovery of a crystal growth kinetics regime in which a new class of hyper-branched nanocrystals are formed. The shapes range from 'thorny balls', to tree-like ramified structures, to delicate 'spider net'-like particles. These intricate shapes depend crucially on a delicate balance of branching and extension. The multitudes of resulting shapes recall the diverse shapes of snowflakes 22.The three dimensional nature of the branch points here, however, lead to even more complex arrangements than the two dimensionally branched structures observed in ice. These hyper-branched particles not only extend the available three-dimensional shapes in nanoparticle synthesis ,but also provide a tool to study growth kinetics by …

We search for the rare leptonic decay B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +}{nu}{sub {tau}} in a sample of 232 x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II B-Factory. Signal events are selected by examining the properties of the B meson recoiling against the semileptonic decay B{sup -} {yields} D*{sup 0}{ell}{bar {nu}}{sub {ell}}. We find no evidence for a signal and set an upper limit on the branching fraction of {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +} {nu}{sub {tau}}) < 2.8 x 10{sup -4} at the 90% confidence level. We combine this result with a previous, statistically independent BABAR search for B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +} {nu}{sub {tau}} to give an upper limit of {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {tau}{sup +} {nu}{sub {tau}}) < 2.6 10{sup -4} at the 90% confidence level.

Recently, artificial meta-materials have been reported [1] that have a negative index of refraction, which allows a homogeneous flat slab of the material to behave as a perfect lens [2], possibly even creating sub-diffraction limited focusing. These novel artificial materials have numerous potential applications in science, technology, and medicine [3], especially if their novel behavior can be extended to the technologically critical near-infrared and visible region. The meta-materials consist of split-ring resonators which provide a negativem, and metal strips which provide a negative e. First steps towards scaling the dimensions of these metamaterials have been recently taken with the fabrication of split-ring resonator structures showing magnetic resonances at about1 THz [4]and 100 THz [5]frequencies.

We present results of a search for the X(3872) in B{sup 0} {yields} X(3872)K{sub S}{sup 0}, X(3872) {yields} J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, improved measurements of B{sup -} {yields} X(3872)K{sup -}, and a study of the J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} mass region above the X(3872). We use 232 million B{bar B} pairs collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II e{sup +}e{sup -} asymmetric-energy storage rings. The results include the 90% confidence interval 1.34 x 10{sup -6} < {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} X(3872)K{sup 0}, X {yields} J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) < 10.3 x 10{sup -6} and the branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup -} {yields} X(3872)K{sup -}, X {yields} J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}) = (10.1 {+-} 2.5 {+-} 1.0) x 10{sup -6}. We observe a (2.7 {+-} 1.3 {+-} 0.2) MeV/c{sup 2} mass difference of the X(3872) produced in the two decay modes. Furthermore, we find an excess of J/{psi}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} events with an invariant mass just above 4.2 GeV/c{sup 2} that is consistent with recent observations in initial state radiation events.

The task of tracking charged particles in energy frontier collider experiments has been largely taken over by solid-state detectors. While silicon microstrip trackers offer many advantages in this environment, large silicon trackers are generally much more massive than their gaseous counterparts. Because of the properties of the machine itself, much of the material that comprises a typical silicon microstrip tracker can be eliminated from a design for the ILC. This realization is the inspiration for a tracker design using lightweight, short, mass-producible modules to tile closed, nested cylinders with silicon microstrips. This design relies upon a few key technologies to provide excellent performance with low cost and complexity. The details of this concept are discussed, along with the performance and status of the design effort.

The authors present a preliminary measurement of the CP-violating parameters in fully reconstructed B{sup 0} {yields} D{sup (*){+-}}{pi}{sup {-+}} and B{sup 0} {yields} D{sup {+-}}{rho}{sup {-+}} decays in approximately 232 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC.

The studies of the ILC extraction line design have been carried out by the SLAC-BNL-UK-France task force collaboration. In this paper, we describe two options of the extraction optics for the 20 mrad horizontal crossing angle in the Interaction Region (IR), and one option of the 2 mrad extraction optics. The main functions of the extraction line are to transport the primary beam and beamstrahlung photons to dumps with acceptable beam loss, and to provide the necessary optics for beam diagnostics. The presented 20 mrad and 2 mrad optics are designed for up to 1 TeV and 0.5 TeV Center of Mass (CM) energy, respectively. The upgrade of this 2 mrad design to 1 TeV CM and a separate version of the 2 mrad design are presented in a separate report [1].

This report summarizes results of recent upgrades to SLAC's polarized source drive laser system. A Q-switching system has been incorporated into the flashlamp-pumped Ti:Sapphire laser system. The Q-switched laser provides energies up to 5 mJ for a 200 ns long pulse. Slow Q-switching provides control over length and shape of the laser pulse. A peak current of > 5.5 A has been demonstrated using a GaAs photocathode illuminated by this laser system.

The authors report an odderon Regge trajectory emerging from a field theoretical Coulomb gauge QCD model for the odd signature J{sup PC} (P = C = -1) glueball states (oddballs). The trajectory intercept is clearly smaller than the pomeron and even the {omega} trajectory's intercept which provides an explanation for the nonobservation of the odderon in high energy scattering data. To further support this result we compare to glueball lattice data and also perform calculations with an alternative model based upon an exact Hamiltonian diagonalization for three constituent gluons.

We present a study of the dynamics in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}K{sub S}{sup 0} decays with approximately 230 million B{bar B} events collected by the BABAR detector at SLAC. They find that the Dalitz plot distribution is best parameterized with the {phi}K{sub S}{sup 0} mode, an S-wave K{sup +}K{sup -} resonance near 1500 MeV/c{sup 2}, and a large non-resonant contribution. We set limits on resonances not included in the model, and study models for the non-resonant contribution.

This paper considers an approach for representing nuclear data that is qualitatively different from the approach currently adopted by the nuclear science community. Specifically, they examine a representation in which complicated data is described through collections of distinct and self contained simple data structures. This structure-based representation is compared with the ENDF and ENDL formats, which can be roughly characterized as dictionary-based representations. A pilot data representation for replacing the format currently used at LLNL is presented. Examples are given as is a discussion of promises and shortcomings associated with moving from traditional dictionary-based formats to a structure-rich or class-like representation.

This report provides information about Constitutional Principles and Federal Statutes on Child Pornography. Federal law prohibits the mailing of child pornography as well as its transport or receipt.

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