None

Because size is a major controlling factor for indoor airborne particle behavior, human particle exposure assessments will benefit from improved knowledge of size-specific particle emissions. We report a method of inferring size-specific mass emission factors for indoor sources that makes use of an indoor aerosol dynamics model, measured particle concentration time series data, and an optimization routine. This approach provides--in addition to estimates of the emissions size distribution and integrated emission factors--estimates of deposition rate, an enhanced understanding of particle dynamics, and information about model performance. We applied the method to size-specific environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) particle concentrations measured every minute with an 8-channel optical particle counter (PMS-LASAIR; 0.1-2+ micrometer diameters) and every 10 or 30 min with a 34-channel differential mobility particle sizer (TSI-DMPS; 0.01-1+ micrometer diameters) after a single cigarette or cigar was machine-smoked inside a low air-exchange-rate 20 m{sup 3} chamber. The aerosol dynamics model provided good fits to observed concentrations when using optimized values of mass emission rate and deposition rate for each particle size range as input. Small discrepancies observed in the first 1-2 hours after smoking are likely due to the effect of particle evaporation, a process neglected by the model. Size-specific ETS particle …

High-pressure Bridgman (HPVB) and vertical zone melting (HPVZM) growth processes have been applied for the manufacturing of Cd{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Te (x = 0.04-0.2), CdSe and ZnSe crystal tapes with sizes up to 120 x 120 x 12 mm. The influences of the technological parameters describing the growth processes on the crystal quality and some selected material properties are discussed. The dependence of the inclusion (bubbles) content on the deviation from melt stoichiometry is determined. A method for growing plates with low content of inclusions is described. High-resistivity crystal tapes of undoped CdZnTe (10{sup 10} Ohm x cm), CdSe (10{sup 11} Ohm x cm) and ZnSe (>10{sup 11} Ohm x cm) were prepared. The possibility of tape growth on oriented seeds is shown for the example of CdSe. The primary differences between HPVB and HPVZM results are described. The main HPVZM advantage for II-VI compound crystal growth is the possibility of obtaining crystals with more stoichiometric composition or with a controlled deviation from stoichiometry. Hence, HPVZM is preferable for growing high-resistivity II-VI crystals with low inclusion content and possibly with better transport properties. Keywords for this report are: Crystal growth, shaped crystal growth, ZnSe, CdSe, CdZnTe, CZT, HPVB, Bridgman, HPVZM, zone …