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40
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Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Implementation Issues
For two decades, scientists have been warning that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons (bromine-containing fluorocarbons) may deplete the stratospheric ozone shield that screens out some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and thus regulates the amounts which reach the Earth's surface. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and outside the United States, as aerosol propellants; Halons are used primarily as firefighting agents. Increased radiation could result in an increase in skin cancers, suppression of the human immune system, and decreased productivity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including some commercially important crops.
Date:
July 12, 2000
Creator:
Parker, Larry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Supplemental Appropriations for FY2000: Plan Columbia, Kosovo, Foreign Debt Relief, Home Energy Assistance, and Other Initiatives
None
Date:
July 5, 2000
Creator:
Nowels, Larry; Daggett, Stephen; Tarnoff, Curt; Serafino, Nina M. & Gish, Melinda
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
What if the National Debt Were Eliminated? Some Economic Consequences
Asthe budget has moved from a position of large deficitsto large surpluses, then back to deficit again, a debate has emerged about the desirability of retiring the national debt. Although the national debt would not be retired under current baseline forecasts, it remains an important element of the budget surplus debate. By the end of the baseline window, the national debt is forecast to reach its lowest level in the post-war period as a percentage of GDP despite the dramatic deterioration in the surplus forecastsince 2001. This report will explore the economic issues surrounding budget surpluses and debt retirement
Date:
July 14, 2000
Creator:
Labonte, Marc
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress
None
Date:
July 31, 2000
Creator:
Purcell, Patrick J.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
EPA's Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program: Highlights of the Final Revised Rule
This report discusses the final rule and the key modifications of the August 1999 proposal. The final rule builds on the current TMDL regulatory program and adds details, specific requirements, and deadlines. It retains the basic elements of the 1999 proposal for more comprehensive identification of impaired waters, schedules and minimum elements for TMDLs, and new public participation requirements. At the same time, dropped from the final rule are several provisions that were most controversial in the proposal, including some potentially affecting agriculture and forestry, one that would have required pollutant discharge offsets in some circumstances, and one that would have required states to identify waters threatened but not yet impaired by pollution
Date:
July 18, 2000
Creator:
Copeland, Claudia
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Kosovo: U.S. and Allied Military Operations
None
Date:
July 24, 2000
Creator:
Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Appropriations for FY2001: Military Construction
Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions, appropriations (regular, supplemental, and continuing) bills, rescissions, and budget reconciliation bills. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Military Construction Appropriations.
Date:
July 18, 2000
Creator:
Tyszkiewicz, Mary T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Class Size Reduction Program: Background and Status
This report provides an overview of the structure and status of the CSR program, the issues raised about the program, early reports on its implementation, and relevant legislative action by the 106th Congress. It also considers emerging results from the California class size reduction effort, the state effort most closely watched by proponents and opponents of the federal CSR program.
Date:
July 6, 2000
Creator:
Stedman, James B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electricity Restructuring: Comparison of Comprehensive Bills
Once considered the nation's most regulated industry, the electric utility industry is evolving into a more competitive environment. Currently, the focus of this development is the generating sector, where the advent of new generating technologies has lowered both entry barriers to competitors of traditional utilities and the marginal costs of those competitors below those of some traditional utilities. This technological advance has combined with legislative initiatives, such as the Energy Policy Act (EPACT), to encourage the introduction of competitive forces into the electric generating sector.
Date:
July 24, 2000
Creator:
Parker, Larry & Abel, Amy
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Overview of NEPA Requirements
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) establishes national environmental policies that apply to the federal government and also prescribes certain procedural requirements for federal agency actions. Except as otherwise provided by Congress, NEPA applies to all federal agency actions, although its requirements may vary depending on the nature of the action involved. This report provides an overview of NEPA's requirements. It is not anticipated that this report will be updated.
Date:
July 6, 2000
Creator:
Baldwin, Pamela
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Marriage Tax Penalty: An Overview of the Issues
None
Date:
July 7, 2000
Creator:
Gravelle, Jane G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Marriage Tax Penalties: Legislative Proposals in the 106th Congress
None
Date:
July 14, 2000
Creator:
Esenwein, Gregg A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Executive and Independent Agency Publications: Where to Get Official Documents
This is a directory of telephone numbers and addresses that congressional offices may use to obtain publications from the Executive Office of the President, the executive departments, and the independent agencies and commissions of the federal government. Electronic sources are included for locating copies of government publications on the Internet. The information for each agency was provided by the agency itself.
Date:
July 14, 2000
Creator:
Campos, Jesus
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Holocaust--Recovery of Assets from World War II: A Chronology (May 1995 to Present)
This report is a compilation of recent investigations (May 7, 1995 - July 26, 2000) into the role of Swiss banks and other institutions dealing with the recovery of hidden or stolen assets of victims of the Holocaust from World War II (1939-1945).
Date:
July 31, 2000
Creator:
Salazar, Barbara A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Russia's Paris Club Debt: U.S. Interests
Russia is seeking substantial debt forgiveness from its Paris Club debt of some $42 billion. Germany holds about half this official debt; the United States share is 6%. The United States may adopt a policy of no debt relief, of rescheduling payments of principal and interest, or of debt forgiveness. The official position of creditor countries in the Paris Club is for no debt forgiveness. Many in Congress support linkage of any debt relief to an end of the Chechnya conflict and of aid to Serbia, and other foreign and security issues. H.R. 4118, "Russian-American Trust and Cooperation Act of 2000," dealing with a Russian intelligence facility in Cuba, was reported out of the U.S. House of Representatives to be debated starting Wednesday, July 19, 2000. Paris Club negotiations will be discussed at the Okinawa G-8 meeting, July 21-22, 2000. This report will not be updated.
Date:
July 18, 2000
Creator:
Hardt, John P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Minimum Wage: An Overview of Issues Before the 106th Congress
None
Date:
July 19, 2000
Creator:
Whittaker, William G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Biosafety Protocol for Genetically Modified Organisms: Overview
The Biosafety Protocol to the 1992 Convention on biological Diversity, adopted in early 2000, addresses the safe handling, transfer, and trade of biological organisms. The Protocol sets forth procedures and rules concerning trade in biological products, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have engendered controversy, especially when they are used as agricultural crops. These rules are of key importance to U.S. economic interests in agriculture as well as those dealing in other genetically modified organisms. This report provides a brief summary of the key provisions of the Protocol and the major issues associated with them.
Date:
July 5, 2000
Creator:
Segarra, Alejandro E.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Surplus Federal Property
The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 created new procurement procedures for federal civilian agencies and established the General Services Administration as a central procurement agent.1 Since that time, this enabling law has evolved through amendments to provide GSA with an integrated system of administrative procedures to carry out its federal procurement and supply activities.
Date:
July 14, 2000
Creator:
Smith, Stephanie
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
World Heritage Convention and U.S. National Parks
On July 13, 2000, the House passed H.R. 4811, the FY 2001 Foreign Operations bill, containing language prohibiting the use of any funds in the bill for the United Nations World Heritage Fund. This Fund provides technical assistance to countries requesting help in protecting World Heritage sites. On May 20, 1999, the House passed (by voice vote) the American Land Sovereignty Protection Act (H.R. 883), which requires congressional approval to add any additional U.S. national parks and monuments to the World Heritage List, a UNESCO-administered list established by the 1972 World Heritage Convention. This paper describes the operation of the UNESCO Convention and will be updated periodically.
Date:
July 17, 2000
Creator:
McHugh, Lois B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security and the Federal Budget: What Does Social Security's Being "Off Budget" Mean?
None
Date:
July 20, 2000
Creator:
Koitz, David Stuart
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Social Security: Taxation of Benefits
None
Date:
July 28, 2000
Creator:
Kollmann, Geoffrey
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Value-Added Tax as a New Revenue Source
Some Members of Congress have expressed interest in the feasibility of using a value-added tax (VAT) to either replace all or part of the income tax or finance health care reform. A VAT is imposed at all levels of production on the differences between firms' sales and their purchases from all other firms. Policymakers may be interested in the following aspects of a VAT: revenue yield, international comparison of composition of taxes, vertical equity, neutrality, inflation, balance-of-trade, national saving, administrative cost, intergovernmental relations, size of government, and public opinion.
Date:
July 10, 2000
Creator:
Bickley, James M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electric-Drive Propulsion for U.S. Navy Ships: Background and Issues for Congress
This report provides background information and discusses issues for Congress regarding the use of electric-drive propulsion technology (as opposed to traditional mechanical-drive technology) on U.S. Navy ships. As a result of technological developments over the last few years, electric-drive technology has matured to the point where the Navy has selected it for use on its planned next-generation DD-21 land-attack destroyer and is considering it for use on other kinds of Navy ships as well.
Date:
July 31, 2000
Creator:
O'Rourke, Ronald
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missile Proliferation in India and Pakistan: Issues for Congress
None
Date:
July 31, 2000
Creator:
Kronstadt, K. Alan
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library