3-D Silicon Photonic Lattices- Cornerstone of an Emerging Photonics Revolution (open access)

3-D Silicon Photonic Lattices- Cornerstone of an Emerging Photonics Revolution

Three-dimensional photonic lattices are engineered materials which are the photonic analogues of semiconductors. These structures were first proposed and demonstrated in the mid-to-late 1980's. However, due to fabrication difficulties, lattices active in the infrared are only just emerging. Wide ranges of structures and fabrication approaches have been investigated. The most promising approach for many potential applications is a diamond-like structure fabricated using silicon microprocessing techniques. This approach has enabled the fabrication of 3-D silicon photonic lattices active in the infrared. The structures display band gaps centered from 12{micro} down to 1.55{micro}.
Date: July 8, 1999
Creator: Fleming, J.G. & Lin, Shawn-Yu
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
5/10-MVA high temperature superconducting power transformer. Progress report for the period May 1998 - June 1999 (open access)

5/10-MVA high temperature superconducting power transformer. Progress report for the period May 1998 - June 1999

None
Date: July 28, 1999
Creator: Intermagnetics General Corporation
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
241-Z-361 Sludge Characterization Sampling and Analysis Plan (open access)

241-Z-361 Sludge Characterization Sampling and Analysis Plan

This sampling and analysis plan (SAP) identifies the type, quantity, and quality of data needed to support characterization of the sludge that remains in Tank 241-2-361. The procedures described in this SAP are based on the results of the 241-2-361 Sludge Characterization Data Quality Objectives (DQO) (BWHC 1999) process for the tank. The primary objectives of this project are to evaluate the contents of Tank 241-2-361 in order to resolve safety and safeguards issues and to assess alternatives for sludge removal and disposal.
Date: July 29, 1999
Creator: BANNING, D.L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
11th International Conference of Radiation Research (open access)

11th International Conference of Radiation Research

Topics discussed in the conference included the following: Radiation Physics, Radiation Chemistry and modelling--Radiation physics and dosimetry; Electron transfer in biological media; Radiation chemistry; Biophysical and biochemical modelling; Mechanisms of DNA damage; Assays of DNA damage; Energy deposition in micro volumes; Photo-effects; Special techniques and technologies; Oxidative damage. Molecular and cellular effects-- Photobiology; Cell cycle effects; DNA damage: Strand breaks; DNA damage: Bases; DNA damage Non-targeted; DNA damage: other; Chromosome aberrations: clonal; Chromosomal aberrations: non-clonal; Interactions: Heat/Radiation/Drugs; Biochemical effects; Protein expression; Gene induction; Co-operative effects; ``Bystander'' effects; Oxidative stress effects; Recovery from radiation damage. DNA damage and repair -- DNA repair genes; DNA repair deficient diseases; DNA repair enzymology; Epigenetic effects on repair; and Ataxia and ATM.
Date: July 18, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
1996 Gordon Research Conference on Archaea - Ecology, Metabolism, and Molecular Biology, to be held July 14-19, 1996. Final progress report (open access)
1998 Statewide Audit - A Summary for the Texas Legislature (open access)

1998 Statewide Audit - A Summary for the Texas Legislature

Report of the Texas State Auditor's Office related to specific information on the performance of Texas state entities in implementing key federal programs, particularly regarding the financial statements of the State, the fulfillment of audit requirements in compliance with the federal Single Audit Act of 1996, and the compliance with significant bond covenants.
Date: July 1999
Creator: Texas. Office of the State Auditor.
Object Type: Report
System: The Portal to Texas History
1999 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Population Biology. Final Progress Report (open access)

1999 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Population Biology. Final Progress Report

None
Date: July 23, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
2401-W Waste storage building closure plan (open access)

2401-W Waste storage building closure plan

This plan describes the performance standards met and closure activities conducted to achieve clean closure of the 2401-W Waste Storage Building (2401-W) (Figure I). In August 1998, after the last waste container was removed from 2401-W, the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (DOE-RL) notified Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) in writing that the 2401-W would no longer receive waste and would be closed as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 treatment, storage, and/or disposal (TSD) unit (98-EAP-475). Pursuant to this notification, closure activities were conducted, as described in this plan, in accordance with Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-610 and completed on February 9, 1999. Ecology witnessed the closure activities. Consistent with clean closure, no postclosure activities will be necessary. Because 2401-W is a portion of the Central Waste Complex (CWC), these closure activities become the basis for removing this building from the CWC TSD unit boundary. The 2401-W is a pre-engineered steel building with a sealed concrete floor and a 15.2-centimeter concrete curb around the perimeter of the floor. This building operated from April 1988 until August 1998 storing non-liquid containerized mixed waste. All waste storage occurred indoors. No potential existed for 2401-W operations …
Date: July 15, 1999
Creator: Luke, S. M.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
29th Annual PolyMAC Meeting: Book of Abstracts (open access)

29th Annual PolyMAC Meeting: Book of Abstracts

A sixteen-run, Resolution IV, fractional factorial screening design has been used to evaluate the relative significance of seven independent material and process variables for an electrically deposited commercial acrylic paint. A Resolution IV design was chosen so that variable interactions could be detected without any interference from the effects of the variables themselves. Because resource limitations did not permit use of a Resolution V design, the two-way interactions were confounded with one another in groups of three, which unfortunately made interpretation of the results more complicated. Each design point was replicated once and a pair of centerpoints were run at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the design points. A total of 38 test panels were prepared. Independent variables used in this experiment were total charge, current density, mixer speed, silica content, crossover point, temperature and solids fraction. The magnitude of each independent variable's effect on the dependent response variables was estimated by fitting a first-order model with two-way interaction terms. Three-way interactions were assumed to be insignificant. Interaction confounding was eliminated by using the significance of the independent variables to determine which of the three possible interactions was significant. Data analysis was performed using the …
Date: July 23, 1999
Creator: Balazs, B.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
3D finite-difference frequency-domain code for electromagnetic induction tomography (open access)

3D finite-difference frequency-domain code for electromagnetic induction tomography

The effect of shrapnel on target chamber components and experiments at large lasers such as the National Ignition Facility at LLNL and the Megajoule Laser at CESTA in France is an important issue in fielding targets and exposure samples. Modeling calculations are likely to be an important component of this effort. Some work in this area has been performed by French workers, who are collaborating with the LLNL on many issues relating to target chamber, experiment-component, and diagnostics survival. Experiments have been performed at the PhCbus laser in France to measure shrapnel produced by laser-driven targets; among these shots were experiments that accelerated spheres of a size characteristic of some of the more damaging shrapnel. These spheres were stopped in polyethylene witness plates. The penetration depth is characteristic of the velocity of the shrapnel. Experimental calibration of steel sphere penetration into polyethylene was performed at the CESTA facility. The penetration depth has been reported (ref. 1) and comparisons with modeling calculations have been made (ref. 2). There was interest in a comparison study of the modeling of these experiments to provide independent checks of the calculations. This work has been approved both by DOE headquarters and by the French Atomic …
Date: July 28, 1999
Creator: Berryman, J. G.; Champagne, N. J., II & Buettner, H. M.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Absorbance and Photoluminescence of Si, Ge, and MoS2 Nanoparticles Studied by Liquid Chromatography (open access)

Absorbance and Photoluminescence of Si, Ge, and MoS2 Nanoparticles Studied by Liquid Chromatography

The authors have successfully synthesized highly crystalline, size-selected indirect band-gap nanocrystals (NC) of Si, Ge and MoS{sub 2} in the size range 2-10 nm in inverse micelles and studied their optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties using liquid chromatography. Room temperature, visible PL from these nanocrystals was demonstrated in the range 700-350 nm (1.8-3.5 eV). their experimental results are interpreted in terms of the corresponding electronic structure of the bulk materials and it is demonstrated that these nanocrystals retain bulk-like electronic character to sizes as small as 2 nm, but the absorbance energies are strongly blue-shifted by quantum confinement. The experimental results on Si-NCs are also compared to earlier work on Si clusters grown by other techniques and to the predictions of various model calculations. Currently, the wide variations in the theoretical predictions of the various models along with considerable uncertainties in experimental size determination for clusters less than 3-4 nm, make it difficult to select the best model.
Date: July 12, 1999
Creator: Provencio, P. P.; Samara, G. A. & Wilcoxon, J. P.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Accelerated Life Testing and Service Lifetime Prediction for PV Technologies in the Twenty-First Century (open access)

Accelerated Life Testing and Service Lifetime Prediction for PV Technologies in the Twenty-First Century

The purposes of this paper are to (1) discuss the necessity for conducting accelerated life testing (ALT) in the early stages of developing new photovoltaic (PV) technologies, (2) elucidate the crucial importance for combining ALT with real-time testing (RTT) in terrestrial environments for promising PV technologies for the 21st century, and (3) outline the essential steps for making a service lifetime prediction (SLP) for any PV technology. The specific objectives are to (a) illustrate the essential need for ALT of complete, encapsulated multilayer PV devices, (b) indicate the typical causes of degradation in PV stacks, (c) elucidate the complexity associated with quantifying the durability of the devices, (d) explain the major elements that constitute a generic SLP methodology, (e) show how the introduction of the SLP methodology in the early stages of new device development can reduce the cost of technology development, and (f) outline the procedure for combining the results of ALT and RTT, establishing degradation mechanisms, using sufficient numbers of samples, and applying the SLP methodology to produce a SLP for existing or new PV technologies.
Date: July 13, 1999
Creator: Czanderna, A. W. & Jorgensen, G. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance/status of construction at suspension of the Hanford cone penetrometer multi-sensor and multi-sample soil sampler probe systems (open access)

Acceptance/status of construction at suspension of the Hanford cone penetrometer multi-sensor and multi-sample soil sampler probe systems

This document describes the condition of the multi-sensor cone penetrometer probe system at project termination.
Date: July 16, 1999
Creator: Troyer, G. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Acceptance test report for the AN valve pit leak detection and low point drain assembly mock up test procedure (open access)

Acceptance test report for the AN valve pit leak detection and low point drain assembly mock up test procedure

This document describes The Performance Mock-up Test Procedure for the Valve Pit Leak Detection and Low Point Drain Assembly Performance Mock-Up Test Procedure.
Date: July 20, 1999
Creator: Ewer, K. L.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Actinide Biocolloid Formation in Brine by Halophilic Bacteria (open access)

Actinide Biocolloid Formation in Brine by Halophilic Bacteria

We examined the ability of a halophilic bacterium (WFP 1A) isolated from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) site to accumulate uranium in order to determine the potential for biocolloid facilitated actinide transport. The bacterial cell Surface functional groups involved in the complexation of the actinide were determined by titration. Uranium, added as uranyl nitrate, was removed from solution at pH 5 by cells but at pH 7 and 9 very little uranium was removed due to its limited volubility. Although present as soluble species, uranyl citrate at pH 5, 7, and 9, and uranyl carbonate at pH 9 were not removed by the bacterium because they were not bioavailable due to their neutral or negative charge. Addition of uranyl EDTA to brine at pH 5, 7, and 9 resulted in the immediate precipitation of U. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that uranium was not only associated with the cell surface but also accumulated intracellulary as uranium-enriched granules. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, of the bacterial cells indicated the bulk sample contained more than one uranium phase. Nevertheless these results show the potential for the formation of actinide bearing bacterial biocolloids …
Date: July 28, 1999
Creator: Gillow, J. B.; Francis, A. J.; Dodge, C. J.; Harris, R.; Beveridge, T. J.; Brady, P. V. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive forward-inverse modeling of reservoir fluids away from wellbores (open access)

Adaptive forward-inverse modeling of reservoir fluids away from wellbores

This Final Report contains the deliverables of the DeepLook Phase I project entitled, ''Adaptive Forward-Inverse Modeling of Reservoir Fluids Away from Wellbores''. The deliverables are: (i) a description of 2-D test problem results, analyses, and technical descriptions of the techniques used, (ii) a listing of program setup commands that construct and execute the codes for selected test problems (these commands are in mathematical terminology, which reinforces technical descriptions in the text), and (iii) an evaluation and recommendation regarding continuance of this project, including considerations of possible extensions to 3-D codes, additional technical scope, and budget for the out-years. The far-market objective in this project is to develop advanced technologies that can help locate and enhance the recovery of oil from heterogeneous rock formations. The specific technical objective in Phase I was to develop proof-of-concept of new forward and inverse (F-I) modeling techniques [Gelinas et al, 1998] that seek to enhance estimates (images) of formation permeability distributions and fluid motion away from wellbore volumes. This goes to the heart of improving industry's ability to jointly image reservoir permeability and flow predictions of trapped and recovered oil versus time. The estimation of formation permeability away from borehole measurements is an ''inverse'' problem. …
Date: July 30, 1999
Creator: Ziagos, J P; Gelinas, R J; Doss, S K & Nelson, R G
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adaptive optics high resolution spectroscopy: present status and future direction (open access)

Adaptive optics high resolution spectroscopy: present status and future direction

High resolution spectroscopy experiments with visible adaptive optics (AO) telescopes at Starfire Optical Range and Mt. Wilson have demonstrated that spectral resolution can be routinely improved by a factor of - 10 over the seeing-limited case with no extra light losses at visible wavelengths. With large CCDs now available, a very wide wavelength range can be covered in a single exposure. In the near future, most large ground-based telescopes will be equipped with powerful A0 systems. Most of these systems are aimed primarily at diffraction-limited operation in the near IR. An exciting new opportunity will thus open up for high resolution IR spectroscopy. Immersion echelle gratings with much coarser grooves being developed by us at LLNL will play a critical role in achieving high spectral resolution with a compact and low cost IR cryogenically cooled spectrograph and simultaneous large wavelength coverage on relatively small IR detectors. We have constructed a new A0 optimized spectrograph at Steward Observatory to provide R = 200,000 in the optical, which is being commissioned at the Starfire Optical Range 3.5m telescope. We have completed the optical design of the LLNL IR Immersion Spectrograph (LISPEC) to take advantage of improved silicon etching technology. Key words: adaptive …
Date: July 27, 1999
Creator: Alcock, C.; Angel, R.; Ciarlo, D.; Fugate, R. O.; Ge, J.; Kuzmenko, P. et al.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Additionality of emissions reductions from clean development mechanism projects: issues and options for project-level assessments (open access)

Additionality of emissions reductions from clean development mechanism projects: issues and options for project-level assessments

None
Date: July 1, 1999
Creator: Meyers, Stephen
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adhesion, Deformation and Friction for Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au and Si Surfaces (open access)

Adhesion, Deformation and Friction for Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au and Si Surfaces

Using Interracial Force Microscopy (IFM), we investigated the tribological behavior of hexadecanethiol monolayer on Au and films of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS), perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFTS) and dodecane on Si. We observe a strong correlation between hysteresis in a compression cycle (measured via nanoindentation) and friction. Additionally, we suggest that the amount of hysteresis and friction in each film is related to its detailed molecular structure, especially the degree of molecular packing.
Date: July 7, 1999
Creator: Houston, J. E.; Hsung, R. P.; Kiely, J. D.; Mulder, J. A. & Zhu, X. Y.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Adsorption of Pu(IV) Polymer onto 304L Stainless Steel (open access)

Adsorption of Pu(IV) Polymer onto 304L Stainless Steel

'The report, Technical Basis for Safe Operations with Pu-239 Polymer in NMS S Operating Facilities (F H Areas), (WSRC-TR-99-00008) was issued in an effort to upgrade the Authorization Basis (AB) for H Area facilities relative to nuclear criticality. At the time, insufficient data were found in the literature to quantify the adsorption of Pu polymer onto the surfaces of stainless steel tanks. Additional experimental or literature information on the adsorption of Pu(IV) polymer and its removal was deemed necessary to support the H Area AB. The results obtained are also applicable to processing in F Area facilities.Additional literature sources suggest that adsorption on the tank walls should not be a safety concern. The sources show that the amount of Pu polymer that adsorbs from a solution comes to a limiting amount in 5 to 7 days after which no additional Pu is adsorbed. Adsorption increases with Pu concentration and decreases with acid concentration. The adsorbed amounts are small varying from 0.5 mg/cm2 for a 0.5 g/l Pu / 0.5M HNO3 solution to 11 mg/cm2 for a 1-3 g/l Pu / 0.1M HNO3 solution. Additionally, acid concentrations greater than 0.1M will remove a percentage of adsorbed Pu.The experimental results have generally …
Date: July 16, 1999
Creator: Bronikowski, M.G.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced Emissions Control Development Program: Phase III (open access)

Advanced Emissions Control Development Program: Phase III

The primary objective of the Advanced Emissions Control Development Program (AECDP) is to develop practical, cost-effective strategies for reducing the emissions of air toxics from coal-fired boilers. The project goal is to effectively control air toxic emissions through the use of conventional flue gas clean-up equipment such as electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), fabric filters (baghouses - BH), and wet flue gas desulfurization systems (WFGD). Development work concentrated on the capture of trace metals, fine particulate, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride, with an emphasis on the control of mercury. The AECDP project is jointly funded by the US Department of Energy's Federal Energy Technology Center (DOE), the Ohio Coal Development Office within the Ohio Department of Development (OCDO), and Babcock and Wilcox, a McDermott company (B and W). This report discusses results of all three phases of the AECDP project with an emphasis on Phase III activities. Following the construction and evaluation of a representative air toxics test facility in Phase I, Phase II focused on characterization of the emissions of mercury and other air toxics and the control of these emissions for typical operating conditions of conventional flue gas clean-up equipment. Some general comments that can be made about the control …
Date: July 1, 1999
Creator: Amrhein, G. T.; Bailey, R. T.; Downs, W.; Holmes, M. J.; Kudlac, G. A. & Madden, D. A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS RESEARCH (open access)

ADVANCED GAS TURBINE SYSTEMS RESEARCH

The activities of the AGTSR Program during this reporting period are described in this report. As has become tradition, the report is divided into discussions on Membership, Administration, Technology Transfer (Workshop/Education) and Research. Items worthy are highlighted below with additional explanation in the text of the report.
Date: July 1, 1999
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Advanced geothermal hydraulics model -- Phase 1 final report, Part 2 (open access)

Advanced geothermal hydraulics model -- Phase 1 final report, Part 2

An advanced geothermal well hydraulics model (GEODRIL) is being developed to accurately calculate bottom-hole conditions in these hot wells. In Phase 1, real-time monitoring and other improvements were added to GEODRIL. In Phase 2, GEODRIL will be integrated into Marconi's Intelligent Drilling Monitor (IDM) that will use artificial intelligence to detect lost circulation, fluid influxes and other circulation problems in geothermal wells. This software platform has potential for significantly reducing geothermal drilling costs.
Date: July 1, 1999
Creator: Zheng, W.; Fu, J. & Maurer, W. C.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
ADVANCED HYBRID PARTICULATE COLLECTOR (open access)

ADVANCED HYBRID PARTICULATE COLLECTOR

A new concept in particulate control, called an advanced hybrid particulate collector (AHPC), is being developed under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy. The AHPC combines the best features of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and baghouses in a manner that has not been done before. The AHPC concept consists of a combination of fabric filtration and electrostatic precipitation in the same housing, providing major synergism between the two collection methods, both in the particulate collection step and in transfer of the dust to the hopper. The AHPC provides ultrahigh collection efficiency, overcoming the problem of excessive fine-particle emission with conventional ESPs, and it solves the problem of reentrainment and collection of dust in conventional baghouses.
Date: July 1, 1999
Creator: Schelkoph, Grant L. & Miller, Stanley J.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library