Since space charge waves on a particle beam exhibit both dispersive and nonlinear character, solitary waves or solitons are possible. Dispersive, nonlinear wave propagation in high current beams is found to be similar to ion-acoustic waves in plasmas with an analogy between Debye screening and beam pipe shielding. Exact longitudinal solitary wave propagation is found for potentials associated with certain transverse distributions which fill the beam pipe. For weak dispersion, the waves satisfy the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation, but for strong dispersion they exhibit breaking. More physically realizable distributions which do not fill the beam pipe are investigated and shown to also satisfy a KdV equation for weak dispersion if averaging over rapid transverse motion is physically justified. Scaling laws are presented to explore likely parameter regimes where these phenomena may be observed experimentally.

Radiation enhanced, aqueous corrosion of solid neutron-targets such as tungsten or tantalum, or target cladding or structural materials such as superalloys and stainless steels, is a significant concern in accelerator-driven transmutation technologies. In this paper we briefly describe our current methods for control and in situ monitoring of corrosion in accelerator cooling water loops. Using floating, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we have measured the corrosion rates of aluminum 6061, copper, Inconel 718, and 304L stainless steel in the flow loop of a water target irradiated by a {mu}amp, 800 MeV proton beam. Impedance spectroscopy allows us to model the corrosion process of a material as an equivalent electrical circuit. Thus the polarization resistance, which is inversely proportional to the corrosion rate, can be extracted from the frequency response of a metal specimen. During a three month period, without the use of corrosion mitigation techniques, we observed increases of several orders of magnitude in the water conductivity and the corrosion rates. The increase in corrosion is at least partially attributed to a build up of peroxide in our pseudo-closed loop system. In this paper we also briefly describe our second generation experiments, scheduled to begin in late 1996. In these experiments …

We briefly review the covariant formulation of the Green-Schwarz superstring by Berkovits, and describe how a detailed tree-level and one-loop analysis of this model leads, for the first time, to a derivation of the low-energy effective action of the heterotic superstring while keeping target-space supersymmetry manifest. The resulting low-energy theory is old-minimal supergravity coupled to tensor multiplet. The dilaton is part of the compensator multiplet.

An overview of the underlying science of the Human Genome Project

This paper describes the reconstruction algorithm used in trc, program usage and gives some examples. Also given are sensitivity plots, which show the error in reconstruction due to insufficient profiles, samples, random noise, and an error estimate in synchrotron period.

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Summary describing the work completed at Padre Island National Seahorse National Park Service for 'Marine Debris Point Source Investigation: Padre Island National Seashore March 1994-September 1995.' It includes background information on the project funding and sponsorship, goals, methodology, and findings.

Report contains a collection of environmental studies conducted by the MMS in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico to guide and ensure responsible stewardship of the coastal and marine environments of the NE Gulf of Mexico and balance this against energy needs for the American public.

Newsletter dedicated to traveling in Texas, including information about news, locations, and events of interest to visitors as well as statistics and summaries of travel in the state.

A countercurrent gaseous diffusion model was developed to describe oxidation through porous coatings and scales. The specific system modeled involved graphite oxidized through a porous alumina (Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}) overcoat between 570 C (1,058 F) and 975 C (1,787 F). The model separated the porous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coating into two gas diffusion regions separated by a flame front, where oxygen (O{sub 2}) and carbon monoxide (CO) react to form carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}). In the outer region O{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} counterdiffused. In the inner region, CO{sub 2} and CO counterdiffused. Concentration gradients of each gaseous specie in the pores of the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} were determined, and the oxidation rate was calculated. The model was verified by oxidation experiments using graphite through various porous Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} overcoats. The Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} overcoats ranged in fractional porosity and in average pore radius from 0.077 {micro}m (3.0 x 10{sup -6} in., Knudsen diffusion) to 10.0 {micro}m (3.9 x 10{sup -4} in., molecular diffusion). Predicted and measured oxidation rates were shown to have the same dependence upon porosity, pore radius, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure (P{sub O{sub 2}}). Use of the model was proposed for other oxidation systems and …

This analysis is prepared by the Mined Geologic Disposal System (MGDS) Waste Package Development Department (WPDD) to compare the criticality potential of Westinghouse 17 x 17 mixed oxide (MOX) PWR fuel with the Design Basis spent nuclear fuel (SNF) analyzed previously (Ref. 5.1, 5.2). The basis of comparison will be the conceptual design Multi-Purpose Canister (MPC) PWR waste package concepts. The objectives of this evaluation are to show that the criticality potential of the MOX fuel is equal to or lower than the DBF or, if necessary, indicate what additional measures are required to make it so.

An announced objective of the Department of Energy in funding this work, and other current research in coal liquefaction, is to produce a synthetic crude from coal at a cost lower than $30.00 per barrel (Task A). A second objective, reflecting a recent change in direction in the synthetic fuels effort of DOE, is to produce a fuel which is low in aromatics, yet of sufficiently high octane number for use in the gasoline- burning transportation vehicles of today. To meet this second objective, research was proposed, and funding awarded, for conversion of the highly-aromatic liquid product from coal conversion to a product high in isoparaffins, which compounds in the gasoline range exhibit a high octane number (Task B).

Conducted planning and implementation of ocean carbon dioxide hydrographic surveys ocean process studies, time-series studies of Bermuda and Hawaii, and sponsored scientific workshops for those activities.

This safety assessment addresses each of the elements required for the proposed action to remove a slurry distributor and to install, operate, and remove a mixing pump in Tank 241-SY-101,which is located within the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington.The proposed action is required as part of an ongoing evaluation of various mitigation concepts developed to eliminate episodic gas releases that result in hydrogen concentrations in the tank dome space that exceed the lower flammability limit.

Salary information was collected for July 1996 for personnel working as nuclear engineers and health physicists. The salary information includes personnel at the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. levels with zero, one, three, four to seven, and eight to ten years of professional work experience. Information is provided for utilities and non-utilities. Non-utilities include private sector organizations and U.S. Department of Energy contractor-operated facilities. Government agencies, the military, academic organizations, and medical facilities are excluded. In previous years the salary data have been collected for October. In 1996, the data were collected for July; thus, some caution must be exercised in making annual salary trend comparisons.

This document summarizes the final results of push mode core samples 131, 133, and 136 for tank 241-U-105.

Final Report for Tank 241-BY-106; Rotary Mode Cores 64 and 65.

The human luminance spatial frequency contrast sensitivity function (CSF) has been well studied using psychophysical measurements by detecting spatial frequency (SF) grating patterns at threshold. Threshold CSFs at different eccentricities have proven to be quite useful in both basic and clinical vision research. However, near threshold, the CSF is measured at a linear area of the saturating contrast-response curve. In contrast, most of our everyday vision may be at suprathreshold levels, and thus may function most of the time at the nonlinear area of the contrast-response curve. In this study, in order to better characterize the CSF at normal contrast levels, we measured the SF tuning functions as well as the CR functions at different suprathreshold contrast levels and different eccentricities of the visual field using noninvasive MEG techniques. In this study, in addition to peak analysis, we have developed more reliable averaged power analysis methods where the average power can be calculated from the entire waveforms.

The U.S. Army Field Assistance Science and Technology Program requested Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to demonstrate the use of lightweight composite materials in construction of overhead covers for reinforced infantry fighting positions. In recent years, ORNL researchers have designed and tested several concepts for lightweight ballistic protection structures, and they have developed numerous prototype composite structures for military and civilian applications. In the current program, composite panel designs and materials are tested and optimized to meet anticipated static and dynamic load conditions for the overhead cover structure. Ten prototype composite covers were built at ORNL for use in Army field tests. Each composite cover has a nominal surface area of 12 ft[sup 2] and a nominal weight of 8 lb. Four of the prototypes are made with folding sections to improve their handling characteristics. The composite covers exhibit equivalent performance in Army field tests to covers made with conventional materials that weigh four times as much.

Because many of the phenomenologically based codes used to support risk assessments require lone execution times, it is important to have a rationally based means for optimizing the choice of parameter values that are input to the code calculations. For this reason, we have developed a method for intelligently searching the space of parameter values to deduce, with as few computations as possible, the values that are most likely to lead to high risk. We have applied the method to a problem involving electrical initiation of an explosive due to the response of the system to fires. We have shown that our method can locate potential risk vulnerabilities with far fewer time-consuming physical response computations than would be necessary using standard sampling approaches.

This paper has two main purposes. The first is to evaluate the interaction of two common complex terrain meteorological phenomena, katabatic flow and mountain waves. Although occasionally investigated together, generally, the large body of literature regarding them has treated each individually. The second purpose is to show the reader the utility of extracting high time resolution data sets of (1) standard meteorological variables, and (2) seldom used, components of the model equations. Using such time series, significant variability is found in the evolving, clear sky, nocturnal boundary layer, when meteorological variability is generally considered to be at its lowest point diurnally. The approach is to use results from three, 3-d, realistic topography simulations produced by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). RAMS is a primitive equation mesoscale model formulated in {sigma} coordinates. The model is set up with five nested grids that focus on Eldorado Canyon, which is embedded in the Front Range slope of Colorado. On the finest grid {Delta}x = {Delta}y = 400 m and {Delta}z = 20 m for the lowest 400 m above ground level (AGL). The three simulations were: (1) a realistic simulation; (2) the same as (1) but without radiative forcing (referred to as …

A side view of the double sided ladder is shown in Figure 1. There are two types of double sided ladder; 6 chip and 9 chip. The 6 chip ladder has three SVX II chips mounted directly opposite the cooling channel and 3 chips mounted at the ladder end. The 9 chip ladder has 4 SVX II chips directly opposite the cooling channel and 5 chips at the ladder end. The power density is highest in the 6 chip ladder. All plots and calculations in this Engineering Note pertain to the 6 chip ladder with the understanding that the 9 chip temperature profile is somewhat improved over the 6 chip due to the reduced power density in the row of chips opposite the cooling channel. The two dimensional finite difference technique used for these calculations is described in DOEN 447 and will not be described here. The assumed thermal conductivity of beryllium is 190 W/m-K, and that of silicon is 149 W/m-K. The SVX II power dissipation is assumed 0.400 W. There is no cable or hybrid component power dissipation in this set of simulations. The epoxy in the glue joints consists of 2 mils thickness of thermally conductive epoxy …

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