The Dynamic Gas Pulse Loading (DGPL) process is an hydraulic fracturing method which uses CO{sub 2} and CO gas as a working fluid instead of a liquid. The DGPL system can be used to generate fractures for horizontal and vertical oil and gas well completions in both open hole and perforated casing. The DGPL system provides a cost effective tool for repairing near well bore permeability damage caused by inappropriate chemical treatment, migrating fines and paraffins, or slotted liners blocked by sand. Because the gas is generated from a solid propellant material by chemical reaction, no heavy equipment is required. Tremendous pump rates can be obtained. Peak pressures are naturally localized at the tool position by the tamping effect of well fluids. Thus many of the leakage and sealing problems which plague static hydrofrac processes ore completely avoided. DGPL may be effectively used before acid treatment to provide fresh pathways for the acid to reach the formation. The smaller tools may be positioned by wireline, though most Stressfrac tools are tubing conveyed.

The GEM collaboration was formed in June 1991 to develop a major detector for the SSC. The primary physics objectives of GEM are those central to the motivation for the SSC, to study high p{sub T} physics - exemplified by the search for Higgs bosons - and to search for new physics beyond the standard model. The authors present in this Technical Design Report (TDR) a detector with broad capabilities for the discovery and subsequent study of electroweak symmetry breaking, the origin of mass and flavor, and other physics requiring precise measurements of gammas, electrons, and muons - hence the name, GEM. In addition, as a design goal, they have taken care to provide the robustness needed to do the physics that requires high luminosity. Finally, good coverage and hermeticity allow the detection of missing transverse energy, E{sub T}. The GEM design emphasizes clean identification and high resolution measurement of the primary physics signatures for high p{sub T} physics. The approach is to make precise energy measurements that maximize the sensitivity to rare narrow resonances, to detect the elementary interaction products (quarks, leptons, and photons), and to build in the features required to reduce backgrounds.

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