We have measured the spectra of gamma rays from approximately 14 MeV to the endpoint in the {sup 89}Y({rvec p},{gamma}) reaction with 19.6 MeV polarized protons from the TUNL tandem accelerator. Gamma spectra were measured with a pair of 25.4 cm {times} 25.4 cm anticoincidence shielded NaI detectors at angles of 30, 55, 90, 125, and 150{degrees} with respect to the incident beam. The {gamma}-ray spectra show significant analyzing powers and forward peaking of the angular distributions. These features allow for the discrimination between compound processes which do not exhibit interference between different channels, and direct processes. The observed interference effects indicate that multistep-direct processes are important at {gamma}-ray energies lower than those for which direct-semidirect capture is the dominant mechanism.

Fine alumina powders of spherical morphology and narrow particle-size distribution have been synthesized by a technique that uses precipitation/peptization/spray drying of boehmite sol prepared from aluminum nitrate. The spray-dried powder was further washed with solvents of varying polarities, such as acetone, isopropanol, and tert-butanol. This post-spray-drying treatment changed the powder`s particle-size distribution, morphology, density, and compaction characteristics. Microstructure, dielectric properties, and effect of post-treatment on the boehmite-sol-derived alumina powders in reducing agglomeration are discussed.

The effects of restricted mass transport on retrogressive reaction pathways can be probed through the study of model compounds immobilized on silica surfaces. Silica-immobilized bibenzyl undergoes a free radical chain rearrangement reaction that converts the thermally labile bibenzylic linkage into a more refractory diphenylmethane-type linkage. The efficiency of this process was found to be quite sensitive to the structure of neighboring molecules on the surface. Co-immobilized naphthalene was more effective that co-immobilized tetralin (a hydrogen donor) in inhibiting the process, apparently by retarding the key hydrogen atom transfer step. The effect of the co-attached molecules on the retrogressive cyclization-dehydrogenation path as well as other reaction pathways for this complex system remain under investigation.

A first step towards producing and effectively utilizing antihydrogen atoms consists of trapping antiprotons. The immediate next step must then be to control, i.e. trap the produced antihydrogen. The current state of the art in trapping antiprotons and positrons is reviewed, and the challenges in trapping the resulting neutral particles are discussed.

Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation is a valuable technique for finding defects in aircraft structures. It can detect unbonds, corrosion damage and cracks in various aircraft components. Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation techniques interrogate materials with high frequency acoustic energy. A piezoelectric transducer generates acoustic energy and converts returned acoustic energy into electrical signals which can be processed to identify the reflector. The acoustic energy propagates through the component and is reflected by abrupt changes in modulus and/or density that can be caused by a defect. Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation typically provides a two dimensional image of internal defects. These images are either a planar view (C-scan) or a cross-sectional view (B-scan) of the component. The planar view is generated by raster scanning an ultrasonic transducer over the area of interest and capturing the peak amplitude of internal reflections. Depth information is generally ignored. The crass-sectional view is generated by scanning the transducer along a line and capturing the amplitude and time of flight for each internal reflection. The amplitude and time of flight information is converted into an image of the cross section of the component. By fusing the C-scan information with the B-scan information a three dimension image of the internal structure of …

Changes in the Department of Energy`s (DOE) scope of work have stimulated several laboratories and commercial companies to develop and apply technology to enhance nuclear material control. Accountability, inventory, radiation exposure, and insider protection concerns increase as many DOE facilities require increased storage. This paper summarizes a study of the existing material control technologies. The goal of the study is to identify, characterize, and quantify the trade-offs associated with using these technologies to provide real-time information on stored nuclear material that in turn supports decreasing the frequency of inventories conducted by site personnel.

An automatic emittance measurement system to characterize the transverse emittance of the electron beam produced by the BNL photocathode electron gun is described. The system utilize a VAX workstation and a Spiricon beam analyzer. A operator window (created through the Vista control software package) controls the emittance measurement system and the graphic presentation of the results. Quadrupole variation method is used for the ATF automatic emittance measurement system. A simple emittance formula was derived to study the performance of the quadrupole variation method, and compared with the ATF experimental data is also presented.

NMP-CS{sub 2} extraction of the Argonne Premium coals results in substantial uptake of NMP, apparently H-bonding most extensively to coals for which extraction is most efficient. The solvent mobilization and exposure of free radicals in the molecular and macromolecular parts of the coals leads to preferential loss of apparently more reactive heteroatom-bearing free radicals. The resulting extract and residue free radicals are more predominantly odd-alternate hydrocarbon fire radicals. SLR of these radicals is determined by the angular amplitudes of free radical motion at the resonance frequency that modulates the electron-nuclear dipolar interaction at the CH groups. The strength of the interaction depends on the degree of ring condensation because of its effect on diluting the electron spin density at the CH group.

The low room-temperature ductility Fe{sub 3}Al-based alloys is associated with their environmental embrittlement. Reducing the aluminum level from 29 to 16 at % has been found to be an effective method in essentially eliminating the environmental-embrittlement effect and increasing the room-temperature ductility value to over 25%. This paper will present data on alloy compositions, melting, casting and processing methods, and mechanical properties. Plans for future work on these alloys will also be described.

This technology transfer conference consisted of the following six sessions: reservoir characterization; drilling, testing and completion; enhanced oil recovery; 3-d seismic and amplitude variation with offset (AVO); biotechnology for field applications; and well logging technology. Selected papers have been processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.

As part of the upgrade program at CDF, electronics has been built to bring the shower max (CES) and preshower (CPR) data into the trigger at level 2. After each crossing, 384 bits from shower max and 192 from the preshower wires are latched. Data from tracks are bussed to this module to provide the wire address and momentum which are then successively compared to the wire data in large look-up tables. Approximately 50 nanoseconds is required to determine a match, write the results in FIFO, and make the results available to track memory. Monte Carlo analysis has indicated that an increase in efficiency of a factor of three in triggering on b decays will be achieved with this hardware.

Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Company, Inc. (REECo) is the prime contractor to the US Department of Energy (DOE) in providing service and support for NTS operations. Mercury Base Camp is the main control point for the many forward areas at NTS, which covers 1,350 square miles. The forward areas are where above-ground and underground nuclear tests have been performed over the last 41 years. No metal (or other material) is returned to Mercury without first being tested for radioactivity. No radioactive metals are allowed to reenter Mercury from the forward areas, other than testing equipment. RAMATROL is the monitor check point. They check material in various ways, including swipe tests, and have a large assortment of equipment for testing. Scrap metal is also checked to address Resource Conservation and Recovery Act concerns. After addressing these issues, the scrap metals are categorized. Federal Property Management Regulations (FPMR) are followed by REECo. The nonradioactive scrap material is sold through the GSA on a scheduled basis. Radioactive scrap metal are presently held in forward areas where they were used. REECo has gained approval of their Nevada Test Site Defense Waste Acceptance Criteria, Certification, and Transfer Requirements, NVO-325 application, which will allow disposal on …

Room-temperature tensile properties of as-cast Fe{sub 3}Al, Fe{sub 3}Al with chromium, and Fe{sub 3}Al-based FA-129 alloy are investigated. Tensile properties were obtained in the as-cast condition and after homogenization at 700, 900, and 1200{degrees}C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize ordered phases, and optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the microstructure and fracture morphology. The results indicate that the low ductility of as-cast Fe{sub 3}Al-based alloys may be related to the relatively large grain size in the cast condition, the low dislocation density in as-cast samples, and the presence of the D0{sub 3} ordered phase. Homogenized samples of FA-129 alloy exhibited almost twice the ductility of the as-cast condition. Microstructural characterization of the homogenized samples and comparison of the as-cast and homogenized microstructures may provide a clue to the poor ductility in the as-cast state.

Impedance measurements, using a central wire to simulate the electron beam, were performed on a 52 Mhz accelerating cavity at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). To damp higher-order modes (HOM) in this cavity, damping antennas have been installed. The authors implemented the impedance measurement technique to characterize the cavity modes up to 1 GHz and confirm the effectiveness of the damping antennas. Scattering parameters were measured using a network analyzer (HP 8510B) and values for R and Q were extracted using a new analytical technique. The results showed good agreement with URMEL simulations and with other independent Q measurements. This technique offers a more time-effective technique for obtaining R/Q, compared with the bead-pull method.

Based on a previously developed formulation for the resolution function of a pulsed-source chopper spectrometer, we describe an algorithm which facilitates the application of resolution calculations in data analysis. The method consists of an estimate of the source pulse shape parameters from a least-squares analysis of the monitor spectra and an efficient evaluation of the spectrometer resolution functions over a wide range of energy transfers using a parametric expression.

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider consists of two interlaced plane rings, a pair of mirror-symmetric beam injection arcs, a spatially curved beam transfer line from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, and a collection of precisely positioned and aligned magnets, on appropriately positioned support stands, threaded on those arcs. RHIC geometry is defined by six beam crossing points exactly in a plane, lying precising at the vertices of a regular hexagon of specified size position and orientation of this hexagon are defined geodetically. Survey control and alignment procedures, currently in use to construct RHIC, are described.

A simplified explanation for gas flow instability in parallel heated channels is presented with specific applications to channels containing packed beds of power-producing particles. The explanation captures the basic governing physics of the viscosity-driven instability and hopefully removes some of the misconceptions surrounding this issue. Simple illustrative calculations, steady-state and transient, using the SAFSIM computer program are included in the explanation. The explanation points out that flow instability is common to any and all gas flow systems with parallel heated channels, that the addition of flow resistance to the entrance of a channel mitigates flow instability, and that instabilities do not occur instantaneously.

Nonlinear self-trapping effects are frequently proposed in the nonlinear science community -- in contexts from excitons, magnons, and polarons in solid state materials, to molecular crystals and polypeptides, to nonlinear optics. The general phenomena of self-trapping involves the self-consistent response of one field to one or more with which it is coupled, and provides excellent examples of coexisting influences of nonlinearity, lattice discreteness, quantum and thermal fluctuations, disorder, competing timescales, etc. Correspondingly, many approximate analytical and numerical techniques have been used to approach these complex issues. Here we consider a simple copper-oxygen cluster which appears in many high-temperature superconductors, which displays unusual structural and optical behavior, and which we model in terms of ``dynamic polaron tunneling.`` We introduce a Peierls-Hubbard model to describe this cluster and use exact diagonalization to evaluate its properties. We emphasize the importance of nonlinear and nonadiabatic aspects of structural measurements, inelastic neutron scattering, and phonon spectroscopy (infrared and Raman).

Alkali metal heat-pipe receivers have been identified as a desirable interface to couple a Stirling-cycle engine with a parabolic dish solar concentrator. The reflux receiver provides power nearly isothermally to the engine heater heads while de-coupling the heater head design from the solar absorber surface design. The independent design of the receiver and engine heater head leads to high system efficiency. Heat pipe reflux receivers have been demonstrated at approximately 30 kW{sub t} power throughput by others. This size is suitable fm engine output powers up to 10 kW{sub e}. Several 25-kW{sub e}, Stirling-cycle engines exist, as well as designs for 75-kW{sub t} parabolic dish solar concentrators. The extension of heat pipe technology from 30 kW{sub t} to 75 kW{sub t} is not trivial. Heat pipe designs are pushed to their limits, and it is critical to understand the flux profiles expected from the dish, and the local performance of the wick structure. Sandia has developed instrumentation to monitor and control the operation of heat pipe reflux receivers to test their throughput limits, and analytical models to evaluate receiver designs. In the past 1.5 years, several heat pipe receivers have been tested on Sandia`s test bed concentrators (TBC`s) and 60-kW{sub …

The Glass, Liquids, and Amorphous Materials Diffractometer (GLAD) at IPNS has now been commissioned and the first scientific measurements have been carried out. Details of the performance of this inswment, including background, calibration, resolution, data rate, data quality, and data reduction and analysis will be discussed.

Many designs use EPLD`s (Erasable Programmable Logic Devices) to implement control logic and state machines. If the design is slow, timing through the EPLD is not crucial so designers often treat the device as a black box. In high speed designs, timing through the EPLD is critical. In these cases a thorough understanding of the device architecture is necessary. This paper discusses lessons learned in the implementation of a high-speed design using the Altera EPM5130.

Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory have been designated as the technical lead for Security, Safeguards and Computer/Information Security systems for all the DOE Complex 21/Weapons Complex Reconfiguration (WCR) facilities. The physical protection systems in these facilities will be required to meet the most current DOE orders and incorporate the latest physical protection technologies, proven state-of-the-art systems and strategies. The planned approach requires that security assistance and information be provided to the designers (e.g. the Complex 21 Architect & Engineer and the Weapons Complex Lead Laboratories) as early as possible and throughout all design phases. The outcome should avoid the costly retrofits to existing facilities that have occurred in the past and result in effective and comprehensive protection against current and projected threats with minimal impact on operations, safety and costs. This paper discusses the physical protection considerations being promoted for the integrated design effort for the Complex 21/Reconfiguration facilities, such as the tritium, uranium/lithium, plutonium processing and storage, high explosive and assembly and disassembly facilities.

The booster at the NSLS is being upgraded from 0.75 to 2 pulses per second by means of the installation of new dipole, quadrupole, and sextupole power supplies. Here the authors outline the design of the power supply control system.

The capture process for a rapid cycling protron synchrotron is studied by numerical simulation. The rf-programming is optimized to allow efficient capture such that minimum particle losses and reasonable capture voltage are attained. The total capture time is constrained to be less than 700 {mu}seconds. Two methods of trapping the injected beam by the synchrotron rf system are examined: by stationary adiabatic capture and by synchronous injection in a standing bucket of the ring. In the adiabatic method, the non-linear function of Lilliequist and Symon is employed. The simulation allows the ``tracking back`` of the original distribution of any set of particles, in particular of those not captured at a given time, which is useful in studying injection alternatives such as shaping the phase-space density prior to injection. The simulation results will be used to design a chopper system to facilitate loss-free injection.