Benchmarking calculations using the code LLUVIA have been performed in support of the code verification activity (COVE 2A) for the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). LLUVIA is a program designed for the efficient solution of one-dimensional, steady flow through multiple layers of saturated or partially saturated, fractured, porous media. The benchmarking calculations involve six steady-state and six time-dependent infiltration problems. For the time-dependent analyses, LLUVIA reported only the final steady-state results. This report documents preliminary calculations, resulting code modifications and final calculations for the COVE 2A study. 7 refs., 79 figs., 3 tabs.

The Crater Flat Tuff is almost entirely below the water table in drill hole USW G-4 at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Manganese-oxide minerals from the Crater Flat Tuff in USW G-4 were studied using optical, scanning electron microscopic, electron microprobe, and x-ray powder diffraction methods to determine their distribution, mineralogy, and chemistry. Manganese-oxide minerals coat fractures in all three members of the Crater Flat Tuff (Prow Pass, Bullfrog, and Tram), but they are most abundant in fractures in the densely welded devitrified intervals of these members. The coatings are mostly of the cryptomelane/hollandite mineral group, but the chemistry of these coatings varies considerably. Some of the chemical variations, particularly the presence of calcium, sodium, and strontium, can be explained by admixture with todorokite, seen in some x-ray powder diffraction patterns. Other chemical variations, particularly between Ba and Pb, demonstrate that considerable substitution of Pb for Ba occurs in hollandite. Manganese-oxide coatings are common in the 10-m interval that produced 75% of the water pumped from USW G-4 in a flow survey in 1983. Their presence in water-producing zones suggests that manganese oxides may exert a significant chemical effect on groundwater beneath Yucca Mountain. In particular, the ability of the manganese oxides …

This report describes past and planned geophysical activities associated with the Yucca Mountain Project and is intended to serve as a starting point for integration of geophysical activities. This report relates past results to site characterization plans, as presented in the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Plan (SCP). This report discusses seismic exploration, potential field methods, geoelectrical methods, teleseismic data collection and velocity structural modeling, and remote sensing. This report discusses surface-based, airborne, borehole, surface-to-borehole, crosshole, and Exploratory Shaft Facility-related activities. The data described in this paper, and the publications discussed, have been selected based on several considerations; location with respect to Yucca Mountain, whether the success or failure of geophysical data is important to future activities, elucidation of features of interest, and judgment as to the likelihood that the method will produce information that is important for site characterization. 65 refs., 19 figs., 12 tabs.

Emplacement borehole orientation directly impacts many aspects of the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) and interactions with the near field environment. This paper considers the impacts of orientation on the hydrologic portion of the environment and its interactions with the EBS. The hydrologic environments is considered from a conceptual standpoint, the numerical analyses are left for subsequent work. As reported in this paper, several aspects of the hydrological environment are more favorable for long term performance of vertically oriented rather than horizontally oriented Waste Packages. 19 refs., 15 figs.

One of the original projects undertaken under the cooperative agreement No. DE-FC04-87AL42558 between the Massachusetts Photovoltaic Program and the United States Department of Energy was to design, build, and test a grain drier which utilized solar energy effectively. Different grains have different drying requirements, and the grain drier team chose to design the drier for rice because of the worldwide economic importance of this staple food and also because of the challenges that drying rice presents. Rice loses much of its market value if it is exposed to large temperature changes while drying; therefore, a solar rice drier must be designed so as to try to level the temperature variations which naturally arise from the intermittency of the solar source. The design team committed itself early in the project to a hybrid concept, where solar energy is utilized in two ways: it is captured {open_quote}thermally{close_quote} in a rock-bed which acts at the same time as thermal storage and buffer, and it is converted {open_quote}directly{close_quote} in a small photovoltaic panel which generates electricity to power a small fan to circulate air through the rock-bed and the grain during daylight hours. At night, natural convection drives the air flow. The design of …

This document provides Revision 3 updates the FTR Users Guide. Revision 3 updates Appendix 1 (FFTF Technical Specifications) to include the following: Documentation of the acceptability of handling metal fuel assemblies in the Closed Loop Ex-Vessel Handling Machine (CLEM) and storing them in the Interim Decay Storage (IDS) vessel. Reactivity limit version (utilizing existing FSAR analysis bounds) to allow for the larger beta-effective associated with the addition of enriched uranium metal and oxide experiments to the core. Operational temperature limits for Open Test Assemblies (OTAs) have been expanded to differentiate between 40-foot experiment test articles, 28-foot Post Irradiation Open Test Assemblies (PIOTAs) and the 28-foot Loose Parts Monitor Assemblies (LMPAs) operating under FFTF core Engineering cognizance.

A global carbon model, the Peng `83 model, has been standardized according to protocols developed for an intermodel comparison. The first part of this document describes the model as they received it, and the second part describes a standardized version of the model, which has been parameterized according to the protocols described. Model performance was evaluated according to defined criteria and a sensitivity analysis of the model was conducted to identify the most important parameters. The standardized model was supplemented with a calibration routine to define reasonable combinations of initial conditions. This improved the ability of the model to hold an initial equilibrium state. Sensitivity analysis showed a shift in parameter importances with time. The initial conditions were of greatest importance for the length of these simulations, but declined in longer simulations. With the initial pCO{sub 2} excluded from the sensitivity analysis, ocean surface area (used to extrapolate results) was second in importance. While the CO{sub 2} exchange rate were initially most important, the model projections of atmospheric CO{sub 2} soon became more sensitive to the alkalinity of the ocean.

The objectives of the present contract study were to select and evaluate up to 10 candidate fungicides. Evaluations of Goal 1 involve laboratory studies on efficacy of candidate compounds on cultured Saprolegniales, and on eggs of rainbow trout and chinook salmon that were previously infected with the fungus. The main objective this year of Goal 2 was to determine the degree of fungal infection in untreated, control fish to establish the extent of the problem.

The main objectives of this study were first, to review and analyze several economic assessments of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy systems, and second, to reformulate an economic model for HDR with revised cost components. The economic models reviewed include the following studies sponsored by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)-Cummings and Morris (1979), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)-Murphy, et al. (1982), United Kingdom (UK)-Shock (1986), Japan-Hori, et al. (1986), Meridian-Entingh (1987) and Bechtel (1988). A general evaluation of the technical feasibility of HDR technology components was also conducted in view of their importance in establishing drilling and reservoir performance parameters required for any economic assessment. In this review, only economic projections for base load electricity produced from HDR systems were considered. Bases of 1989 collars ($) were selected to normalize costs. Following the evaluation of drilling and reservoir performance, power plant choices and cost estimates are discussed in section 6 of the report. In Section 7, the six economics studies cited above are reviewed and compared in terms of their key resource, reservoir and plant performance, and cost assumptions. Based on these comparisons, the report estimates parameters for three composite cases. Important parameters include: (1) resource quality-average geothermal gradient …

The technical content of these five papers is summarized in this report: Benchmark results for particle transport in a binary Markov statistical medium; Statistics, renewal theory, and particle transport; asymptotic limits of a statistical transport description; renormalized equations for linear transport in stochastic media; and solution methods for discrete state Markovian initial value problems.

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The transport systems required to feed a beam of highly relativistic electrons into a free electron laser have to satisfy very stringent requirements with respect to isochronicity and achromaticity. In addition, the line has to be tunable to match different operating modes of the free electron laser. Various beamlines emphasizing different aspects, such as quality of isochronicity and achromaticity, simplicity of the design, and space configurations are shown and compared. Solutions are presented having time resolution in the range of 2 to less than 0.5 picoseconds for one percent of energy spread.

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Recent results of polarization measurements in electromagnetic interactions at intermediate energies are discussed. Prospects of polarization experiments at the new CW electron accelerators, as well as on upgraded older machines are outlined. It is concluded that polarization experiments will play a very important role in the study of the structure of the nucleon and of light nuclei.

Major improvements in the structural and electrical perfection of single crystals of III-V compound semiconductors have been achieved by using new vertical Bridgman-type and vertical gradient freeze techniques. A general review of experimental set-ups used for growth of large diameter crystals of GaP, InP and GaAs is presented. Crystal properties and characteristic features are discussed to illustrate advantages and disadvantages of the vertical Bridgman-type growth techniques. 22 refs., 5 figs.

The general objective is to improve the knowledge about the transferring processes leading from airborne radon/radon daughters to embedded Po-210 in hard surfaces in the indoor environment. The specific goal of the research is to identify situations in which the surface activity of Po-210 can be used as a long-term indicator of lung cancer risk from past or future radon exposures.

The Kesterson Reservoir was planned as a regulating facility to control drainage water discharges into the San Joaquin-Scaramento River Delta from the San Luis Drain'' which was to dispose of salt-ladin agricultural water. Anticipated environmental impacts of the Kesterson operations focused almost exclusively on problems related to seepage and water-logging of nearby lands. Reuse of drainage water for wetlands focused on excessive salinity. Drainage water entered the reservoir in 1978. By 1983 elevated levels of selenium were found with selenium poisoning causing deformed embryos of water birds, adult bird mortality and their poor reproductive success. An estimated 9000 kg of selenium was delivered to Kesterson between 1981 to 1986. This paper details the chronology of the Kesterson crisis and environmental remediation. 20 refs., 1 fig. (BJN)

The Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) is a new, world class facility for research using hot, thermal, cold, and ultra-cold neutrons. At the heart of the facility is a 350-MW{sub th}, heavy water cooled and moderated reactor. The reactor is housed in a central reactor building, with supporting equipment located in an adjoining reactor support building. An array of cold neutron guides fans out into a large guide hall, housing about 30 neutron research stations. Office, laboratory, and shop facilities are included to provide a complete users facility. The ANS is scheduled to begin operation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at the end of the decade. This Plant Design Requirements document defines the plant-level requirements for the design, construction, and operation of the ANS. This document also defines and provides input to the individual System Design Description (SDD) documents. Together, this Plant Design Requirements document and the set of SDD documents will define and control the baseline configuration of the ANS.

This document serves as the proceedings for the annual project review meeting held by Sandia's Photovoltaic Cell Research Division and Photovoltaic Technology Division. It contains information supplied by each organization making a presentation at the meeting, which was held August 7 through 9, 1990 at the Sheraton Hotel in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sessions were held to discuss national photovoltaic programs, one-sun crystalline silicon cell research, concentrator silicon cell research, concentrator 3-5 cell research, and concentrating collector development.

Surfaces have several unique properties that remain unexplained on the atomic level. These include (1) the unique chemical activity of rough surfaces, (2) the breaking of chemical bonds in narrow temperature ranges; and (3) the role of co-adsorption and strongly adsorbed monolayers during catalysis and tribological change (friction, lubrication). The dynamic surface restructuring model and surface structure induced variations in local density of states that have been suggested to rationalize the surface behavior await experimental confirmation. 24 refs., 10 figs., 2 tabs.

The Electronics Group in the Physics Department at Fermilab has designed and has had produced 20 prototypes of a full custom four channel time to voltage converter using the ES2 direct write 2 {mu}m CMOS process. The actual implementation of the design was performed under contract by ASIC designs Inc. of Naperville, Illinois. Each channel has two hit capability and one level of input buffering: that is, up to four voltages representing time internals can be stored from each input for later ADC conversion. The chip produces an edited list of hits and presents the appropriate analog value on its output for each digital value on its hit address lines. The next hit address and analog voltage in the event is presented in response to an external strobe. One current sum proportional to the number of inputs hit for each input buffer is also provided. The chip has been designed to be used on a fastbus TDC card developed here, but it is our belief that it could be adapted to many TDC applications. 2 refs., 8 figs.

This report briefly discusses the following topics: rare and forbidden eta meson and muon decays to test the standard model; tests of charge symmetry and isospin invariance; studies of baryon resonances; and exploratory investigations in support of the previous programs. (LSP)