Rocky Flats is looking for an optimum method for surface treating 304L stainless steel to increase its resistance to tritium permeation. Selected surface treatments were applied to 304L samples. One set of samples was shipped to the Rockwell Corporate Science Center for alternate characterization analysis. Another set was sent to Los Alamos National Laboratory for tritium exposure and ion beam spectrographic analysis. The Science Center performed the following analyses: ellipsometry, contact potential, photoelectron emission, surface energy, surface activation, cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance, and open-circuit potential. Excellent correlation was found between type of treatment and surface activation and electrochemical impedance. Results of the Science Center tests correlated well with actual tritium permeation measurements made at Los Alamos. 8 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

Two methods for computing preconditioners for nonsymmetric block tridiagonal systems of linear equations are investigated. Adaptable general purpose implementations are given for both methods. 11 refs.

This special report presents the results of OTA’s analyses of a group of factors we believe will strongly influence the future direction of U.S. oil production. These factors include the expected profitability of new investments in drilling, the potential of new oil exploration, development, and production technologies, the nature of the remaining oil resource base, and structural changes in the oil industry. The special report also provides a brief discussion of some policy options for Congress to consider if it decides to moderate the expected accelerated decline in U.S. oil production.

In addition to destroying the area near the explosions, a nuclear war would lead to injection of a wide range of substances into the environment, both as a result of the delivery systems and explosions themselves and as a consequence of the blast, fires, and resulting destruction and disruption. While addressing the many remaining uncertainties concerning the effects of smoke injections on climate is the major topic of present research, there are a number of other potential impacts that could have major consequences, but which are currently poorly understood and have not yet been carefully examined. These under-examined effects include perturbations to atmospheric chemistry, the effects of injections of dust and water (which could create ice particles), the consequences of emissions from the smoldering phase of the fires, resuspension of materials due to perturbed surface conditions, and a range of other potential consequences.

After transfection and selection with methotrexate, CHO cell lines were established which contained up to 2000 copies of an expression vector for c-myc protein. The vector contained the Drosophila heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) promoter fused with the coding region of the mouse c-myc gene. Incubation of cells for up to 3 hours at 43/sup 0/C resulted in at least a 100-fold induction of recombinant c-myc mRNA. When cells were shifted back to 37/sup 0/C, within 1 to 4 hours, this RNA was translated into protein to yield about 250 ..mu..g per 10/sup 9/ cells. Cells died a few hours later, suggesting that high concentrations of intracellular c-myc are cytotoxic. 47 refs., 5 figs.

It is possible in principle to measure the poloidal magnetic field profile, and hence, the profile of the plasma current measuring the change in the polarization of a sequence of microwave beams that pass through the plasma. Actual measurements of the plasma current profile would be very interesting in connection with Lower-Hybrid (or EC) current drive experiments since this would provide direct information on modification of the current profile by the application of rf power. A microwave polarimetry diagnostic on MTX as part of the microwave interferometer is being considered. This diagnostic would be constructed in collaboration with Neville Luhmann and Tony Peebles at UCLA. The diagnostic would utilize the multicord far-infrared interferometer which is designed to operate at a base wavelength of 0.185 mm. This paper reviews the understanding of the physics issues raised by this diagnostic, concurring with Luhmann and Peebles' conclusion that the polarimetry measurements would be easier at longer wavelengths. An increase of only a factor of 2 in the wavelength would make a substantial difference since the signal to be measured goes as lambda/sup 4/. Hence, in this paper operation at longer wavelengths (0.337 mm and 0.447 mm) in addition to operation at 0.119 and …

Exploding foil-flyer plate (''electric gun'') methods have been used to shock 21-6-9 stainless steel over a wide range of shock pulse amplitudes (20 to 53 GPa) and durations (10 to 70 ns). Dislocation generation and twinning have been studied in recovered specimens with the results providing support for the concept of finite rate plastic processes. 24 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

None

A key issue in designing and evaluating nuclear safeguards systems is how to validate safeguards effectiveness against a spectrum of potential threats. Safeguards effectiveness is measured by a performance indicator such as the probability of defeating an adversary attempting a malevolent act. Effectiveness validation means a testing program that provides sufficient evidence that the performance indicator is at an acceptable level. Traditional statistical techniques are useful in designing a testing program when numerous independent system trials are possible. However, within the safeguards environment, many situations arise for which traditional statistical approaches may be neither feasible nor appropriate. Such situations can occur, for example, when there are obvious constraints on the number of possible tests due to operational impacts and testing costs. Furthermore, these tests are usually simulations (e.g., staged force-on-force exercises) rather than actual tests, and the system is often modified after each test. Under such circumstances, it is difficult to make and justify inferences about system performance by using traditional statistical techniques. In this paper, we discuss several alternative quantitative techniques for validating system effectiveness. The techniques include: (1) minimizing the number of required tests using sequential testing; (2) combining data from models inspections and exercises using Bayesian statistics …

Determination of the detection sensitivity of a materials accounting system to the loss of special nuclear material (SNM) requires (1) obtaining a relation for the variance of the materials balance by propagation of the instrument errors for the measured quantities that appear in the materials balance equation and (2) substituting measured values and their error standard deviations into this relation and calculating the variance of the materials balance. MAVARIC (Materials Accounting VARIance Calculations) is a custom spreadsheet, designed using the second release of Lotus 1-2-3, that significantly reduces the effort required to make the necessary variance (and covariance) calculations needed to determine the detection sensitivity of a materials accounting system. Predefined macros within the spreadsheet allow the user to carry out long, tedious procedures with only a few keystrokes. MAVARIC requires that the user enter the following data into one of four data tables, depending on the type of the term in the materials balance equation; the SNM concentration, the bulk mass (or solution volume), the measurement error standard deviations, and the number of measurements made during an accounting period. The user can also specify if there are correlations between transfer terms. Based on these data entries, MAVARIC can calculate …

The Vessel Support Subsystem is one of three subsystems comprising the Vessel System of the Modular High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor 4 x 350 MW(t) Plant. The design of this subsystem has been developed by means of the Integrated Approach. This document establishes the functions and system design requirements of the Vessel Support Subsystem from the Functional Analysis, and includes institutional requirements from the Overall Plant Design Specification and the Vessel System Design Description. A description of the subsystem design which satisfies these requirements is presented. Lower-tier requirements at the subsystem level are next defined for the component design. This document also includes information on aspects of subsystem construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning.

Newsletter of the Texas Veterans' Land Board discussing information about the Board as well as news, events, and other relevant information.

Two sensitive techniques are discussed for obtaining vibrational spectra of cluster ions. The first approach is to attach a H/sub 2/ molecule to the hydrated hydronium ions. Because the original goal was to study the hydrated hydronium ions, the attached H/sub 2/ is hoped to have only a small effect on the spectrum. After an O-H stretch of the cluster ion has been excited, it vibrationally predissociates, losing the H/sub 2/. By monitoring the dissociation product as a function of laser frequency, the absorption spectra of these H/sub 3/O/sup +/ . (H/sub 2/O)/sub n/ . H/sub 2/ (n = 1,2,3) ions have been found. The second approach is to detect the vibrationally excited H/sub 3/O/sup +/ . (H/sub 2/O)/sub n/ (n = 1,2,3) ions using an infrared multiphoton dissociation process. The procedure is to first excite from v = 0 to v = 1 in the O-H stretch using a tunable ir laser. We then make use of the fact that the density of states near v = 0 and v = 1 are very different, and the vibrationally excited ionic clusters, which contain many low frequency vibrations, are likely to be in the quasicontinuum region for the sequential excitation …

A neutral 100kev Li beam has been used as a diagnostic tool for determining current, plasma density, and magnetic pitch angle on the Texas EXperimental Tokamak. Scale up of this diagnostic for the Tokomak Fusion Test Reactor would require use of a Li/sup -/ beam because of the inefficiency of neutralizing Li/sup +/ at the high energies required. This paper discusses effects to generate Li/sup -/ beams from a plasma discharge. 8 refs.

The equivalence of the Birch-Murnoghan equation to a linear U/sub s/-U/sub p/ equation was illustrated in the previous paper. Here it is shown in a direct manner how the virial theorem boundary localization of valence electron kinetic energy changes lead to the convergence of the Eulerian strain expansion about the zero-pressure state.

A computer program and data base are presented which can be used to calculate, with a personal computer, photon cross sections for scattering, photoelectric absorption and pair production, as well as total attenuation coefficients, in any element, compound or mixture, at energies from 1 keV to 100 GeV.