This report is a descriptive journey of the advanced nonlinear theory: long term stability at the SSC

A linear induction accelerator that produces a beam of energetic (5 to 20 GeV) heavy (130 to 210 amu) ions is a prime candidate as a driver for inertial fusion. Continuing developments in sources for ions with charge state greater than unity allow a potentially large reduction in the driver cost and an increase in the driver efficiency. The use of high undepressed tunes (sigma/sub 0/ approx. = 85/sup 0/) and low depressed tunes (sigma approx. = 8.5/sup 0/) also contributes to a potentially large reduction in the driver cost. The efficiency and cost of the induction linac system are discussed as a function of output energy and pulse repetition frequency for several ion masses and charge states. The cost optimization code LIACEP, including accelerating module alternatives, transport modules, and scaling laws, is presented. Items with large cost-leverage are identified as a guide to future research activities and development of technology that can yield substantial reductions in the accelerator system cost and improvement in the accelerator system efficiency. Finally, a cost-effective strategy using heavy ion induction linacs in a development scenario for inertial fusion is presented. 34 refs., 6 figs., 7 tabs.

This paper presents an analysis of the results of recent temperature measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). The observations for wavelengths longer than 0.1 cm are well fit by a blackbody spectrum at 2.74 {+-} 0.02 K; however, including the new data of Matsumoto et al. (1987) the result is no longer consistent with a Planckian spectrum. The data are described by a Thomson-distortion parameter u = 0.021 {+-} 0.002 and temperature 2.823 {+-} 0.010 K at the 68% confidence level. Fitting the low-frequency data to a Bose-Einstein spectral distortion yields a 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.4 x 10{sup -2} on the chemical potential {mu}{sub 0}. These limits on spectral distortions place restrictions on a number of potentially interesting sources of energy release to the CMBR, including the hot intergalactic medium proposed as the source of the X-ray background.

This paper describes the results of a preliminary study on the hydrologic regime underlying the Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon. The study was performed to provide a basis for evaluating the potential for polluting Crater Lake by drilling exploratory boreholes on the flanks of the mountain. A simple conceptual model of the hydrologic regime was developed by synthesizing the data from the region surrounding the Caldera. Based on the conceptual model, a series of numerical simulations aimed at establishing the basic groundwater flow patterns under and surrounding the lake were performed. In addition to the numerical simulations, we used simple volumetric techniques for estimating the distance that drilling mud would migrate away from the borehole if drilling proceeded without drilling fluid returns. Based on our calculations that show the regional flow of groundwater will oppose the flow of drilling mud toward the lake, and based on our volumetric estimate of drilling mud migration, our study concludes that drilling without returns will not pollute Crater Lake, nor will it affect the hydrologic regime in the immediate vicinity of the Crater Lake Caldera.

A special MCCP version of the PLUVIUS MOD 5.0 reactive storm model (MCCP PLUVIUS) was applied to conditions representative of Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. Tests were also conducted to determine the sensitivity of the model to various meteorological and chemical parameters. Results of the modeling investigation indicate that aqueous concentrations and deposition fluxes of pollutants are location dependent. The greatest concentrations occur at the edges of the cloud, where the liquid water content is low, and the greatest deposition flux occurs on the windward side of the mountain. For conditions considered representative of summertime conditions at Mt. Mitchell, predicted ion concentrations in deposited cloud water at a point corresponding to the MCCP field station are within the ranges actually observed. Sensitivity studies indicate that in-cloud oxidation of SO/sub 2/ makes a limited contribution to total sulfate deposition for typical concentrations of SO/sub 2/, O/sub 3/, and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/. However, sulfate deposition predicted by MCCP PLUVIUS is extremely sensitive to the value selected for aerosol sulfate existing in the modeled air mass prior to cloud formation. Hydrogen ion deposition predicted by the model is strongly influenced by input values for gas-phase nitric acid and ammonia. 11 refs., 19 figs., 9 …

It is shown that the d-t fusion reaction can be modified by polarizing nuclear spins. The ways in which this improves reactor performance are mentioned and the feasibility of the process of spin polarization for magnetic fusion is discussed. 18 refs.

The hybrid K-edge densitometry/K-x-ray fluorescence instrument constructed by Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany, is used to measure Th/Pu mixed solutions. We found that the optimal accelerating voltage for measuring these mixed solutions is 130 kV. At optimum operating conditions, the detection limit for thorium is about 25 mg/l. The minimum Th/Pu ratio that can be assayed by the instrument is about 1/1000.

A Broken Arrow mini exercise dubbed ''Accident Response Group Exercise - 1987'' (ARGX-87) was conducted on June 1, 1987 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore (SNLL). The exercise started at 0445 PDT with a call from the Department of Energy (DOE) - EOC in Washington, DC, to the Albuquerque Operations (AL - ) - EOC. AL, in turn, called the Laboratory off-hour emergency number (Fire Dispatcher), who called the Laboratory Emergency Duty Officer (LEDO). The LEDO then contacted the Accident Response Group (ARG) Senior Scientific Advisor. Calls were placed to assemble appropriate members of the ARG in the ALERT Center. No phone number for SNLL was available at the Albuquerque Operations EOC, so a controller injected a message to SNLL to get them involved in the exercise. The messages received at the Laboratory identified the Air Force line item weapon system involved in the accident and the accident location. As people arrived at the ALERT Center they began discussing the details of the accident. They also started working the deployment logistics and other issues. Travel arrangements for the HOT SPOT equipment and ARG personnel were made for immediate deployment to the accident site in …

This report summarizes the histories of 17 Zircaloy-clad spent fuel assemblies used in dry storage tests and demonstrations at the Engine Maintenance and Disassembly (EMAD) and Climax facilities at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The 18th assembly was shipped to the Battelle Columbus Laboratory (BCL) and remained there for extensive characterization and as a source of specimens for whole-rod and rod-segment dry storage tests. The report traces the history of the assemblies after discharge from the Turkey Point Unit 3 pressurized-water reactor (1975 and 1977) through shipment (first arrival at EMAD in December 1978), dry storage tests and demonstrations, and shipment by truck cask from EMAD to the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in May/June 1986. The principal objectives of this report are to assess and document the integrity of the fuel during the extensive dry storage activities at NTS and BCL, and to briefly summarize the dry storage technologies and procedures demonstrated in this program. The dry storage tests and demonstrations involved the following concepts and facilities: (1) surface drywells (EMAD); (2) deep drywells (425 m underground in the Climax granite formation); (3) concrete silo (EMAD); (4) air-cooled vault (EMAD); (5) electrically-heated module for fuel assembly thermal calibration and …

The kinetics of sorption was measured by observing the uptake of radionuclides by tuff wafers and crushed tuff as a function of time. In addition, the broadening of breakthrough curves for cations eluted through crushed-tuff columns was interpreted in terms of adsorption kinetics. The results of these measurements are consistent with a diffusion-limited adsorption mechanism for simple cations, such as strontium, cesium, and barium. The adsorption kinetics for these simple cations is sufficiently fast so that equilibrium can be assumed for the retardation of these chemical species in the groundwater velocities that would be reasonable for most release scenarios. The actinides, in particular plutonium, exhibited a slow time dependence for adsorption. 23 refs., 61 figs., 12 tabs.

A simple, inexpensive diagnostic has been developed for time-resolved imaging of repetitive self-luminescent phenomena. An electro-optic birefringent ceramic shutter is employed to perform photographic sampling and yields time resolution of 100 ..mu..sec. Methods of image enhancement in the presence of background light from a finite-contrast shutter are discussed. The system has been applied to the study of plasma evolution in the CDX device. 21 refs., 4 figs.

This document reports on a reevaluation of data obtained in a previous report on occupational factors associated with the development of malignant melanomas at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The current report reduces the number of these factors from five to three based on a rigorous statistical analysis of the original data. Recommendations include restructuring the original questionnaire and trying to contact more individuals that worked with volatile photographic chemicals. 17 refs., 7 figs., 22 tabs. (TEM)

One important mode of degradation of current MCFCs is the dissolution of the NiO cathode into the electrolyte tile and the subsequent precipitation of Ni in the tile. Over time the performance of the cell degrades, and evantually the cell may short out locally via a bridge of Ni particles between the cathode and anode. The purpose of this program is to further the understanding of the processes which cause degradation of the NiO cathode in MCFCs, especially those processes involving dissolution of the cathode and the transport of soluble Ni species in the electrolyte. 6 figs., 3 tabs.

The Center for X-Ray Optics has made substantial progress during the past year on the development of very high resolution x-ray technologies, the generation of coherent radiation at x-ray wavelengths, and, based on these new developments, had embarked on several scientific investigations that would not otherwise have been possible. The investigations covered in this report are topics on x-ray sources, x-ray imaging and applications, soft x-ray spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation, advanced light source and magnet structures for undulators and wigglers. (LSP)

A Fokker-Planck equation that accounts for fluctuations in field and its conjugate momentum is solved numerically for the case of a lambda phi/sup 4/ potential. Although the amount of inflation agrees closely with that expected classically, in certain cases (large initial fields or large dispersions),the ''slow rolling'' approximation appears invalid. In such cases inflation would stop prematurely before possibly restarting. 18 refs., 2 figs.

Contract objectives are as follows: develop fuel specifications to serve combustor requirements; select coals having appropriate compositional and quality characteristics as well as an economically attractive reserve base; provide quality assurance for both the parent coals and the fuel forms; and deliver premium coal-based fuels to combustor developers as needed for their contract work. During the second quarter of this contract effort, the primary activities were involved with: continuation of development of fuel requirements (i.e., specifications, quantities, schedule); acquisition and bench-scale characterization of candidate coal samples; selection of coal water slurry fuel manufacturer; procurement of parent coal for fuel production; deep cleaning by froth flotation of parent coal; production of solid fuel (i.e., size reduction of deep cleaned parent coal) and delivery to combustors/experimenters; production of slurry fuel and delivery to combustors/experimenters; and completion of Final Version of First Quarterly Report.

Calculations are reported for the equation-of-state properties of shock-compressed liquid nitrogen. The statistical mechanical, chemical equilibrium calculations, which allow for the simultaneous presence of both the diatomic and monatomic forms of nitrogen, show good agreement with recent dynamic experiments.

Energy-averaged neutron total cross sections of cobalt were measured from approx. =0.5 to 12.0 MeV. Differential elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections were measured from approx. =1.5 to 10.0 MeV over the scattering-angle range approx. =18/sup 0/ to 160/sup 0/, with sufficient detail to define the energy-averaged behavior. Inelastic neutron groups were observed corresponding to ''levels'' at: 1115 +- 29, 1212 +- 24, 1307 +- 24, 1503 +- 33, 1778 +- 40, 2112 +- 40, 2224 +- 35, 2423 +- 39, 2593 +- 41 and 2810 keV. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of the spherical optical-statistical and coupled-channels models. An unusually successful description of observables was achieved over a wide energy range (<-15.0 to > 20.0 MeV) with a spherical model having energy-dependent strengths and geometries. The energy dependencies are large below approx. =7.0 MeV (i.e., approx. =19.0 MeV above the Fermi energy), but become smaller and similar to those reported for ''global'' potentials at higher energies. The imaginary strength is large and decreases with energy. These imaginary-potential characteristics are attributed to neutron shell closure and collective-vibrational processes. The weak-coupling model also offers an explanation of the unusual negative energy slope and relatively small radius of the imaginary potential. …

This five-year research project was established to provide sufficient data on coal-water fuel (CWF) chemical, physical, and combustion properties to assess the potential for commercial firing in furnaces designed for gas or oil firing. Extensive laboratory testing was performed at bench-scale, pilot-scale (4 {times} 10{sup 6}Btu/hr) and commercial-scale (25 {times} 10{sup 6} to 50 {times} 10{sup 6}Btu/hr) on a cross-section of CWFs. Fuel performance characteristics were assessed with respect to coal properties, level of coal beneficiation, and slurry formulation. The performance of four generic burner designs was also assessed. Boiler performance design models were applied to analyze the impacts associated with conversion of seven different generic unit designs to CWF firing. Equipment modifications, operating limitations, and retrofit costs were determined for each design when utilizing several CWFs. This report summarizes studies conducted under Task 4. The objective was to quantify CWF atomization and combustion properties utilizing industrial/utility scale equipment. Burners were evaluated and combustion performance differences identified for various CWF formulations. 12 refs., 23 figs., 6 tabs.

Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) of the Department of Energy initiated a comprehensive effort in 1982 to develop the necessary performance and cost data and to assess the commercial viability of coal-water fuels (CWFs) as applied to representative utility and industrial units. The effort comprised six tasks beginning with coal resource evaluation and culminating in the assessment of the technical and economic consequences of switching representative commercial units from oil to state-of-the-art CWF firing. Extensive bench, pilot and commercial-scale tests were performed to develop necessary CWF combustion and fireside performance data for the subsequent boiler performance analyses and retrofit cost estimates. Discussions on transport, rheology, combustion properties, and ash characterization are included. 11 refs., 9 figs., 7 tabs.

The ash deposition and performance behavior of a cross-section of coal-water fuels (CWFs) were investigated during comprehensive pilot-scale testing under Task 5 of the Department of Energy's Combustion and Fuel Characterization of Coal-Water Fuels project. The key results from this effort including combustion, furnace slagging, convective pass fouling, fly ash erosion and electrostatic precipitator collection characteristics of the test fuels, are summarized in this report. Data were obtained on twelve different CWFs as well as three baseline pulverized coals. Three coal types were fired at different levels of coal beneficiation to assess the effects of coal cleaning on performance. Five CWFs prepared from the same feed coal by different manufactures were tested to assess the effects of slurry processing. CWFs prepared from both standard grind and microfine grind coals were evaluated. In addition a microfine CWF was fired at fuel temperatures up to 220{degree}F to evaluate the effect of thermal atomization on performance. 8 refs., 16 figs., 12 tabs.

The paper points out the importance and usefulness of recognizing the separate roles of processes and geometric structures in predictive modeling of the performance of a nuclear waste repository or underground injection disposal of toxic wastes. Based on this a validation procedure is proposed. Furthermore, two stages and three elements of validation are described and discussed. Finally, comments are made on the choice of measurables to be used to compare modeling results and field data in the validation procedure. 8 refs.

This document provides an interim status report on the INTOR tasks related to the critical analysis of INTOR-like designs. At the INTOR Workshop in December 1986, and updated at the INTOR related Specialists' Meeting in March 1987, a series of comparative analysis studies was established. Initial results were targeted for completion for the July INTOR meeting and final results completed for the November INTOR meeting. The goal of the analytic comparisons is to evaluate and determine the specific impact of how different choices affect the design. The results of such an analytic determination should allow the international community to identify and agree upon which aspects of choice have what influence on the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) design.

This report describes a confirmatory measurement technique for measuring uranium items in their shipping containers. The measurement consists of a weight verification and the detection of three gamma rays. The weight can be determined very precisely, thus it severely constrains the options of the diverter who might want to imitate the gamma signal with a bogus item. The 185.7-keV gamma ray originates from /sup 235/U, the 1001 keV originates from a daughter of /sup 238/U, and the 2614 keV originates from a daughter of /sup 232/U. These three gamma rays exhibit widely different attenuation properties, they correlate with enrichment and total uranium mass, and they rigorously discriminate against a likely diversion scenario (low-enriched uranium substitution). These four measured quantities, when combined, provide a signature that is very difficult to counterfeit.