Most of the early development of neutron scattering techniques utilizing reactor neutrons occurred at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory during the years immediately following World War II. C.G. Shull, E.O. Wollan, and their associates systematically established neutron diffraction as a quantitative research tool and then applied this technique to important problems in nuclear physics, chemical crystallography, and magnetism. This article briefly summarizes the very important research at ORNL during this period, which laid the foundation for the establishment of neutron scattering programs throughout the world. 47 refs., 10 figs.

A set of spin dependent parameters and cross sections has been measured for polarized p-/sup 3/He elastic scattering over the range of q .7 to 4.2 fm/sup -1/. The experiment was done at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF) using the High Resolution Spectrometer (HRS) with a polarized proton beam at .8 GeV. The focal plane polarimeter of the HRS was used to determine the spin direction of the scattered proton. Since /sup 3/He is one of the simplest nuclei, polarized p-/sup 3/He scattering provides a very sensitive test of multiple scattering theories. The theoretical analysis was done by using two different wave functions for /sup 3/He as input to the multiple scattering theory. The theoretical calculations and experimental data together will give us useful information about nucleon-nucleon amplitudes and also help us to obtain a better understanding of the scattering process. 68 refs., 55 figs., 9 tabs.

A study of the adsorption of CH/sub 3/N/sub 2/CH/sub 3/ on Ni(100), Ni(111), Cr(100), and Cr(111) using high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is presented. Under approximately the same conditions of coverage, the vibrational spectra of CH/sub 3/N/sub 2/CH/sub 3/ on these four surfaces are quite distinct from one another, implying that the CH/sub 3/N/sub 2/CH/sub 3/-substrate interaction is very sensitive to the physical and electronic structure of each surface. In addition to the room temperature studies, the evolution of surface species on the Ni(100) surface in the temperature range 300 to 425 K was studied. Analysis of the Ni(100) spectra indicates that molecular adsorption, probably through the N lone pair, occurs at room temperature. Spectra taken after annealing the CH/sub 3/N/sub 2/CH/sub 3/-Ni(100) surfaces indicate that CH and CN bond scission occurred at the elevated temperatures. Decomposition of CH/sub 3/N/sub 2/CH/sub 3/ takes place on the Ni(111), Cr(100), and Cr(111) surfaces at room temperature, as evidenced by the intensity of the carbon-metal stretch in the corresponding spectra. Possible identities of coadsorbed dissociation products are considered. The stable coverage of surface species on all four surfaces at 300 K is less than one monolayer. A general description of an …

This report discusses issues related to the provision of fish passage facilities at Enloe Dam and the introduction of anadromous salmonid fish to the upper Similkameen River basin. The species of fish being considered is a summer run of steelhead trout adapted to the upper Columbia basin. (ACR)

This report contains the following appendices: (1) correspondence and minutes of meetings; (2) Similkameen River system summer creel survey; (3) disease analysis; (4) water quality tables; (5) Boundary Waters Treaty; and (6) other NEPA information. (ACR)

In the present paper we report new diamond anvil cell (DAC) measurements for room temperature solid argon to 800 kbars. This isotherm is in excellent agreement with one predicted from a theoretical analysis of shockwave data. These results are important for several reasons. First they demonstrate agreement between shock and static techniques even in cases where shock temperatures are extremely high and a large thermal correction is required to reduce the Hugoniot to an isotherm. Secondly the results suggest that solid argon may provide a useful pressure standard up to 3 Mbar. 12 refs., 3 figs.

Between sections of the vacuum chamber, bellows are needed to compensate for thermal expansion and transverse offsets. For beampipe made of stainless steel with a coefficient of linear expansion 19 x 10/sup -6///sup 0/C and a temperature variation of approx.316/sup 0/C, the allowance for bellows is approx.1.2% of the total length of the beampipe, if we assume that the bellows are 50% compressible. This implies 1.08 km of bellows for Design A of the SSC which has a circumference of 90 km. Such a length of bellows will certainly contribute to the longitudinal and transverse impedances of the accelerator and will therefore affect the stability of the beam. In the Reference Designs, the actual impedances of the bellows have not been calculated; only an allowance of Z/sub parallel//n = 0.05 ..cap omega.. and Z/sub perpendicular/ = 7 M..cap omega../m is made for miscellaneous discontinuities because all the bellows and pumping ports are assumed totally shielded. It is the purpose of this article to examine the actual contributions by the bellows to the longitudinal and transverse impedances assuming that they are not shielded.

A prototype subunit vaccine to IHN virus is being developed by recombinant DNA techniques. The techniques involve the isolation and characterization of the glycoprotein gene, which encodes the viral protein responsible for inducing a protective immune response in fish. The viral glycoprotein gene has been cloned and a restriction map of the cloned gene has been prepared. Preliminary DNA sequence analysis of the cloned gene has been initiated so that manipulation of the gene for maximum expression in appropriate plasmid vectors is possible. A recombinant plasmid containing the viral gene inserted in the proper orientation adjacent to a very strong lambda promoter and ribosome binding site has been constructed. Evaluation of this recombinant plasmid for gene expression is being conducted. Immunization trials with purified viral glycoprotein indicate that fish are protected against lethal doses of IHNV after immersion and intraperitoneal methods of immunization. In addition, cross protection immunization trials indicate that Type 2 and Type 1 IHN virus produce glycoproteins that are cross-protective.

Neutron dose and energy spectral measurements from /sup 241/AmBe and a 14 MeV neutron generator were performed at a well-logging laboratory. The measurement technique included the tissue equivalent proportional counter, multisphere, two types of remmeters and five types of personnel neutron dosimeters. Several source configurations were used to attempt to relate data to field situations. The results of the measurements indicated that the thermoluminescent albedo dosimeter was the most appropriate personnel neutron dosimeter, and that the most appropriate calibration source would be the source normally employed in the field with the calibration source being used in the unmoderated configuration. 7 refs., 35 figs., 14 tabs.

Profiles of the d(d,p)t fusion reaction are measured in the PLT tokamak using an array of collimated 3 MeV proton detectors. During deuterium neutral beam injection, the emission profile indicates that the beam deposition is at least as narrow as predicted by a bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code. The fast ion tail formed by lower hybrid waves (at densities above the critical density for current drive) also peaks strongly near the magnetic axis.

The emphasis of this meeting was on the safety-related aspects of fast reactor design, analysis, licensing, construction, and operation. Relative to past meetings, there was less emphasis on the scientific and technological basis for accident assessment. Because of its broad scope, the meeting attracted 217 attendees from a wide cross section of the design, safety analysis, and safety technology communities. Eight countries and two international organizations were represented. A total of 126 papers were presented, with contributions from the United States, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy. Sessions covered in Volume 1 include: impact of safety and licensing considerations on fast reactor design; safety aspects of innovative designs; intra-subassembly behavior; operational safety; design accommodation of seismic and other external events; natural circulation; safety design concepts; safety implications derived from operational plant data; decay heat removal; and assessment of HCDA consequences.

The emphasis of this meeting was on the safety-related aspects of fast reactor design, analysis, licensing, construction, and operation. Relative to past meetings, there was less emphasis on the scientific and technological basis for accident assessment. Because of its broad scope, the meeting attracted 217 attendees from a wide cross section of the design, safety analysis, and safety technology communities. Eight countries and two international organizations were represented. A total of 126 papers were presented, with contributions from the United States, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy. Sessions covered in Volume 2 include: safety design concepts; operational transient experiments; analysis of seismic and external events; HCDA-related codes, analysis, and experiments; sodium fires; instrumentation and control/PPS design; whole-core accident analysis codes; and impact of safety design considerations on future LMFBR developments.

Fast wave current drive is demonstrated in the Princeton ACT-I toroidal device. The fast Alfven wave, in the range of high ion-cyclotron harmonics, produced 40 A of current from 1 kW of rf power coupled into the plasma by fast wave loop antenna. This wave excites a steady current by damping on the energetic tail of the electron distribution function in the same way as lower-hybrid current drive, except that fast wave current drive is appropriate for higher plasma densities.

This document reports and compares the results compiled from chemical analyses and biological testing of coal liquefaction process materials which were fractionally distilled, after production, into various comparable boiling-point range cuts. Comparative analyses were performed on solvent refined coal (SRC)-I, SRC-II, H-Coal, EDS an integrated two-stage liquefaction (ITSL) distillate materials. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity assays were conducted in conjunction with chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses to provide detailed, comparative, chemical and biological assessments. Where possible, results obtained from the distillate cuts are compared to those from coal liquefaction materials with limited boiling ranges. Work reported here was conducted by investigators in the Biology and Chemistry Department at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), Richland, WA. 38 refs., 16 figs., 27 tabs.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 11 included sections. (MOW)

Fifty-four shallow temperature gradient holes were drilled along Interstate Highway 25 and the Rio Grande, from Las Cruces to Rincon, in northern Dona Ana County, New Mexico. This shallow temperature study (a joint exploration program performed with the cooperation and financial assistance of Trans-Pacific Geothermal, Inc. of Oakland, California) resulted in the discovery and confirmation of new and suspected major low-temperature geothermal resources. Elevated temperature and heat flow data suggest a thermal anomaly which can be generally described as being a nearly continuous linear feature which extends some 25 miles in length in a northwest-southeast direction with the only break being a 5-mile gap near the southern end of the study area. The width of the anomaly is only a few miles but tends to thicken around individual anomalies located within this larger anomaly. There are five main individual anomalies situated within the major anomaly and, listed from north to south, they are the: (1) Rincon Anomaly, (2) San Diego Mountain Anomaly, (3) Radium Springs KGRA, (4) Grande Dome Anomaly, and (5) Goat Mountain Anomaly. The main anomaly is well defined by a 4 HFU contour and the individual anomalies range from about 10 HFU to a high of near …

Analysis of the radiological health effects of nuclear power plant accidents requires models for predicting early health effects, cancers and benign thyroid nodules, and genetic effects. Since the publication of the Reactor Safety Study, additional information on radiological health effects has become available. This report summarizes the efforts of a program designed to provide revised health effects models for nuclear power plant accident consequence modeling. The new models for early effects address four causes of mortality and nine categories of morbidity. The models for early effects are based upon two parameter Weibull functions. They permit evaluation of the influence of dose protraction and address the issue of variation in radiosensitivity among the population. The piecewise-linear dose-response models used in the Reactor Safety Study to predict cancers and thyroid nodules have been replaced by linear and linear-quadratic models. The new models reflect the most recently reported results of the follow-up of the survivors of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and permit analysis of both morbidity and mortality. The new models for genetic effects allow prediction of genetic risks in each of the first five generations after an accident and include information on the relative severity of various classes of genetic …

A system has been developed to transmit analog signals through 1-km-long fiber-optic cables having bandwidths up to 1.5 GHz. Semiconductor injection laser-diode transmitters operating at a wavelength of about 815 nm are directly modulated by electrical signals from radiation detectors. Graded-index optical fibers transmit the optical signals to a remote facility, where they are recorded on a single streak camera.

Assuming that the UHE air showers from Cyg X-3 are produced by photons, we calculate the expected neutrino emission from a model which produces the ..gamma..-rays in the atmosphere of the Cyg X-3 companion. We discuss the possibility of detecting such neutrinos in underground detectors and the constraints that such a signal places on the use of this model in other particle production scenarios. 16 refs., 5 figs.

High precision drift chambers capable of achieving less than or equal to 50 ..mu..m resolutions are discussed. In particular, we compare so called cool and hot gases, various charge collection geometries, several timing techniques and we also discuss some systematic problems. We also present what we would consider an ''ultimate'' design of the vertex chamber. 50 refs., 36 figs., 6 tabs.

The vertical divergences of bending magnet and wiggler synchrotron sources are generally considerably larger than the acceptance angles of typical monochromator systems. This is particularly true at high energies (E greater than or equal to 14 keV) where the Darwin widths of perfect crystals are of the order 10/sup -6/ radians. By imposing a thermal gradient on the crystal, an efficient, wide acceptance angle monochromator can be obtained. The necessary condition being that the resulting d . sin theta is a constant across the beam. Gains in intensity of 3 to 100 can be realized relative to standard flat crystal systems. A number of possible designs are presented for both two and four crystal monochromator systems. The use of Si, Ge, and quartz monochromators are discussed.

A high resolution three-dimensional seismic survey was performed over the reservoir of the geopressured-geothermal production experiment at Parcperdue, Louisiana and high quality results have been obtained. The reservoir is now mapped with more control and assurance than was possible with the previously existing data. Three differences between the map of this project and those available before are significant in the interpretation of the depletion experiment: (1) the western bounding fault is further west leading to a larger reservoir volume; (2) a down to the north (relief) fault through the reservoir has been found; and (3) there are structural highs in which small petroleum accumulations may exist within the reservoir. An original goal of testing the before and after seismic experiment idea as a production monitor has not been realized. However, the quality of the data at the stages of processing presently available is high enough that, had the well not failed, it would have been prudent to have proceeded with the project toward the second experiment. 3 refs., 16 figs., 3 tabs.

Dissolved humic substances (humic and fulvic acids) occur in surface waters and groundwaters in concentrations ranging from less than 1 mg(C)/L to more than 100 mg(C)/L. Humic substances are strong complexing agents for many trace metals in the environment and are also capable of forming stable soluble complexes or chelates with radionuclides. Concentrations of humic materials as low as 1 mg(C)/L can produce a detectable increase in the mobility of some actinide elements by forming soluble complexes that inhibit sorption of the radionuclides onto rock materials. The stability of trace metal- or radionuclide-organic complexes is commonly measured by an empirically determined conditional stability constant (K'), which is based on the ratio of complexed metal (radionuclide) in solution to the product concentration of uncomplexed metal and humic complexant. Larger values of stability constants indicate greater complex stability. The stability of radionuclide-organic complexes is affected both by concentration variables and envionmental factors. In general, complexing is favored by increased of radionuclide, increased pH, and decreased ionic strength. Actinide elements are generally most soluble in their higher oxidation states. Radionuclides can also form stable, insoluble complexes with humic materials that tend to reduce radionuclide mobility. These insoluble complexes may be radionuclide-humate colloids that …

The 1.08 km of bellows in Design A of the SSC will contribute to single-bunch instabilities: transverse mode-coupling, transverse microwave (for broad band at 13 GHz), and longitudinal microwave. The effectiveness of shielded bellows is considered. (GHT)