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The ductile failure criteria proposed in the Base report appear appropriate except that stress intensity values, S/sub m/ should be based on lower safety factors and ductility should be added as a criterion. A safety factor for stress intensity, s/sub m/ of 4 is recommended rather than 3 on minimum ultimate tensile strength, S/sub u/ in accordance with ASME code philosophy of assigning higher safety factors to cast ductile iron than to steel. This more conservative approach has no impact on costs since the selection of wall thickness is controlled by shielding rather than by stress considerations. The addition of a ductility criterion is recommended because of the problems associated with the selection of appropriate brittle failure criteria and the potential for cast ductile iron to have extremely low elongation at failure. Neither a materials nor a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach appear to be viable for demonstrating the prevention of brittle failure in cast ductile iron shipping casks. It is possible that the analytic methods predict brittle failure because of extremely conservative assumptions whereas real casks may not fail. Model drop tests could be used to demonstrate containment integrity. It is estimated that a risk committment of at …

The gasdynamic partial differential equations (PDE's) governing the motion of an ablatively accelerated target (rocket) contain an inertial force term that arises from acceleration of the reference frame in which the PDE's are written. We give a simple, intuitive description of this effect, and estimate its magnitude and parametric dependences by means of approximate analytical formulas inferred from our computer hydrocode calculations. Often this inertial term is negligible, but for problems in the areas of laser fusion and laser equation of state studies we find that it can substantially reduce the attainable hydrodynamic efficiency of acceleration and implosion.

The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) is a recent development in the field of charged particle beam research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. With this experimental apparatus, researchers will characterize intense pulses of electron beams propagated through air. Inherent with the ATA concept was the potential for exposure to hazards, such as high radiation levels and hostile breathing atmospheres. The need for a comprehensive safety program was mandated; a formal system safety program was implemented during the project's conceptual phase. A project staff position was created for a safety analyst who would act as a liaison between the project staff and the safety department. Additionally, the safety analyst would be responsible for compiling various hazards analyses reports, which formed the basis of th project's Safety Analysis Report. Recommendations for safety features from the hazards analysis reports were incorporated as necessary at appropriate phases in project development rather than adding features afterwards. The safety program established for the ATA project faciliated in controlling losses and in achieving a low-level of acceptable risk.

The temporal behavior of vibrationally relaxed first triplet Kr/sub 2/ in the presence of N/sub 2/ has been examined, and the rate constant for destructive quenching by N/sub 2/ has been evaluated at 298K. Its value is of the same order of magnitude as that for quenching of first triplet Ar/sub 2/, but is somewhat smaller. This suggests that the krypton and argon excimers excite different electronic states of N/sub 2/, the former leading to N/sub 2/(A) and N/sub 2/(B) and the latter principally to N/sub 2/(C), in accord with the general rule that near-resonant energy transfer tends to be favored over events which form products bearing significant translational energy. A new value for the spontaneous radiative decay constant of vibrationally relaxed first triplet Kr/sub 2/ has also been determined. A generalized mechanism for decay of Paschen(ls) atoms and for concomitant growth and decay of bound-state excimer molecules has been developed. Modelling calculations have shown that decay constants for Ar(/sup 3/P/sub 2/) measured at low (1 to 20 torr) and high (100 to 700 torr) pressures are not discrepant with respect to one another and can be precisely fitted with the generalized mechanism. Implications regarding the temporal behavior of vibrationally …