Several models have been suggested to describe the volume behavior of porous materials under hydrostatic loading. The model presented here accounts for variations in both porosity and the amount of fluid contained within that porosity. The model also attempts to predict the one-dimensional strain loading pressure-volume relationship and the stress difference-confining pressure curve. Only the simplest assumptions were used for the development of this model. These assumptions are discussed and the predictions for Mt. Helen tuff are compared to experimental data.

This report is on Public Aid to Church-Related Colleges: An Analysis of Roemer v. Board of Public Works of Maryland. This report will summarize the Roemer case and analyze its constitutional implications.

A DOT Specification 7A, fiberglass-coated plywood box for shipping alpha-emitting transuranic waste has been developed. Nominal size for the box is 4 by 4 by 7 ft; maximum gross weight is 5000 lb. Construction is of /sup 3///sub 4/-in. plywood with internal framing members of 2- by 4-in. lumber. The entire box, including the glued and nailed lid, is covered with a 0.12-in.-thick fiberglass coating. The required four-foot drop tests were passed without the box being damaged. Additional drops from 12 ft resulted in some cracking in a 2600-lb box and in cracking plus some loss of contents in a test box loaded to 5700 lb. A static load of 25,000 lb caused no deformation or damage. This box costs $3.50/ft/sup 3/, which is approximately half the cost of steel drums with rigid polyethylene liners.

Newsletter issued by the Advisory Council for Technical-Vocational Education in Texas discussing news, events, and other relevant information related to technical and vocational education for adults in Texas.

Quarterly report of the Areawide Waste Treatment Management Plan in/near San Antonio, Texas describing the program's activities, contract status, finances, relationships with other agencies, and additional information for the second quarter of 1976.

Included are sections dealing with the KNK-II sodium boiling experiment, sodium boiling detection instrumentation for large LMFBR plants, and recommendations for EBR-2 experiments. (DG)

In order to determine the feasibility of intercity freight pipelines, it was necessary to determine whether sufficient traffic flows currently exist between various origins and destinations to justify consideration of a mode whose operating characteristics became competitive under conditions of high-traffic volume. An intercity origin/destination freight-flow matrix was developed for a large range of commodities from published sources. A high-freight traffic-density corridor between Chicago and New York and another between St. Louis and New York were studied. These corridors, which represented 18 cities, had single-direction flows of 16 million tons/year. If trans-shipment were allowed at each of the 18 cities, flows of up to 38 million tons/year were found in each direction. These figures did not include mineral or agricultural products. After determining that such pipeline-eligible freight-traffic volumes existed, the next step was to determine the ability of freight pipeline to penetrate such markets. Modal-split models were run on aggregate data from the 1967 Census of Transportation. Modal-split models were also run on disaggregate data specially collected for this study. The freight pipeline service characteristics were then substituted into both the aggregate and disaggregate models (truck vs. pipeline and then rail vs. pipeline) and estimates of pipeline penetration into particular …

This report has the goal of presenting for the CTR designer and material supplier potentially significant problem areas in materials manufacturing and in structural material resources projected for potential application in fusion power reactor construction. The projected material requirements are based on presently available bills-of-materials for conceptual CTR designs used for constructing a hypothetical fusion power generating capacity of 10/sup 6/ MW(e) maturing exponentially over a 20-year period. The projected elemental requirements, the ratio of these requirements to the projected total U.S. demand, and the salient problems currently identified with the CTR use of these elements are summarized. The projected requirements are based upon a ''model'' industry, which is described, and the estimated potential use of molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, and tantalum as blanket structural materials.

Recently it has been proposed that heavy ion beams could be accelerated with sufficient power and focus to generate shock heating and create hot plasmas in targets of various materials. This preliminary study addresses two aspects of this process: first, the energy deposition by the primary beam, and second, the problem of energy deposition by secondary nuclear reaction particles. For the purpose of discussion it is assumed that beams of 600 MeV/amu uranium (143 GeV total) are focussed on various targets of thickness 1-10 mm. The energy deposition within such targets by the primary and secondary particles is studied.

This report presents data collected in the last two weeks of October 1974 from Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory's research vessel VEMA during the first of a series of cruises designed to examine the seasonal variations in the physical oceanography and geochemistry of the New York Bight. The physical oceanography data includes the hydrography, nephelometry, bottom photography, and currents. The aim of the project is to understand the interaction between shelf, slope and oceanic waters and the mechanisms that determine the fate of energy-related pollutants in the New York Bight.

The nation's transportation system faces problems on both sides of the supply-demand equation. Analysis of these problems has resulted in identification of two broad transportation energy conservation program areas: (1) more-efficient and environmentally acceptable heat engine systems are needed; they must be optimized for available fuels and eventually alternate fuels; and (2) alternate propulsion systems such as electric or hybrid vehicles are also required. A difficulty arises in that these solutions may not come about in a timely fashion due to market forces alone. It is necessary to understand why this is so in order that appropriate government actions can be taken. Discussed first is a fundamental premise or assumption that the public good is best served by a free market which presumably allocates resources optimally; in other words, for the greatest positive net social benefit. Optimal resource allocation is considered synonymous in this discussion with conservation. This fundamental assumption has been challenged in that, if public and private objectives diverge, sub-optimal resource allocation could result with attendant social disbenefit. This divergence of objectives can come about in the transportation sector in two ways. First, when the market value of energy is below the true marginal value, markets will tend …

From introduction: A post-drought analysis of the sources of water supply for the metropolitan area indicated a need for better knowledge of the ground-water resources. A study was implemented through the cooperative water-resources investigation program between Commonwealth agencies of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Geological Survey.

Low and intermediate level liquid wastes from chemical separations processing of spent reactor fuel elements have been discharged to the ground in the 200-Areas since 1944. Large volumes of process cooling water, normally free of radioactive contaminants, are discharged to surface ditches or natural surface depressions (ponds). Lesser volumes of liquid waste such as steam condensates, process condensates, scavenged process waste supernatants, and plutonium processing wastes have been, or are being discharged to subsurface disposal sites (cribs). Only input volumes and radioactivity discharged to each disposal site have been reported periodically.

Use of the Livermore x-ray streak camera to temporally record x-ray pinhole images of laser compressed targets is described. Use is made of specially fabricated composite x-ray pinholes which are near diffraction limited for 6 A x-rays, but easily aligned with a He--Ne laser of 6328 A wavelength. With a 6 ..mu..m x-ray pinhole, the overall system can be aligned to 5 ..mu..m accuracy and provides implosion characteristics with space--time resolutions of approximately 6 ..mu..m and 15 psec. Acceptable criteria for pinhole alignment, requisite x-ray flux, and filter characteristics are discussed. Implosion characteristics are presented from our present experiments with 68 ..mu..m diameter glass microshell targets and 0.45 terawatt, 70 psec Nd laser pulses. Final implosion velocities in excess of 3 x 10/sup 7/ cm/sec are evident.

Temporally and spectrally resolved x-ray emission is an important diagnostic tool for the study of target heating and compression induced by sub-nanosecond laser pulses. The use of the Livermore 15 psec x-ray streak camera to record x-ray emissions in the 1-10 keV range is described. In particular, significant progress is reported during the past year in defining the camera as a quantitative diagnostic instrument, and its implementation for multi-channel, time resolved K-edge filter measurements. Data will be presented which describe x-ray emission from a laser imploded 87 ..mu..m diameter glass shell. Channels centered at 2.6, 4.0 and 5.3 keV provide temporal information which is related to the absorption and compression phases of laser heating. The relative spectral content is found to be in agreement with standard, time integrated measurements.

Technical photography, through such means as interferometry, Faraday rotation, and simple shadowgraphs, can provide significant data for understanding the absorption and transport of energy within laser produced plasmas. For plasmas produced by intense, sub-nanosecond Nd laser pulses, one is required to study electron densities in the 10/sup 20/ to 10/sup 21/ e/cc range, with density contour velocities of 10/sup 6/ to 10/sup 7/ cm/sec, and axial scale lengths of 1-20 ..mu..m. The relationship between these plasma parameters and the requisite photographic system is described. It is concluded that the system requires a probe wavelength in the middle ultraviolet, a pulse duration in the 10-100 picosecond regime, and large numerical aperture optics corrected for spherical aberrations. Results obtained at 2660 A with holographic microinterferometry, Faraday rotation, and shadowgraphs are presented.

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A specific segment of industrial process heat use has been examined in detail to identify individual plant locations throughout the United states where nuclear generated steam may be a viable alternative. Five major industries have been studied: paper, chemicals, petroleum, rubber, and primary metals. For these industries, representing 75 percent of the total industrial steam consumption, the individual plant locations within the U.S. using steam in large quantities have been located and characterized as to fuel requirements.

Procedures and instrumentation for measuring neutron fluences and doses at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory RTNS facility are described, primarily for information to outside users of this facility. The results of an intercomparison of the dosimeters are given, and the accuracy of the fluence determination is discussed.

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The goal of the present program is to develop the technical basis for efficient energy use in space heating of residential and small commercial buildings. Efficiency measurements performed on conventional residential oil-fired hot water heating equipment, including both steady state and cyclic (part load) efficiency determinations are described. A list of preliminary recommendations for retrofit actions to improve efficiency is provided. A summary of work carried out in the areas of thermal storage media, fenestration, and building thermal dynamics is also presented.

Results of experiments completed with Yale equipment coupled to the Oak Ridge Test Bench and Tandem Accelerator facilities are presented. Electron transfer cross sections have been measured at keV collision energies for B, C, N and O ions colliding with H, H/sub 2/, Ar and He gas targets. The ion charge states studied range from +2 through +5. Also reported are cross sections for Si and Fe ions on H, H/sub 2/ and Ar at energies between 1.5 and 14 MeV, with charge states varying between +5 and +13. Also measured were the cross sections for H/sup +/ collisions with H, H/sub 2/ and Ar for energies between 0.8 and 2.5 MeV. At keV energies the cross sections for highly charged B, C, N and O ions are found to be 1 x 10/sup -14/ cm/sup 2/. The cross sections for 4 MeV Fe ions scale roughly with the square of the ion charge, and have values as high as 0.5 x 10/sup -14/ cm/sup 2/ for Fe/sup 10 +/ + H collisions. A strong energy dependence is found for Fe ion collisions between 4 and 14 MeV. Previous results for MeV H/sup +/ + Ar collisions are nicely reproduced, …

A report is given of the results accomplished during the third year of a three-year research program, the overall goal of which has been to conceive and evaluate practical ways to increase automobile fuel economy by energy management within the engine-transmission-vehicle system. The third year was devoted primarily to the detailed design, construction, and preliminary evaluation of a Flywheel Energy Management Powerplant (FEMP) installed in a Pinto. The vehicle has been built to experimentally verify performance simulations and to allow the practical aspects of a real flywheel vehicle to be studied. The FEMP consists basically of an internal combustion engine, a high-speed energy-storage flywheel, and a hydrostatic power-split continuously-variable transmission (CVT) system. The flywheel drives the car, and the engine comes on to ''recharge'' it (with efficient wide-open throttle operation) only when the flywheel speed drops below a predetermined value. The concept also permits effective and efficient regenerative braking. Computer simulations have indicated an improvement in city fuel mileage of about 50%, with improvements of 100% appearing feasible with further research. Preliminary testing of the car shows favorable performance.

Measurements of the dependence on s = (p{sub a} + p{sub b}){sup 2} of the cross section for single charged hadron production in the reactions a + b {yields} c + anything are presented. Particle c is detected in a fixed interval of laboratory momentum and angle in the fragmentation region of the target proton. For the energy range studied there are significant departures from A + Bs{sup -1/2} energy dependence. When these departures are taken into account, asymptotic predictions such as Pomeron factorization can be tested.