An annlog computer study of the ORR gas-cooled loop was made. The effects on fuel and gas temperatures of changing gas (nitrogen) flow rates, turning the heater on and off, and inserting or removing the fuel were determined. It was found that the temperature of the sample, if fuel, could be raised more rapidly than it could be reduced, and that the temperature could be reduced faster with high rates of flow. All of the equations used in building up the computer are given, and some of them are derived. (auth)

ABS>Experimental power-reactivity feedback transfer functions were calculated from the EBWR power transfer function measurements. A simplified model of the EBWR kinetics was developed, using an analog computer, and an analytic expression was obtained for the feedback function. The analytic solution was fitted to the experimental functions to obtain power coefficients and time constants for various modes of operation. These data were extrapolated, and a power transfer function was predicted for 40 Mw. The reactor fumction was measured and compared with the prediction. A stability study was carried out, using open loop transfer functions containing the experimental feedback functions. Extrapolation of the gain and phase margins indicated stability to at least 66 Mw. The reactor was successfully operated at 61.7 Mw following this, with power limited by the capacity of the feedwater pumps. The use of the simplified model for parameter studies is demonstrared by a series of calculations to evaluate the effect of heat transfer time constant on stability. (auth)

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A summary of the Cr data from the HRP in-pile corrosion program is examined in an effort to determine the Cr species present in such solutions under in-pile conddtions. Data from previous in-pile bomb and loop experiments pertinent to Cr behavior are tabulated, and correlations are offered to support a proposed model. It is pointed out that other interpretations of the same data are possible, and to obtain conclusive evidence as to the identity of Cr species in these solutions, especially designed experiments are necessary. (J.R.D.)

Several problems connected with vortex cavity reactors were studied analytically. They include, the generation of high-strength vortices by utilization of bleed through a porous tube wall to stabilize the shear layer on the wall; the nuclear criticality problem; the suitability of various compounds of plutonium as gaseous fissionable materials; and the problem of retaining the fission fragments within the vortex tube. It is concluded that the shear layer on the vortex tube wall can be stabilized if a mass flow greater than or equal to the vortex through flow is bled through the porous wall, and that the tangential Mach numbers which can be obtained are then slightly more than one-half the inviscid values. Beryllium oxide or graphite-moderated reactors of reasonable size and weight can attain criticality if the product of the hydrogen pressure in the vortex core and the maximum value of the ratio of fissionable gas density to hydrogen density in the tube is greater than about 100 atm. The reactor weights are then in the order of 10,000 lb or less. Of the several compounds of plutonium considered as gaseous fuel carriers, plutonium trifluoride and plutonium tribromide appear to be the most promising. It is probable that …

ABS>An accurate measurement of the differential cross section for the photoproduction of positive pions was made at the Berkeley synchrotron, for photon energies of 280 and 290 Mev. The mesons were produced in a thin-walled liquid hydrogen target, and the meson detection apparatus utilized the characteristic pi -- mu decay of the meson. The measurements were done in two steps, from 0 to 50 deg with equipment specifically designed to reduce a very high positron background, and from 30 to 160 deg with equipment whose efficiency and solid angle could be accurately determined. The experimental results in the small-angle region definitely show the effects of ''photoelectric'' production of pions from the cloud surrounding the nucleon, which are characterized by an abrupt flattening of the cross section in the region forward of 40 deg (c. m.). The results are compared to the theory of photoproduction derived from the dispersion relations, and the sgreement is satisfactory within the limitations of the theory. (auth)

The objective of this program is to conduct a broad basic program of analytical and experimental research into the fundamental behavior of gas- lubricated bearings and to establish general design criteria for these bearings. The work to date has included both theoretical and experimental phases of hydrodynamic and hydrastatic lubrication phenomena, supplemented by a digital computer program. (W. L.H.)

A program was. initiated early in 1957 to develop a neutron monitor capable of detecting plutonium (Pu) concentration in process vessels in Recuplex. This followed an earlier application by Finished Products Operation and Research and Engineering of neutron monitoring to powder counting which had been successful and was being regularly used. The process vessel monitoring was to be done by the ``in tank probe`` method, utilizing the monitored solution as its own-moderator, and detecting the resulting slow and thermal neutrons with boron trifluoride (BF{sub 3}) type proportional counters. This report is intended to present the history of the Recuplex program; a summary of the development work to date; the current status of the monitoring system; and the immediate plans for future installations and work. This report is intended as a design guide for presently scheduled and future monitor installations in Recuplex and elsewhere of the types herein described. The report also includes calibration curves for both D-11 tank and H-3 column monitors, schematic representation of all installations, manual switching panel circuit diagram, pre-amplifier circuit diagram, probe well designs, and Kl-2 instrument tank design.

In reactors employing circulating molten salt fuels and having most of the Kr and Xe gases stripped from the fuel into the off-gas, argon may reasonably be used as the blanket (and stripping) gas. In such cases, the activity of Kr and Xe and their descendents so far exceeds that of Ar/sup 41/ and K/sup 41/ produced that no additional provision is needed for shielding. The amounts of Rb, Sr, Cs, and Ba are so much greater than that of K that no additional provision against chemical attack is needed. (auth)

Activity ratios for the important members of the U/sup 232/ chain are presented in tabular form. These ratios are presented for initially pure U/sup 232/, initially pure Th/sup 228/ and initially pure Ra/sup 224/.- (auth)

This document provides conclusions made concerning inlet line (pigtail) rupture effects on the Hanford reactors.

A series of experimental castings have been made with the object of exploring the proposition that uranium and high uranium alloys could be bonded to zirconium and zirconium alloys by a direct casting method. Unalloyed uranium and uranium alloyed with 5 wt. % Zr and 1.5 wt. % Nb have been cast into zirconium and Zircaloy-2 molds of vsrious shpes and sizes. Castings made in cans of circular cross section were well bonded and sound, provided the molds were outgassed at elevated temperature before use and proper preheating precautions were observed. Molds of rectangular cross sections, however, did not yield as satisfactory results, mainly because of porosity. The asymmetry of this type of mold probably contributed to the lack of success. Good bonds were obtained between uranium and zirconium by casting into graphite molds lined on opposite sides with zirconium plates. (auth)

This report for June 1958, from the Chemical Processing Department at HAPO, discusses the following: Production operation; Purex and Redox operation; Finished products operation; maintenance; Financial operations; facilities engineering; research; and employee relations.

Criteria are presented in an effort to develop a basis for judging fuel element shapes for gas cooled reactors. Included are discussions of fabricability, surface to volume ratio, structural suitability, internal and external thermal paths, and thermal stability of structure. Diagrams of various configurations are also included along with a numbered comparison of the merits of each (J.R.D.)

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Since nuclear magnetic resonance ''chemical shifts'' are considered to be good measures of electron densities in molecules, the extent to which they can be correlated with the polarographic half-wave potentials of organic compounds has been surveyed. To extend the applicability and interpretation of the proposed correlation, parallel correlatioan of E, with Hammett's sigma and Taft's sigma parameters were made, since both of the latter are also regarded as indication of electronic distrinution at the reactive center. The data in general support the view that changes in half-wave potential with structure are due to both electronic and steric effects, as well as perhaps to adsorption phenomena. Significantly, NMR data obtained with one type of substituent could be correlated with E/sub 1/2 data for a similar type of substituent. New NMR data for aliphatic nitro and halogen compounds are reported. (auth)

The aqueous corrosion behavior of defected fuel elements having a U-2 wt. % Zr core with Zircaloy-2 cladding has been studied. A standard diffusion heat treatment for 7 hours at 880 C, followed by moderately rapid cooling, was established to overcome the effect of subtle defects in 15-mil Zircaloy cladding. The development of this heat treatment was carried out primarily with small rod specimens, which were also used to obtain data on aurxiliary effects of thw diffusion heat treatment. The heat treatment has been applied to full diameter tubes. One of these tubes was tested with subtle defects and various sections have been observed following the insertion of gross defects. These observations have shown a difference in the rate of hydrogen evolution as a result of heat treatment. In addition, the heat treatment changes the nature of failure in both full diameter tube sections and small rods. The presence of 2 wt. % Zr in the core reduces the corrosion rate considerably. Comparative quantitative data are presented for uranium alloys with various zirconium contents up to 15 wt. %. (auth)

The discovery of the delayed light emission of plant materials by Strahler and Arnold in 1951 has stimulated a good deal of interest in this rather remarkable property. The emitted light has been shown to be due to an electronic transition between the first excited singlet state of chlorophyll and the ground state. At room temperature, a luminescence is observable from about 0.01 seconds to several minutes after excitation. Thus, the electronic transition cannot be rate-determining and the process represents neither normal fluorescence nor normal phosphorescence. Indeed, there is some evidence that the decay curve of the luminescence is the resultant of more than one rate-limiting process. Strahler and co-workers have been able to demonstrate the existence of many relationships between delayed light emission and photosynthesis and thus have been led to interpret the luminescence phenomena as a consequence of the reversibility of some of the enzymatic photosynthetic reactions. Moreover, Tollin and Calvin have shown that the faster decaying components of the delayed light are present to as low a temperature as -100 C, suggesting that the early processes following light-absorption are non-enzymatic in nature. These latter observations, in conjunction with several other types of experimental and theoretical information, have …

A densimeter system is described which was developed for use on HA column. Reproducibility of instrument readings is plus or minus 2 1/2% of recorder span for pulser frequencies of 44 to 104 cycles per minute. The effects of column pulsations and column static pressure at the feed point are small. Simulated column feed point static pressure of 10 psig caused improved precision due to added damping of float oscillations. (auth)

Typical results are given from a calculation of the deposition of heat in stratified lead and water slabs caused by a monodirectional, monoenergetic beam of gamma rays incident on the slabs. A total of 512 cases were calculated for infinite slabs with finite thicknesses of 1, 2, 4, and 6 mean free paths; source energies of 1, 3, 8, and 10 Mev, and source angles of incidence which were chosen to give slant slab thicknesses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 times the normal thickness. The results were fitted to an empirical formula, which can be simplified for special cases. While for the cases examined, the fit was usually good to within 5%, it is to be emphasized that the formula has been compared only with the results from a very limited number of parameters. (auth)

A photoelcctric comparator that can be used for making wavelength measurements, intensity measurements, and observations of the shapes of spectral lines is described. The instrument is similar to one reported by Tomkins and Fred with improvements in the optics. (auth)

Two eddy-current electromagnets to act as brskes were designed and installed in the sodium-cooled nuclear pcwer reactor SRE to throttle sodium flow throughout the reactor after shutdown in order to maintain a constant reactor temperature gradient. One brake was used on the primary piping system, the other on the secondary system. It was determined that the eddy-current brake should cause a dragging pressure of 0.3 psi at a flow rate of 12 gal/min. The flux density necessary to produce this pressure was calculated, and the coil ampere- turns required to produce this fiux density were determined. Both brakes were controlled by thermocouples and performance was satisfactory. (M.C.G.)

A procedure has been developed for the determination of silver, cadmium, indium, and tin in an alloy composed of these metals. The sample sample is dissolved in a mixture of nitric and fluoboric acids, after which the silver is determined gravimetrically as the chloride. The cadmium and indium are then determined polarographically in a potassium iodide solution, and the tin is determined polargraphically in an ammonium chloride - hydrochloric acid supporting medium.

in which the nuclear interactions of the incoming and outgoing particles are considered. Two different formal expressions that give the transition amplitude are derived, and the wave functions in this amplitude are approximated by an optical-model procedure in which it is assumed that the initial- and final- state particles scatter elastically in the nucleus. The inelasticscattering effects are shown to be small. Several closed forms for these optical-model wave functions are derived on the hsis of a WKB approximation for a complex square- well scattering potential. The use of these wave functions, along with an approximation that gives the form of the transition amplitude in terms of Gaussian functions, allows a closed-form solution for the differential cross section. lt is found tht the elastic scattering processes are not negligible, since they affect considerably the magnitude and the shape of the differential cross section. By comparing the theory with recent pickup experiments on C/sup 12/ at 95 and 145 Mev, one obtains a nuclear-momentum distribution that, unlike the Born approximation analysis, is in good agreement with the results of other determinations of momentum distributions. It is found tht a neutron number of from 4 to 7 neutrons and a momentum distribution …