Discussions in Japan in May 1992 related to potential agreements at the September 1992 Russian-Japanese summit were keyed to the central question, Will the barriers to significant commercial cooperation involving Russia, Japan and the United States in Russian Siberia be removed? [1] From these discussions among key Japanese industrialists, bankers, government officials and academics who influence policy, came a tentative "yes", if four conditions are met. A positive outcome would thus seem more likely than at any previous time. Such an outcome would likely promote profitable trade and investment, creating jobs in U.S. enterprises and serve as a vehicle for mutually beneficial U.S.-Japanese cooperation.

This report provides information on the wide range of programs that the United States is pursuing to secure and eliminate nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons and materials and to prevent hostile nations and terrorist organizations from gaining access to these weapons or the knowledge and materials needed to manufacture and use them.

This report discusses the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 by the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and East Germany) which overthrew the government of liberal Communist Party leader, Alexander Dubcek. The report provides statements and news stories related to the invasion and its aftermath as well as resources for Congress members giving speeches or releasing statements at commemorative events.

This report reviews some of the monitoring and verification provisions in the new START Treaty between the U.S. and Russia and compares these with some of the provisions in the original START Treaty. It focuses, specifically, on differences between the treaties in the provisions governing the exchange of data, known as telemetry, generated during missile flight tests; provisions governing the monitoring of mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs); and differences in the numbers and types of on-site inspections.

This report provides an overview of mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs) in general and a sketch of the terms of the U.S.-Russia MLAT in particular.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: France, Eastern front, Italy, Air war, Southeast Asia, China, Saipan, Pacific, Southwest Pacific. Maps: Finland, North Burma, France, Eastern front. Back: Text and color illustrations explain the importance of teamwork, preparation, and support in combined or amphibious operations.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts : France, Eastern front, Italy, Marianas, Southwest Pacific, Southeast Asia, China. Map insets: Bay of the Seine, southeastern Asia, central Italy, Poland-USSR border. Back: Map of the Po Valley, Italy.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts including Midway, Western Europe, Russia, Egypt, Southwest Pacific, Mediterranean, China, and Jugoslavia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes two inset maps: "Rommel drives east for Suez"; Nazi-Russian battles near Kursk. Photographs: Saboteurs' weapons, Port of embarkation, Allied leaders in the Middle East [Major Gen. Russell L. Maxwell, General Sir Claude Auchinleck], Armoured observation car, U.S. Army troops in shadow of the pyramids; British mechanized unit salvages a disabled tank; Blocking Nazi tanks;"Production hits its stride". Back: Poster features photographs of British weapons.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, Southwest Pacific, Air offensive, Crete, Kiska. Maps: Key Japanese bases; Solomon Islands; New Georgia Islands, Battle area near Moscow. Photographs: Smoke rises from the Japanese airfield at Munda; Fortress over Huls. Back: Map of the battle area on the Eastern front.

Text describes action on various war fronts: China, Russia, Western Europe, Southwest Pacific, Convoys, Egypt, Aleutians. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: The sixth year of war in the China provinces; The Russian central front; Battleground of the Middle East. Photographs: British gliders; Lady drivers; The FBI walked in; Royal inspection; Southwest fighting bases

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Russia, North Africa, Vichy fleet, Atlantic, Madagascar, Jugoslavia, Burma, China. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: Battle of Midway, Battleground in North Africa, Russian Front. Photographs: U.S. carrier is hit; Somewhere in Australia; Night bloom; Desert daybreak; Taken from Rommel; All-Chinese gun crew; Seagoing tractor on test; Ride through hell. Back: Text and illustrations promote the WEFT (Wing, Engine, Fuselage, Tail) method of aircraft recognition.

Front: Text describes action on various war fronts: Southwest Pacific, China, Aleutians, Atlantic, North Africa, Western Europe, Russia. Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world. Includes inset maps: China front, Russian front. Includes seven photographs. Back: Photographs show a variety of tanks utilized by the British Army.

This report provides basic information about U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It begins with a brief discussion of the differences between strategic and nonstrategic nuclear weapons. It then provides some historical background, describing the numbers and types of nonstrategic nuclear weapons deployed by both nations during the Cold War and in the past decade; the policies that guided the deployment and prospective use of these weapons; and the measures that the two sides have taken to reduce, eliminate, and, more recently, augment their forces. The report reviews the issues that have been raised with regards to U.S. and Russian nonstrategic nuclear weapons, essentially identifying the "problems" many associate with the continued deployment of these weapons. It concludes with a review of policy options, or "solutions" for the preceding problems, that might be explored by Congress, the United States, Russia, and other nations.

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This report discusses the U.S.-imposed sanctions on Russia for malicious cyber activity.

At several meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin, President George W. Bush stated that his administration will work with the Congress to grant Russia permanent 'normal trade relations" (PNTR) status. The change in Russia's trade status will require legislation to lift the restrictions currently applied to Russia under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974, which includes the "freedom-of-emigration" requirements of the Jackson-Vanik amendment. The Bush Administration requested the 108th Congress to act. Two bills were introduced in the Senate and one in the House but none of them received further congressional action.

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This report discusses the U.S. response to the Russian Government potentially violating the Missile Technology Control Regime. The report details the accusations made against Russia, the progression of Iran's nuclear power program, and the connection these allegations have with respect to U.S. policy.

This report discusses the current political and economic conditions in Russia, focusing on the impact of Vladimir Putin's leadership and the leadership of his successor/protégé , Dmitriy Medvedev, both of which have steered Russia away from progress toward democratization. The report also discusses the state of the economy since the Soviet collapse in 1999, how the recent global economic downturn has affected Russia, the state of Russia's military, and the current relationship between Russia and the United States.