The authors present direct measurements of the Z{sup 0}-lepton coupling asymmetries, A{sub e}, A{sub {mu}}, and A{sub {tau}}. It is based on a data sample selected from 170 k Z{sup 0} decays collected by the SLD detector. The Z`s are produced by collisions of polarized e{sup {minus}} with unpolarized e{sup +} bunches at SLC. The couplings are extracted from the measurement of the left-right forward-backward asymmetry for each lepton species. The preliminary results (using information from all leptonic data for A{sub e}) are: A{sub e} = 0.148 {+-} 0.016, A{sub {mu}} = 0.102 {+-} 0.033 and A{sub {tau}} = 0.190 {+-} 0.034.

This paper introduces new octant-range, composite-type Gauss and mid-point rule angular quadrature formulas for neutron and photon transport computations. A generalization to octant-range quadratures is also introduced in order to allow for discontinuities at material interfaces for two- and three-dimensional transport problems which can be modeled with 60-degree triangular or hexagonal mesh subdivisions in the x-y plane.

A spatial-domain solution to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric half-space is outlined. The resulting half-space operators are referred to as Fresnel surface integral operators. When used as preconditioners for nonplanar geometries, the Fresnel operators yield surface Fresnel integral equations (FIEs) which are stable with respect to dielectric constant, discretization, and frequency. Numerical properties of the formulations are discussed.

Automatic control of fine coal cleaning circuits has traditionally been limited by the lack of sensors for on-line ash analysis. Although several nuclear-based analyzers are available, none have seen widespread acceptance. This is largely due to the fact that nuclear sensors are expensive and tend to be influenced by changes in seam type and pyrite content. Recently, researchers at VPI&SU have developed an optical sensor for phosphate analysis. The sensor uses image processing technology to analyze video images of phosphate ore. It is currently being used by PCS Phosphate for off-line analysis of dry flotation concentrate. The primary advantages of optical sensors over nuclear sensors are that they are significantly cheaper, are not subject to measurement variations due to changes in high atomic number minerals, are inherently safer and require no special radiation permitting. The purpose of this work is to apply the knowledge gained in the development of an optical phosphate analyzer to the development of an on-line ash analyzer for fine coal slurries. During the past quarter, an industrially-hardened version of the video-based ash analyzer was designed and constructed. All components are now in place at the Middle Fork plant site awaiting the installation of a sample line …

Experiments are described that have been designed to measure separately annihilation and reaction cross sections for antiprotons of approximately 450 MeV on oxygen, copper, silver, and lead. A new and more luminous spectrograph has been built for this experiment. The antiproton cross sections a r e compared with total proton cross sections, and are found to be larger by a factor varying from 1.74 for oxygen to 1.39 for silver. Calculations based on the optical model give a reasonable connection between these cross sections and the 6-p and 6-n cross sections. Finally, the information available on antiproton production cross sections is collected. There are indications that a free nucleon is several times as effective as a bound one for producing antiprotons.

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Patent for an improvement to car couplings which would "obviate the necessity and its attendant danger of going between the cars" (lines 17-18) including an illustration.

Using a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) phase transformation and room temperature Equation of State (EOS) for some actinides and lanthanides were studied to multimegabar (megabar = 100 GPa) pressures. Experimental data are compared with the theoretically predicted crystal structural changes and the pressure-volume relationships. There is a general agreement between theory and experiment for the structural changes in the lighter actinides, however in detail there are some discrepancies still. A generalized trend for the phase transformations in the lanthanides can be seen, which again has broad agreement with theory. We conclude that an accurate and robust theoretical base for predicting the phase transformations in the f-electron metals can be developed by incorporating the DAC data.

This report discusses the recent legislation regarding whaling in general, and aboriginal whaling in particular. Legislative measures, primarily in the form of concurrent resolutions, have been proposed in four categories: protesting commercial, scientific, or community (nonaboriginal) whaling; ensuring aboriginal whaling rights; providing a tax break for aboriginal whaling captains; and addressing the United States' policy at the annual meetings of the IWC.

A surface-micromachined two-degree-of-freedom system that was driven by parallel-plate actuation at antiresonance was demonstrated. The system consisted of an absorbing mass connected by folded springs to a drive mass. The system demonstrated substantial motion amplification at antiresonance. The absorber mass amplitudes were 0.8-0.85 pm at atmospheric pressure while the drive mass amplitudes were below 0.1 pm. Larger absorber mass amplitudes were not possible because of spring softening in the drive mass springs. Simple theory of the dual-mass oscillator has indicated that the absorber mass may be insensitive to limited variations in strain and damping. This needs experimental verification. Resonant and antiresonant frequencies were measured and compared to the designed values. Resonant frequency measurements were difficult to compare to the design calculations because of time-varying spring softening terms that were caused by the drive configuration. Antiresonant frequency measurements were close to the design value of 5.1 kHz. The antiresonant frequency was not dependent on spring softening. The measured absorber mass displacement at antiresonance was compared to computer simulated results. The measured value was significantly greater, possibly due to neglecting fringe fields in the force expression used in the simulation.

Recently it has been proposed that heavy ion beams could be accelerated with sufficient power and focus to generate shock heating and create hot plasmas in targets of various materials. This preliminary study addresses two aspects of this process: first, the energy deposition by the primary beam, and second, the problem of energy deposition by secondary nuclear reaction particles. For the purpose of discussion it is assumed that beams of 600 MeV/amu uranium (143 GeV total) are focussed on various targets of thickness 1-10 mm. The energy deposition within such targets by the primary and secondary particles is studied.

The retained dose of ions can be increased by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIIID). A substrate is immersed in a metal or carbon plasma and a negative repetitively pulsed bias voltage is applied. During the pulses, an electric sheath is formed around the substrate and ions are accelerated through the sheath and implanted into the substrate. Direct and recoil ion implantation and sputtering take place during the pulses whereas low-energy deposition occurs between the pulses. The condensable plasma can be produced using a cathodic arc plasma source combined with a magnetic macroparticle filter. PIIID can be applied to perform fast high-dose implantations or to deposit thin films with broad intermixing at the film-substrate interface. The bias voltage duty cycle can be tuned to sputter away the film deposited during pulse off-time (similar to the method of sacrificial layer). We have simulated the PIIID process using the Monte Carlo code T-DYN 4.0. This code allows a calculation of the dose-dependent depth profile for a process with deposition and implantation phases, taking sputtering into account. Predicted retained doses and experimentally obtained retained doses measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry are compared.

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The European Parliament (EP) is one of the three key institutions of the European Union (EU), and the only EU institution whose members are directly elected. This report discusses the construction and history of the EP, its role in functions of the EU as well as internationally, various international supports and criticisms of the EP, and the EP's ties with the U.S. Congress.

This report discusses the construction and history of the European Parliament (EP), its role in functions of the European Union as well as internationally, various international supports and criticisms of the EP, and the EP's ties with the U.S. Congress.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has, to date, opened cases exclusively in Africa. Cases concerning 25 individuals are open before the Court, pertaining to crimes allegedly committed in six African states: Libya, Kenya, Sudan (Darfur), Uganda (the Lord's Resistance Army, LRA), the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. This report provides background on current ICC cases and examines issues raised by the ICC's actions in Africa.

Within the next few decades, several hundred thousand tons of metal and several million cubic meters of concrete are expected to be removed from nuclear facilities across the US Department of Energy (DOE) complex as a result of decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) activities. These materials, together with large quantities of tools, equipment, and other items that are commonly recovered from site cleanup or D&D activities, constitute non-real properties that warrant consideration for release from regulatory control for reuse or recycle, as permitted and practiced under current DOE policy. The provisions for implementing this policy are contained in the Draft Handbook for Controlling Release for Reuse or Recycle of Non-Real Property Containing Residual Radioactive Material published by DOE in 1997 and distributed to DOE Field Offices for interim use and implementation. This manual describes a computer management tool, P2Pro(RSM), that implements the first 5 steps of the 10-step process stipulated by the Handbook. P2Pro(RSM) combines an easy-to-use Windows interface with a comprehensive database to facilitate the development of authorized release limits for non-real property.

The goal of this research is to engineer enzymes to be efficient and economically attractive catalysts for the chemical industry. The author is attempted to demonstrate generally-applicable approaches to enzyme improvement as well as develop specific catalysts for potential industrial application. The paper describes the progress in two projects: (a) Random mutagenesis of pNB esterase: Improved activity and stability; and (2) Subtilisin mutants exhibiting improved ligase activity in organic solvents.

Validation of material models in a variety of scientific and technological applications requires accurate data regarding the high-pressure thermodynamic and mechanical properties. Traditional laboratory techniques for striking these measurements involve light gas guns to generate the required thermodynamic states, and the use of high-resolution time-resolved diagnostics to measure the desired material properties. EOS and constitutive material properties of importance to modeling needs include high-pressure Hugoniot curves and off-Hugoniot properties, such as. material strength and isentropic compression and decompression [1]. Conventional light gas guns are limited to impact pressures of about 7 Mbar in high-impedance materials. Pulsed radiation sources, such as high-intensity lasers, and pulsed power techniques significantly extend the accessible pressures and are becoming accepted methods for meeting the needs of material models in regimes inaccessible by gas guns. A present limitation of these new approaches is that samples must necessarily be small, typically a few tens of microns in thickness, which severely limits the accuracy of EOS measurements that can be made and also the ability to perform a variety of off-Hugoniot measurements. However, recent advances in z-pinch techniques for high-pressure material response studies provide potential opportunities for achieving accuracies comparable with gas guns because of the significantly larger …

Patent for a new and improved rain-proof cap for chimneys. This design "is to provide a . . . rain-proof or chimney tube for receiving that part of a stove-pipe that projects above the roof, which rain-proof is so constructed that pipes can be held in the same at different inclinations. The invention consists in a rain-proof formed of a conical tube held on the roof, in the upper end of which conical tube the upper end of the stove-pipe is held. A hood is held on the upper end of the stove-pipe" (lines 8-18).

This supporting document has been prepared to make the FDNW calculations for Project W-320 readily retrievable. The Equipment Removal System (ERS) has been identified by WHC as not having any safety class 1 items present in the tank pits during equipment removal activities. Documentation of this finding is provided in Letter of Instruction 3/1 Analysis Requirements for Project W-320 Equipment Removal System (REF: LOI KGS-94-013). Based on this specific direction from WHC, 3/1 analysis for any component of the Project W-320 ERS is required. No further documentation of non-safety impacting safety items is required per DOE-RL Audit finding No. 90-02, and filing of this memorandum in the W-320 project files satisfies the intent of the referenced DOE observation.

We have applied ultraviolet Thomson scattering to accurately measure the electron and ion temperature in high-density gas-filled hohlraums at the Nova laser facility. The implementation of a short-wavelength probe laser that operates at 263 nm (4{omega}) has allowed us for the first time to investigate scalings to high gas fill densities and to characterize the hohlraum conditions of the low-Z gas plasma. as well as of the high-Z wall plasma. These measurements have provided us with a unique data set that we use to make critical comparisons with radiation-hydrodynamic modeling using the code LASNEX. This code is presently being applied to design fusion targets for the National Ignition Facility. The Thomson scattering experiments show the existence of electron temperature gradients in the gas plasma that are well modeled when including a self-consistent calculation of magnetic fields. The fields are of relatively small strength not affecting the Thomson scattering spectra directly but limiting the electron thermal transport in the gas resulting into temperature gradients consistent with the experimental observations. In addition, the ion temperature data show that the stagnation time of the gas plasma on the hohlraum axis, which is driven by the radial inward flowing plasma, is sensitive to the …