LILCO is studying the effects of the AGS Booster power swing on its power grid. The study is being conducted by GE systems Development and Engineering, Schenectady, New York. In notes, dates November 10, 1987, prepared for a GE-LILCO Progress Review Meeting, the author notes LILCO system resonances that are excited by the heavy ion cycle. The data used by GE for their study, is the power flow required for continuous operation of the Booster, namely a continuous 13MW Power swing and a period of one second. The data used by GE came from BNL reports, used to analyze the power line flicker generated by this pulsating load. It is a worse case study and does not represent the Booster cycle. The Booster must be synchronized with the AGS, which is operated with a period of 3 seconds, when accelerating heavy ions. Thus the Booster duty cycle is 1/3 with a peak power swing of 13MW. The time of one second used to cycle the Booster magnets is arbitrary and can be increased to a maximum of three seconds. The peak power swing and the power spectrum are modified by the Booster duty cycle and period. The spectrum is critical …

Testing of the prototype Booster dipole magnet at full current produced measurable disturbances of the beam position at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Power for the magnet and the NSLS are distributed from three substation transformers at Temple Place. Normally the substation configuration is for two independent 13.8 KV buses, derived from the 69 KV LILCO distribution. The buses are connected through a circuit breaker that is normally open circuited. Power for the magnet test is derived from one of the 13.8 KV buses and power for the NSLS is derived from the second bus. Coupling of the pulsating magnet load and the NSLS is at the 69 KV level. However, on the days that the interference was first observed at the NSLS only one-half of the substation transformers at Temple Place were in service. The 13.8 KV tie breaker was closed and the full substation load was supplied from this common bus. Thus the coupling between the pulsating magnet load and the NSLS was at the 13.8 KV level. Establishing the normal two bus configurations at Temple Place appeared to reduce the disturbance. These events suggested a controlled experiment to measure the magnet power swing and the induced powerline …

The Booster power requirements and power line flicker has been previously calculated for the 1 GEV proton cycle. Since then the maximum proton energy has been increased to 1.5 GEV, and the cycle period increased from 100 to 133 millisec. the design manual lists the peak magnet current as 2220A (previous value of 1672A). The maximum stored energy is increased by a factor of 1.763 and the power swing is increased by a factor of 1.32; increasing the flicker approximately by this factor. The required magnet voltage has been calculated and is given for the dipole and quadrupole strings. The total power at the AC bus bar isgiven. To calculate the reactive power, the dipole excitation is assumed to consist of 5--1000 volt supplies in series and sequentially switched. The quadrupole supply consist of 5--175 volt supplies in series and sequentially switched.

Testing of the prototype Booster dipole magnet at full current produced measurable disturbances of the beam position at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Power for the magnet and the NSLS are distributed from three substation transformers at Temple Place. Normally the substation configuration is for two independent 13.8 KV buses, derived from the 69 KV LILCO distribution. The buses are connected through a circuit breaker that is normally open circuited. Power for the magnet test is derived from one of the 13.8 KV buses and power for the NSLS is derived from the second bus. Coupling of the pulsating magnet load and the NSLS is at the 69 KV level. However, on the days that the interference was first observed at the NSLS only one-half of the substation transformers at Temple Place were in service. The 13.8 KV tie breaker was closed and the full substation load was supplied from this common bus. Thus the coupling between the pulsating magnet load and the NSLS was at the 13.8 KV level. Establishing the normal two bus configurations at Temple Place appeared to reduce the disturbance. These events suggested a controlled experiment to measure the magnet power swing and the induced powerline …

This report examines some properties of a new type of open accelerating structure. It consists of a series of rectangular cavities, which we call foxholes, joined by a beam channel. The power for accelerating the particles comes from an external radiation source and enters the cavities through their open upper surfaces. Analytic and computer calculations are presented showing that the foxhole is a suitable structure for accelerating relativistic electrons.

It has been proposed that the AGS Heavy Ion/Proton Booster be excited directly from the electric power distribution system without intervening an energy storage buffer such as an MG set or a magnetic energy buffer. The average power requirement of the AGS Booster is less than many single-loads presently housed on the lab site. However, the power swing will be the largest single pulsating load on the lab site. The large power swings will impact on the power grid producing utility-line disturbances such as voltage fluctuations and harmonic generation. Thus, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the quality of the electric power system resulting from the interconnection, such that the utility system is not degraded either on the lab site or at LILCO`s substation.

LILCO is studying the effects of the AGS Booster power swing on its power grid. The study is being conducted by GE systems Development and Engineering, Schenectady, New York. In notes, dates November 10, 1987, prepared for a GE-LILCO Progress Review Meeting, the author notes LILCO system resonances that are excited by the heavy ion cycle. The data used by GE for their study, is the power flow required for continuous operation of the Booster, namely a continuous 13MW Power swing and a period of one second. The data used by GE came from BNL reports, used to analyze the power line flicker generated by this pulsating load. It is a worse case study and does not represent the Booster cycle. The Booster must be synchronized with the AGS, which is operated with a period of 3 seconds, when accelerating heavy ions. Thus the Booster duty cycle is 1/3 with a peak power swing of 13MW. The time of one second used to cycle the Booster magnets is arbitrary and can be increased to a maximum of three seconds. The peak power swing and the power spectrum are modified by the Booster duty cycle and period. The spectrum is critical …

It has been proposed that the AGS Heavy Ion/Proton Booster be excited directly from the electric power distribution system without intervening an energy storage buffer such as an MG set or a magnetic energy buffer. The average power requirement of the AGS Booster is less than many single-loads presently housed on the lab site. However, the power swing will be the largest single pulsating load on the lab site. The large power swings will impact on the power grid producing utility-line disturbances such as voltage fluctuations and harmonic generation. Thus, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the quality of the electric power system resulting from the interconnection, such that the utility system is not degraded either on the lab site or at LILCO's substation.

Motivated by the need for new means for specification and determination of 3D fields that are produced by electromagnetic lens elements in the region interior to coil windings and seeking to obtain techniques that will be convenient for accurate conductor placement and dynamical study of particle motion, we have conveniently gene the representation of a 2D magnetic field to 3D. We have shown that the 3 dimensioal magnetic field components of a multipole magnet in the curl-fire divergence-fire region near the axis r=0 can be derived from one dimensional functions A{sub n}(z) and their derivatives (part 1). In the region interior to coil windings of accelerator magnets the three spatial components of magnet fields can be expressed in terms of harmonic components'' proportional to functions sin (n{theta}) or cos (n{theta}) of the azimuthal angle. The r,z dependence of any such component can then be expressed in terms of powers of r times functions A{sub n}(z) and their derivatives. For twodimensional configurations B{sub z} of course is identically zero, the derivatives of A{sub n}(z) vanish, and the harmonic components of the transverse field then acquire a simple proportionality B{sub r,n} {proportional to} r{sup n-1} sin (n{theta}),B{sub {theta},n} {proportional to} r{sup n-1} …

The activities performed in verification of reactor fuel rods and assemblies by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors include measurements of the length of the enriched uranium sections in fuel assemblies and fuel rods. These measurements are normally made with the IAEA hand-held gamma monitor (HM-4) on fuel elements containing only enriched uranium. Many fuel rods currently in use contain natural uranium end sections and several different {sup 235}U enrichment zones. To support development of standard procedures for IAEA nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements, a field measurement campaign was carried out to evaluate the FM-4 measurements and to investigate the feasibility of extending the HM-4 measurements to fuel rods and assemblies containing both natural and enriched uranium sections. The results show that the enriched fuel length can be measured to within {plus_minus} 1 to 2 cm in the presence of natural uranium sections and to within {plus_minus} 0.5 = when only enriched uranium is present. Based on the results from these measurements, a standard procedure, ``Measurement of Active Fuel Length in Fuel Assemblies and Fuel Rods Using the HM-4,`` has been drafted for review by the IAEA.

In a recent letter, E. Ikonen proposed a Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) intensity interferometry experiment to demonstrate interference effects between independent gamma rays. Ikonen suggests that in order to obtain a measurable correlation signal with gamma or x-radiation, it would be necessary to use a highly monochromatic beam such as that produced by a monochromator based on the Mossbauer effect, operating on a high brilliance beamline at a synchrotron storage ring. In this comment, the authors point out that, although this is a possible approach, it is unnecessary to utilize the extremely narrow bandwidth afforded by nuclear resonant monochromatization to demonstrate the HBT effect with x-rays. Furthermore, they do not agree that the proposed experiment would provide evidence of interference between independent quanta in the x-ray region, or that the results of such an experiment depend on quantum phenomena which are fundamentally different than those which apply to conventional (amplitude) interferometry.

The Booster power requirements and power line flicker has been previously calculated for the 1 GEV proton cycle. Since then the maximum proton energy has been increased to 1.5 GEV, and the cycle period increased from 100 to 133 millisec. the design manual lists the peak magnet current as 2220A (previous value of 1672A). The maximum stored energy is increased by a factor of 1.763 and the power swing is increased by a factor of 1.32; increasing the flicker approximately by this factor. The required magnet voltage has been calculated and is given for the dipole and quadrupole strings. The total power at the AC bus bar isgiven. To calculate the reactive power, the dipole excitation is assumed to consist of 5--1000 volt supplies in series and sequentially switched. The quadrupole supply consist of 5--175 volt supplies in series and sequentially switched.

The activities performed in verification of reactor fuel rods and assemblies by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards inspectors include measurements of the length of the enriched uranium sections in fuel assemblies and fuel rods. These measurements are normally made with the IAEA hand-held gamma monitor (HM-4) on fuel elements containing only enriched uranium. Many fuel rods currently in use contain natural uranium end sections and several different [sup 235]U enrichment zones. To support development of standard procedures for IAEA nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements, a field measurement campaign was carried out to evaluate the FM-4 measurements and to investigate the feasibility of extending the HM-4 measurements to fuel rods and assemblies containing both natural and enriched uranium sections. The results show that the enriched fuel length can be measured to within [plus minus] 1 to 2 cm in the presence of natural uranium sections and to within [plus minus] 0.5 = when only enriched uranium is present. Based on the results from these measurements, a standard procedure, Measurement of Active Fuel Length in Fuel Assemblies and Fuel Rods Using the HM-4,'' has been drafted for review by the IAEA.

The objective of this task is to perform a technical assessment of turbine blading for advanced second generation PFBC conditions, identify specific problems/issues, and recommend an approach for solving any problems identified. A literature search was conducted, problems associated with hot corrosion defined and limited experiments performed. Sulfidation corrosion occurs in industrial, marine and aircraft gas turbine engines and is due to the presence of condensed alkali (sodium) sulfates. The principle source of the alkali in industrial, marine and aircraft gas turbine engines is sea salt crystals. The principle source of the sulfur is not the liquid fuels, but the same ocean born crystals. Moreover deposition of the corrosive salt occurs primarily by a non-equilibrium process. Sodium will be present in the cleaned combusted gases that enter the PFBC turbine. Although equilibrium condensation is not favored, deposition via impaction is probable. Marine gas turbines operate in sodium chloride rich environments without experiencing the accelerated attack noted in coal fired boilers where condensed chlorides contact metallic surfaces. The sulfates of calcium and magnesium are the products of the reactions used to control sulfur. Based upon industrial gas turbine experience and laboratory tests, calcium and magnesium sulfates are, at temperatures up to …

The objectives of this research were to improve the interpretations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) measurements over two-dimensional subsurface structures. TEM is a surface electromagnetic method employed in fossil energy reservoir exploration and characterization. Electrical measurements find application in (i) assisting in fossil energy exploration mainly in areas where seismic methods yield inadequate data quality, such as volcanic covered terrain, permafrost areas, and the Rocky Mountain Overthrust; (ii) mapping contacts between hydrocarbon and brines in shallow producing horizon, and (iii) in monitoring enhanced oil recovery processes which cause zones of lower resistivity. The work under this contract consisted of three tasks: (1) Selection of a test site and acquisition of a high density, 3-component data set over the test site; (2) development of finite element modeling algorithms for computing 3-D EM fields over 2-D EM fields over 2-D subsurface structures; and development of TEM 2-D subsurface imaging method. Accomplishments for this period are described.

This report examines some properties of a new type of open accelerating structure. It consists of a series of rectangular cavities, which we call foxholes, joined by a beam channel. The power for accelerating the particles comes from an external radiation source and enters the cavities through their open upper surfaces. Analytic and computer calculations are presented showing that the foxhole is a suitable structure for accelerating relativistic electrons.

The objective of this task is to perform a technical assessment of turbine blading for advanced second generation PFBC conditions, identify specific problems/issues, and recommend an approach for solving any problems identified. A literature search was conducted, problems associated with hot corrosion defined and limited experiments performed. Sulfidation corrosion occurs in industrial, marine and aircraft gas turbine engines and is due to the presence of condensed alkali (sodium) sulfates. The principle source of the alkali in industrial, marine and aircraft gas turbine engines is sea salt crystals. The principle source of the sulfur is not the liquid fuels, but the same ocean born crystals. Moreover deposition of the corrosive salt occurs primarily by a non-equilibrium process. Sodium will be present in the cleaned combusted gases that enter the PFBC turbine. Although equilibrium condensation is not favored, deposition via impaction is probable. Marine gas turbines operate in sodium chloride rich environments without experiencing the accelerated attack noted in coal fired boilers where condensed chlorides contact metallic surfaces. The sulfates of calcium and magnesium are the products of the reactions used to control sulfur. Based upon industrial gas turbine experience and laboratory tests, calcium and magnesium sulfates are, at temperatures up to …

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