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Association Health Plans, Health Marts and the Small Group Market for Health Insurance
An estimated 41.2 million people were without health insurance in 2001. Legislation under consideration by the 108th and earlier Congresses is intended to assist small employers in offering health insurance as a benefit to their workers. A new bill, H.R. 4281, introduced on May 5, 2004, The Small Business Health Fairness Act of 2003 (H.R. 6601s. 545), and a number of bills from the earlier Congresses include provisions creating new groups for small firms to join or encouraging the growth of existing groups so that small employers can band together to offer coverage to their employees.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Hearne, Jean P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Crime Control: The Federal Response
Under the federal system in the United States, the states and localities traditionally have held the major responsibility for prevention and control of crime and maintenance of order. For most of the Republic’s history, “police powers” in the broad sense were reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution. Many still hold that view, but others see a string of court decisions in recent decades as providing the basis for a far more active federal role. Several bills are discussed in this report that address issues related to crime, juvenile justice, and Congress’ evolving role in crime legislation.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
O'Bryant, JoAnne
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
China's Economic Conditions
China’s economy continues to be a concern to U.S. policymakers. On the one hand, China’s economic growth presents huge opportunities for U.S. exporters. On the other hand, the surge in Chinese exports to the United States has put competitive pressures on many U.S. industries. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that greater efforts should be made to pressure China to fully implement its WTO commitments and to change various economic policies deemed harmful to U.S. economic interests, such as its currency peg and its use of subsidies to support its SOEs. In addition, recent bids by Chinese state-owned firms to purchase various U.S. firms have raised concerns among Members over the impact such acquisitions could have on U.S. national and economic security.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Morrison, Wayne M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Free and Reduced-Rate Television Time for Potential Candidates
This report provides an overview of free and reduced-rate TV time and discusses the policy, constitutional, and legal issues it raises.
Date:
July 7, 1997
Creator:
Cantor, Joseph E.; Rutkus, Denis Steven & Greely, Kevin B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Energy Efficiency: Budget, Oil Conservation, and Electricity Conservation Issues
In the 108th Congress, debate over energy efficiency programs has focused on budget, oil, natural gas, and electricity issues, and provisions in the omnibus energy policy bill, S. 2095, H.R. 6, and S. 14/S. 1149. The Bush Administration’s FY2005 budget request for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Energy Efficiency Program sought $875.9 million, including $543.9 for R&D and $332.0 million for grants. In the first session, the omnibus energy bill (H.R. 6) had several significant tax and regulatory measures for energy efficiency. It did not pass the Senate due to concerns about cost and an MTBE “safe harbor” provision.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Sissine, Fred
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Role of Risk Analysis and Risk Management in Environmental Protection
None
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Schierow, Linda-Jo
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Marriage Tax Penalty: An Overview of the Issues
None
Date:
July 7, 2000
Creator:
Gravelle, Jane G.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Brownfields and Superfund Issues in the 108th Congress
The Superfund program for cleaning up the nation’s worst hazardous waste sites was created by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, or CERCLA (P.L. 96-510, as amended). This report discusses recent development and background issues, superfund issues, revenue issues, comprehensive reauthorization, and legislation regarding superfund program.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Reisch, Mark
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Tax Benefits for Health Insurance: Current Legislation
None
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Lyke, Bob
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Country Applicability of the U.S. Normal Trade Relations (Most-Favored-Nation) Status
The United States accords permanent normal-trade-relations (NTR) (formerly called most-favored-nation (MFN)) treatment to all its trading partners except six countries to which it is denied by law and 11 countries whose NTR status is temporary and subject to the conditions of Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974.
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Pregelj, Vladimir N.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Middle East Peace Talks
None
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Migdalovitz, Carol
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Taiwan: Recent Developments and U.S. Policy Choices
None
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Dumbaugh, Kerry
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cuba: Issues for the 109th Congress
This report, which will be updated regularly, examines issues in U.S.-Cuban relations and tracks legislative initiatives on Cuba in the 109th Congress. The 109th Congress will likely continue an active interest in Cuba concerning human rights, debate over economic sanctions (especially on travel), food and agricultural exports to Cuba, terrorism issues, Radio and TV Marti, bilateral anti-drug cooperation, and migration issues.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Sullivan, Mark P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections
Presidential elections were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai won with about 55% of the vote. In a climate of escalating insurgent violence in Afghanistan, parliamentary and provincial elections are to be held on September 18, 2005; district elections are put off until 2006. See CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues
None
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Prados, Alfred B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
Restrictions on travel to Cuba have been a key and often contentious component in U.S. efforts to isolate the communist government of Fidel Castro for much of the past 40 years. Under the Bush Administration, enforcement of U.S. restrictions on Cuba travel has increased, and restrictions on travel and on private remittances to Cuba have been tightened. Several legislative initiatives have been introduced in the 109th Congress that would ease restrictions on travel and remittances to Cuba. These bills would, among other things, lift overall restrictions on travel to Cuba, lift the overall embargo, and ease restrictions on exporting agricultural commodities to Cuba.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Sullivan, Mark P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Honduras: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
Honduras faces enormous challenges in the areas of crime and human rights and improving overall economic and living conditions in one of the hemisphere’s poorest countries. The United States has a close relationship with Honduras, characterized by significant foreign assistance, an important trade partnership, a military presence in the country, and cooperation on a range of transnational issues. Honduras signed the original U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) in May 2004 and an expanded U.S.-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DR-CAFTA) in August 2004. The Honduran Congress approved the agreement on March 3, 2005, by a vote of 124-4. The Bush Administration views DR-CAFTA as a means of solidifying democracy in Honduras and promoting safeguards for environmental protection and labor rights in the country
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Sullivan, Mark P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Medicaid: A Fact Sheet
None
Date:
July 7, 2003
Creator:
Hearne, Jean P.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Afghanistan: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections
Presidential elections were held on October 9, 2004, with heavy turnout and minimal violence. Karzai won with about 55% of the vote. In a climate of escalating insurgent violence in Afghanistan, parliamentary and provincial elections are to be held on September 18, 2005; district elections are put off until 2006. See CRS Report RL30588, Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Alternative Minimum Tax for Individuals: Legislative Initiatives and Their Revenue Effects
This report discusses legislative initiatives regarding the alternative minimum tax (AMT) for individuals, which was originally enacted to ensure that all taxpayers, especially high-income taxpayers, paid at least a minimum amount of federal taxes.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Esenwein, Gregg A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vieques and Culebra Islands: An Analysis of Cleanup Status and Costs
None
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Bearden, David M.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defining Cable Broadband Internet Access Service: Background and Analysis of the Supreme Court's Brand X Decision
This report provides an overview of the regulatory actions leading up to and an analysis of the Supreme Court’s decision in National Cable & Telecommunications Association v. Brand X Internet Services. It also provides a discussion of the possible legal and economic implications of the Court’s decision.
Date:
July 7, 2005
Creator:
Welborn, Angie A. & Goldfarb, Charles B.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The NIH Recombinant DNA Guidelines: Brief History and Current Status
This Congressional Research Service Report for Congress provides information on the history and timeline of recombinant DNA and its uses.
Date:
July 7, 1982
Creator:
Johnson, Judith A.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Trafficking in Persons: The U.S. and International Response
Trafficking in people for prostitution and forced labor is one of the most prolific areas of international criminal activity and is of significant concern to the United States and the international community. The overwhelming majority of those trafficked are women and children. According to the most recent Department of State estimates, between 600,000 and 800,000 people are trafficked across borders each year.
Date:
July 7, 2006
Creator:
Miko, Francis T.
Object Type:
Report
System:
The UNT Digital Library