The advantages and disadvantages of four new high-resolution difference schemes, namely the von Neumann-Richtmyer, Godunovs, MUSCL and Glimms, for mathematically representing physical conditions in compressible gas flows are compared. (LCL)

Six tests of geopressured aquifers have yielded between 3.6 to 4.5 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/ (20 to 25 scf/bbl) of gas. These low gas concentrations are attributed to high salinities, that in all tests exceeded 100,000 mg/l, but undersaturated conditions cannot be ruled out completely. Research efforts are designed to delineate the geographic and stratigraphic variations in salinity and to recognize regional and local trends so that zones of lower salinity and higher gas concentration can be identified. Moreover, well logs and seismic data are being used to develop methods of detecting low concentrations of free gas in watered-out gas sands and in thin sands that were considered as noncommercial prior to renewed interest in unconventional gas supplies. (MHR)

Some of the recent work on CP violation in the six-quark model is reviewed.

A brief summary was presented of all the Cornell work on the primary state of radiation damage in ion-irradiated tungsten and platinum. The primary research tool for all this research was the field-ion microscope (FIM); the FIM was ideally suited for this research because of its excellent atomic resolution and the ability to examine the interior of the specimens, as a result of the field-evaporation effect. This paper summarized, in outline form, the following items: (1) the principal experimental quantities determined from the analyses performed on all the individual depleted zones (DZs) observed; (2) the main experimental programs; (3) a number of the more important results and conclusions concerning the vacancy structure of DZs; and (4) the three-dimensional spatial distribution of self-interstitial atoms around DZs in tungsten which had been irradiated and examined in situ at 10/sup 0/K.

The dissociation of 1-naphthol in aqueous solution occurs so rapidly that the fluorescence from the neutral form, ROH, has been previously described as completely extinguished or hardly noticeable. Apparently nearly all of the fluorescence originates from the naphtholate ion. This paper reports on the proton-transfer characteristics of a series of 1-naphthol compounds, and also reports preliminary data on excited-state proton transfer in an organometallic complex of ruthenium.

An international panel of energy analysts participated in an experiment to use HOPE (holistic preference evaluation): an interactive parametric linear-programming method for multiple-criteria optimization. The criteria of cost, environmental effect, crude oil, and nuclear fuel were considered according to BESOM: an energy model for the US in the year 2000.

Experimental progress in N and ..delta.. resonances since the Oxford baryon conference is reviewed. The review concentrates on hadronic channels, and on developments of the last one or two years. The topics reviewed include the antiproton lifetime; the ..delta../sup + +/ magnetic moment; measurements of ..pi..N elastic and charge-exchange scattering in the ..delta.. region, the eta n threshold region, and the high-mass region; partial wave analyses of ..pi..N ..-->.. ..pi..N; measurements of two-body inelastic ..pi..N scattering; and isobar analyses of ..pi..N ..-->.. ..pi pi..N. 75 references, 3 figures, 4 tables.

A configuration for the open cycle (OC) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system is presented incorporating a countercurrent falling jet evaporator and a concurrent falling jet condenser. The parameters governing performance of the proposed configuration are discussed and the sizing of equipment for a 100-MWe net power output OC OTEC plant is performed, based on recent experimental falling jet heat and mass transfer results. The performance of an OC OTEC plant with falling jet evaporator-condenser is compared with the Westinghouse conceptual design that uses an open-channel evaporator and a surface condenser. Preliminary calculations indicate that falling jet heat and mass transfer, when applied in the proposed configuration, leads to a very simple and compact plant assembly resulting in substantial capital cost savings.

The explanation of SN Type I by radioactive decay of /sup 56/Ni requires a relatively small value of the transparency function M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ = 0.22 in units of M/sub solar/'s and 10/sup 9/ cm s/sup -1/ to explain the light curve. A minimum mass of /sup 56/Ni is required to explain the peak and near peak luminosity. Subsequent radioactive decay energy must escape in some other form than optical light in order to explain the rapid early and late time decay. Early ultraviolet and infrared radiation are excluded as sinks of energy by observations. PdV work is excluded by theory. The energy loss due to the escape of gamma rays and ..beta../sup +/'s with the above value of M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ gives good agreement with the light curve after maximum, provided essentially all the trapped energy is converted to optical light. The peak of SN 1972e is explained with the above transparency value M/sub ej//v/sub 9//sup 2/ = 0.22 and mass of /sup 56/Ni of 0.25 M/sub solar/ or 0.4 M/sub solar/, and a distance of 3.2 Mpc or 4 Mpc, respectively. These values depend critically upon the prediscovery report of Austin (1972), and the assumption again …

The processes are extremely compact. The process reagents are highly resistant to radiation damage and, therefore, can be used to handle short-cooled, highly concentrated waste with negligible degradation. Most reagents can be recycled back through the process many times, thereby minimizing the generation of waste products, and also reducing the process cost. Fission-product wastes are discharged from the process as concentrated, solid wastes, typically in a metal matrix suitable for permanent disposal. Long cooling periods are not needed prior to conversion to a suitable waste form. The recovered actinides are obtained as metals and cen be easily stored or shipped. Pyrochemical processing of nuclear fuels should be considered as a second generation technology.

A double arm lead-glass lead-scintillator calorimeter system was used to search for narrow states, such as the eta/sub c/, produced in the exclusive reactions ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..gamma gamma..n, ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..gamma..n, and ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/n at 13 GeV/c. A 90% c.l. upper limit sigma.BR < 260 pb was found for ..gamma gamma.. states with masses from 2.6 to 3.1 GeV/c/sup 2/. Corresponding limits on narrow ..pi../sup 0/..gamma.. and ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup 0/ states are also given.

The surface analysis station of PDX combines several surface analysis techniques (AES, XPS, SIMS) for in-situ measurement of impurity fluxes in the edge-plasma. The major impurities deposited on a sample surface during nondiverted PDX discharges are oxygen, titanium (limiter material) and chlorine. The impurity fluxes measured at different radial positions decreased by a factor of ten from the plasma edge to the wall. The sample surface collecting the impurity ions is located behind a circular aperture. The observed broadening of the deposition profile of Ti relative to the aperture diameter enables an estimate to be made of the ratio of charge state/energy of Ti ions in the edge plasma. Time-resolved analyses of the deposited impurities are presented which indicate that the time behavior for various impurities may be quite different for different impurity species. This aspect is discussed in relation to probable impurity release mechanisms.

Calculations of steady laminar incompressible fluid-flow and heat transfer in a spherical annulus are presented. Steady pressures, temperatures, velocities, and heat transfer coefficients are calculated for an insulated outer sphere and a 0/sup 0/C isothermal inner sphere with 50/sup 0/C heated water flowing in the annulus. The inner sphere radius is 13.97 cm, the outer sphere radius is 16.83 cm and the radius ratio is 1.2. The transient axisymmetric equations of heat, mass, and momentum conservation are solved numerically in spherical coordinates. The transient solution is carried out in time until steady state is achieved. A variable mesh is used to improve resolution near the inner sphere where temperature and velocity gradients are steep. It is believed that this is the first fully two-dimensional analysis of forced flow in a spherical annulus. Local and bulk Nusselt numbers are presented for Reynolds numbers from 4.4 to 440. Computed bulk Nusselt numbers ranged from 2 to 50 and are compared to experimental results from the literature. Inlet flow jetting off the inner sphere and flow separation are predicted by the analysis. The location of wall jet separation was found to be a function of Reynolds number, indicating the location of separation depends …

This paper presents a description of the analyses of the control/protective system preliminary designs for the gas turbine high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (GT-HTGR) power plant. The control system is designed to regulate reactor power, control electric load and turbine speed, control the temperature of the helium delivered to the turbines, and control thermal transients experienced by the system components. In addition, it provides the required control programming for startup, shutdown, load ramp, and other expected operations. The control system also handles conditions imposed on the system during upset and emergency conditions such as loop trip, reactor trip, or electrical load rejection.

Embrittlement by molten plutonium of the refractory metals and alloys W-25 wt % Re, tantalum, molybdenum, and Ta-10 wt % W was studied. At 900/sup 0/C and a strain rate of 10/sup -4/ s/sup -1/, the materials tested may be ranked in order of decreasing susceptibility to liquid-plutonium embrittlement as follows: molybdenum, W-25 wt % Re, Ta-10 wt % W, and tantalum. These materials exhibited a wide range in susceptibility. Embrittlement was found to exhibit a high degree of temperature and strain-rate dependence, and we present arguments that strongly support a stress-assisted, intergranular, liquid-metal corrosion mechanism. We also believe microstructure plays a key role in the extent of embrittlement. In the case of W-25 wt % Re, we have determined that a dealloying corrosion takes place in which rhenium is selectively withdrawn from the alloy.

Simulation (both Monte Carlo and molecular dynamical) has become a powerful tool in the study of classical systems of particles interacting with short-range pair potentials. For systems involving long-range forces (e.g., Coulombic, dipolar, hydrodynamic) it is a different story. Relating infinite-system properties to the results of computer simulation involving relatively small numbers of particles, periodically replicated, raises difficult and challenging problems. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together a group of scientists, all of whom share a strong direct interest in clearly formulating and resolving these problems. There were 46 participants, most of whom have been actively engaged in simulations of Hamiltonian models of condensed media. A few participants were scientists who are not primarily concerned, themselves, with simulation, but who are deeply involved in the theory of such models.

Artificial photosynthetic devices are potential fuel sources. The basic idea in the design of such devices is a photosensitized electron-transfer that yields chemical species capable of reducing and oxidizing water to hydrogen and oxygen. A fundamental difficulty in effecting this transfer is the thermodynamically favored back reactions of the intermediary redox species. An interfacial model composed of a water-in-oil microemulsion is suggested to provide the separation of these redox species, thereby preventing back-reactions. This model is designed to accomplish the photodecomposition of water in two separate water-in-oil microemulsions coupled by a redox reaction. Phase-transfer of one of the redox products from the water-in-oil interface to the continuous organic phase is the principle by which separation is achieved. The oxidation and reduction sites of the general model have been constructed. One system includes the photosensitized oxidation of a donor, EDTA, solubilized in the water pool, benzylnicotinamide acts as a primary acceptor that mediates by the phase transfer principle the reduction of a secondary acceptor, dimethylamino-azobenzene, solubilized in the continuous organic phase. In system two, involving the photosensitized reduction of methyl viologen, by tris(2,2'bipyridine)Ru(2+), thioophenol is used as the donor and its oxidation product is phase transferred to the continuous organic phase. …

Numerical plasma simulations have been carried out to study: (1) the turbulent spectrum and anomalous plasma transport associated with a steady state electrostatic drift turbulence; and (2) the anomalous energy transport of electrons due to shear-Alfven waves in a finite-..beta.. plasma. For the simulation of the steady state drift turbulence, it is observed that, in the absence of magnetic shear, the turbulence is quenched to a low level when the rotational transform is a rational number, while the turbulent level remains high for an irrational rotational transform.

Experiments designed to heat electrons by Landau damping of waves at approximately twice the lower hybrid frequency have been carried out on Doublet IIA. This objective is in contrast to other lower hybrid experiments which are designed to heat ions using frequencies corresponding to the lower hybrid resonance frequency. Up to 500 kW of rf power was applied to discharge with approximately 100 kW ohmic input using parallel wavelengths chosen to optimize the spatial distribution of the power deposition based on linear or quasi-linear Landau damping.

Measurements performed at SPEAR have been discussed and scaling laws for the maximum luminosity and the maximum linear tune shift parameter with energy are shown. There are two distinct regimes, one below 2 GeV where the linear tune shift parameter scales like xi/sub y/ approx. E/sup 2/ /sup 4/ and the other regime where this parameter is constant xi/sub y/ approx. = 0.05 to 0.06. In the lower energy regime the limit is reached when the vertical beam size is blown up to the acceptance of the storage ring. A significant (< 10%) horizontal beam blow up is not observed and the value of the horizontal linear tune shift parameter xi/sub x/ does not seem to be related to the beam-beam limit.

The design and construction of the PEP project is briefly reviewed. The initial testing of the storage ring system and its present performance is described. The short-range plans for continuing development are discussed.

Vertical elongated 1.3:1 elliptical plasmas in which the outermost flux surfaces are magnetically expanded and diverted by external coils into the lower half of the Doublet III vacuum vessel are described. Approximately 5 cm of the nominal 45 cm plasma minor radius is diverted to the lower chamber. The diverted flux is expanded by more than a factor of ten before reaching the vessel wall. Photographic measurements show diffused hydrogen recycling light in the lower half of the vessel, with greatly reduced recycling at the normal limiters, and no evidence of localized particle flow to the vessel wall. A significant amount (approx. 50%) of the ohmic power is radiated in the expanded boundary region. Comparison of similar low density plasmas (approx. 2 x 10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/) with and without the expanded boundary shows that (1) the expanded boundary reduces the influx of nickel and oxygen impurities by an order of magnitude, (2) the boundary also reduces the influx of injected argon and helium by a similar factor, and (3) the concentration of argon in a non-diverted plasma is reduced by a factor of 10 when the expanded boundary is turned on. The central radiated power falls by an order …

In the past ten years, miniaturization of both electrical and mechanical parts has significantly increased. Documentation of the design and production capabilities of miniaturization in the electronics industry is well-defined. Literature on the subject of miniaturization of metal piece parts, however, is hard to find. Some of the current capabilities in the manufacture of miniature metal piece parts or miniature features in larger piece parts are discussed.

Concentrated sulfuric acid and oleum are among the most potentially hazardous chemicals routinely transported in bulk quantities on US and international waterways. Conceivably, during a marine mishap, tons of sulfuric acid could be abruptly released into the water, and the consequences of such a spill could be detrimental to man and the environment. Several acid spill scenarios are briefly described, and the results from laboratory experiments designed to simulate two different types of acid spill accidents are reported. It is shown that the convective mixing of concentrated sulfuric acid with water can adequately be described by a mathematical model which takes into account the variation of the buoyancy force arising from changes in acid concentration and released heat of dilution. A value of 0.21 is determined to be the entrainment parameter for the mixing of sulfuric acid with water. For oleum spills in which acid aerosol formation is a potential safety hazard, a conservative estimate of less than one-tenth of a percent is obtained for the amount of airborne acid under most accident conditions. The fraction of airborne acid, however, decreases very rapidly with increasing release depth below water surfaces. The acid aerosols exhibit a well-defined log-normal particle-size distribution with …