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This report provides results from an ongoing project to monitor the migration behavior and survival of wild juvenile spring/summer Chinook salmon in the Snake River Basin. Data reported is from detections of PIT tagged fish during late summer 2007 through mid-2008. Fish were tagged in summer 2007 by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in Idaho and by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) in Oregon. Our analyses include migration behavior and estimated survival of fish at instream PIT-tag monitors and arrival timing and estimated survival to Lower Granite Dam. Principal results from tagging and interrogation during 2007-2008 are: (1) In July and August 2007, we PIT tagged and released 7,390 wild Chinook salmon parr in 12 Idaho streams or sample areas. (2) Overall observed mortality from collection, handling, tagging, and after a 24-hour holding period was 1.4%. (3) Of the 2,524 Chinook salmon parr PIT tagged and released in Valley Creek in summer 2007, 218 (8.6%) were detected at two instream PIT-tag monitoring systems in lower Valley Creek from late summer 2007 to the following spring 2008. Of these, 71.6% were detected in late summer/fall, 11.9% in winter, and 16.5% in spring. Estimated parr-to-smolt survival to Lower …

Sandia National Laboratories is developing a new form of flexural plate wave device (FPW) for sensor applications. In this device, Lorentz forces cause out of plane vibrations in a silicon nitride membrane. Current induced in transducer lines on the membrane provides information about the amplitude and phase of these surface vibrations. By tracking the large amplitude vibrations that occur at resonant frequencies, it is possible to infer information about loading on the membrane. In fabricating FPWs, it is important to understand the impact that minor defects can have on operation. Through modeling and testing, they are developing resilient designs that provide large amplitude signals with a high tolerance to defects. A finite element model has been developed to perform design trade-off studies, and results from the model are being verified with a unique measurement system that can image Angstrom scale displacements at vibrational frequencies up to 800 kHz. Results from FPW modeling and imaging efforts are presented in this paper.

A review is made of the infrastructure, technology and capabilities of Sandia National Laboratories for the development of micromechanical systems. By incorporating advanced fabrication processes, such as chemical mechanical polishing, and several mechanical polysilicon levels, the range of micromechanical systems that can be fabricated in these technologies is virtually limitless. Representative applications include a micro-engine driven mirror, and a micromachined lock. Using a novel integrated MEMS/CMOS technology, a six degree-of-freedom accelerometer/gyroscope system has been designed by researchers at U.C. Berkeley and fabricated on the same silicon chip as the CMOS control circuits to produce an integrated micro-navigational unit.

We describe Synergia, a hybrid code developed under the DOE SciDAC-supported Accelerator Simulation Program. The code combines and extends the existing accelerator modeling packages IMPACT and beamline/mxyzptlk. We discuss the design and implementation of Synergia, its performance on different architectures, and its potential applications.

Patent for a new and improved hame-fastener. This design "is to provide a fastener . . . which is of simple construction, which can be readily adjusted, and in which all strain is removed from the pivot of the locking-dog, thus obviating any breakage of the pivot, whatever may be the strain" (lines 17-23).

A 32-stage centrifugal contactor underwent proof-of-concept testing for its potential use in caustic-side solvent extraction for removal of cesium from radioactive waste now stored in underground tanks at the Savannah River Site. This contactor met the performance goals. Maintaining this performance, however, depends on adequate temperature management. Subsequent calculations and measurements determined the effect of several sources of heat on the temperature of the liquid inside the contactor stages: heats of solvation and dilution, heat generated by the rotor in the mixing zone, and heat from the motor used to spin the rotor. The results indicated that over 90% of the heat comes from the motors, generating 12 W of thermal energy per stage. It was concluded that satisfactory temperature management of the contactor should be achievable by cooling the extraction section to remove 12 W of heat per stage.

This report examines the evolution of counterterrorism cooperation between the United States and the European Union (EU), particularly since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. It includes a discussion of U.S.-EU cooperation progress and ongoing challenges, as well as perspectives and issues for Congress.

This LDRD project created and used advanced analysis capabilities to postulate scenarios and identify issues, externalities, and technologies associated with future ''things nuclear''. ''Things nuclear'' include areas pertaining to nuclear weapons, nuclear materials, and nuclear energy, examined in the context of future domestic and international environments. Analysis tools development included adaptation and expansion of energy, environmental, and economics (E3) models to incorporate a robust description of the nuclear fuel cycle (both current and future technology pathways), creation of a beginning proliferation risk model (coupled to the (E3) model), and extension of traditional first strike stability models to conditions expected to exist in the future (smaller force sizes, multipolar engagement environments, inclusion of actual and latent nuclear weapons (capability)). Accomplishments include scenario development for regional and global nuclear energy, the creation of a beginning nuclear architecture designed to improve the proliferation resistance and environmental performance of the nuclear fuel cycle, and numerous results for future nuclear weapons scenarios.

A preliminary report has shown the potential importance of organic reactor coolants to Hanford technology. The salient points are complete avoidance of corrosion problems and accomplishment of DPR performance with low pressure technique. The recommendation of the report that loop tests be made at Hanford is to be acted upon by Recirculation Technology Unit as soon as organic coolant material is received. To insure starting this experimental work fully abreast of the information available, a trip to sites working with organic coolants was made. Specifically, data were sought on practical details of design for handling organic coolants, heat transfer and fouling characteristics, corrosion of materials, and hazards of handling organics.

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A new approach is being pursued to study corrosion in Cu alloy systems by using combinatorial analysis combined with microscopic experimentation (the Combinatorial Microlab) to determine mechanisms for copper corrosion in air. Corrosion studies are inherently difficult because of complex interactions between materials and environment, forming a multidimensional phase space of corrosion variables. The Combinatorial Microlab was specifically developed to address the mechanism of Cu sulfidation, which is an important reliability issue for electronic components. This approach differs from convention by focusing on microscopic length scales, the relevant scale for corrosion. During accelerated aging, copper is exposed to a variety of corrosive environments containing sulfidizing species that cause corrosion. A matrix experiment was done to determine independent and synergistic effects of initial Cu oxide thickness and point defect density. The CuO{sub x} was controlled by oxidizing Cu in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) O{sub 2} plasma, and the point defect density was modified by Cu ion irradiation. The matrix was exposed to 600 ppb H{sub 2}S in 65% relative humidity air atmosphere. This combination revealed the importance of oxide quality in passivating Cu and prevention of the sulfidizing reaction. A native oxide and a defect-laden ECR oxide both react at …

Patent for a hypodermic needle cleaner that allows the drill sizes to be easily changed for cleaning different size needles.

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Spontaneous improvements of plasma confinement during auxiliary heating have been observed in many tokamaks when the q profile has been modified from its normal resistive equilibrium so that q is greater than 1 and the magnetic shear is reduced or reversed in a region near the magnetic axis. The effects on the overall plasma confinement result from the formation in the plasma interior of transport barriers, regions where the thermal and particle transport coefficients are substantially reduced. These internal barriers are sometimes tied to unique magnetic surfaces, such as the surface where the shear reverses. The reduction in transport appears to result from the suppression of turbulence by sheared plasma flow, which has now been measured in TFTR. Extensions of the theory for turbulence suppression show that this underlying paradigm may also explain other regimes of improved core confinement. The excitement generated by these discoveries must be tempered by the realization that transport and stability to pressure-driven MHD instabilities are intimately linked in these plasmas through the bootstrap current and the effect of the resulting current profile on the transport. Thus the development of control tools and strategies is essential if these improved regimes of confinement are to be exploited …

During the course of a research problem involving hydrofluoric acid it became necessary to filter concentrated hydrofluoric solutions to remove various solid materials. The search for a suitable filter media finally led to the use of a commercially manufactured plastic material known as ``Sponge Teflon`` (polytetrafluoroethylone) which is produced by the DuPont Company. This material, which comes in 1/8 in. sheets, is used primarily as a gasket material in acid lines, and is impervious to all acids, including hydrofluorle acid.

The Fermilab Main Injector can produce intense 120 GeV/c proton beams for fixed target experimentation. Two deflecting mode RF systems can be used to separate charged kaons from a momentum selected secondary beam, consisting of pions, kaons and protons, using a time of flight method. We present the RF design of a 3.9 GHz superconducting cavity which operates in the deflecting (TM110) pi-mode and the dependence of the RF parameters on the cavity shape, as determined with finite difference calculations. End cell compensation has been treated, providing cell-to-cell field flatness. First results from measurements on a prototype cavity are shown. We demonstrated that it is possible to tune the deflecting mode of a cell cavity with bead pull measurements. Effects relating the polarization of the modes are discussed.

New computational results are presented which advance the understanding of the stability properties of the Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC). The FRC is an innovative confinement approach that offers a unique fusion reactor potential because of its compact and simple geometry, translation properties, and high plasma beta. One of the most important issues is FRC stability with respect to low-n (toroidal mode number) MHD modes. There is a clear discrepancy between the predictions of standard MHD theory that many modes should be unstable on the MHD time scale, and the observed macroscopic resilience of FRCs in experiments.

Patent for "a cultivator of simple and durable construction, capable of being adjusted laterally to any width and vertically to any desired height" (lines 9-12).

Report presenting an investigation to determine the overall performance of the three-stage turbine from the J71 turbojet engine. The turbine operated with a maximum brake internal efficiency of approximately 0.84 at an equivalent overall pressure ratio of approximately 3.6 and an equivalent rotor speed of about 110 percent of the equivalent design value.

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This report discusses the efforts currently underway to improve coordination and encourage better analysis amongst the various agencies within the U.S. Intelligence Community, especially with regard to the ongoing and prominent issue of international terrorism. In particular, this report addresses the false intelligence regarding Iraqi weapons of mass destruction and the current efforts in Iraq and Iran in general.

The dangerous waste permit identification number (WA7890008967)was issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington State Department of Ecology. This identification number encompasses a number of treatment, storage, and/or disposal units within the Hanford Facility. One of these treatment, storage, and/or disposal units is the PUREX Facility,currently undergoing a phased closure. The PUREX Facility Preclosure Work Plan submittal differs from closure plans previously submitted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office to the Washington State Department of Ecology,in that the closure process occurs in three distinct phases as part of the decommissioning process (i.e., transition,surveillance and maintenance, and disposition). Final closure will occur during the disposition phase. This phased decommissioning process is implemented because development of a complete closure plan during the transition phase is impractical and future land use determinations have not been identified. The objective of the transition phase is to place the PUREX Facility in a safe configuration with respect to human health and the environment. Following the transition phase activities, the PUREX Facility will begin the surveillance and maintenance phase of 10 or more years until disposition phase activities commence. The closure plan for the PUREX facility will be prepared during the …