A small set of final prototypes of the ATLAS Inner Detector silicon tracking system(Pixel Detector and SemiConductor Tracker), were used to take data during the 2004 Combined Test Beam. Data were collected from runs with beams of different flavour (electrons, pions, muons and photons) with a momentum range of 2 to 180 GeV/c. Four independent methods were used to align the silicon modules. The corrections obtained were validated using the known momenta of the beam particles and were shown to yield consistent results among the different alignment approaches. From the residual distributions, it is concluded that the precision attained in the alignmentof the silicon modules is of the order of 5 mm in their most precise coordinate.

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The deprotection blur of Rohm and Haas XP 5435, XP 5271, and XP5496 extreme ultraviolet photoresists has been determined as their base weight percent is varied. They have also determined the deprotection blur of TOK EUVR P1123 photoresist as the post-exposure bake temperature is varied from 80 C to 120 C. In Rohm and Haas XP 5435 and XP5271 resists 7x and 3x (respective) increases in base weight percent reduce the size of successfully patterned 1:1 line-space features by 16 nm and 8 nm with corresponding reductions in deprotection blur of 7 nm and 4 nm. In XP 5496 a 7x increase in base weight percent reduces the size of successfully patterned 1:1 line-space features from 48 nm to 38 nm without changing deprotection blur. In TOK EUVR P1123 resist, a reduction in post-exposure bake temperature from 100 C to 80 C reduces deprotection blur from 21 nm to 10 nm and reduces patterned LER from 4.8 nm to 4.1 nm.

A corner rounding metric has been used to determine the deprotection blur of Rohm and Haas XP 5435, XP 5271, and XP 5496 extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresists as base weight percent is varied; an experimental open platform photoresist (EH27) as base weight percent is varied; and TOK EUVR P1123 and FUJI 1195 photoresists as post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature is varied. In the XP 5435, XP 5271, XP 5496, and EH27 resist platforms, a 6 times increase in base weight percent reduces the size of successfully patterned 1:1 lines by over 10 nm and lowers intrinsic line-edge roughness (LER) by over 2.5 nm without changing deprotection blur. In TOK EUVR P1123 photoresist, lowering the PEB temperature from 100 C to 80 C reduces measured deprotection blur (using the corner metric) from 30 nm to 20 nm and reduces the LER of 50 nm 1:1 lines from 4.8 nm to 4.3 nm. These data are used to drive a lengthy discussion about the relationships between deprotection blur, LER, and shot noise in EUV photoresists. We provide two separate conclusions: (1) shot noise is probably not the dominant mechanism causing the 3-4 nm EUV LER floor that has been observed over the past …

We study the reaction e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} in the single tag mode and measure the differential cross section d{sigma}/dQ{sup 2} and the {gamma}{gamma}* {yields} {pi}{sup 0} transition form factor in the mometum transfer range from 4 to 40 GeV{sup 2}. At Q{sup 2} > 10 GeV{sup 2} the measured form factor exceeds the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative QCD. The analysis is based on 442 fb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected at PEP-II with the BABAR detector at e{sup +}e{sup -} center-of-mass energies near 10.6 GeV.

We search for evidence of a light scalar boson in the radiative decays of the {Upsilon}(2S) and {Upsilon}(3S) resonances: {Upsilon}(2S, 3S) {yields} {gamma}A{sup 0}, A{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}. Such a particle appears in extensions of the Standaard Model, where a light CP-odd Higgs boson naturally couples strongly to b-quarks. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range 0.212 {<=} m{sub A{sup 0}} {<=} 9.3 GeV in the samples of 99 x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(2S) and 122 x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(3S) decays collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II B-factory and set stringent upper limits on the effective coupling of the b quark to the A{sup 0}. We also limit the dimuon branching fraction of the {eta}{sub b} meson: {Beta}({eta}{sub b} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 0.9% at 90% confidence level.

The fundamental nature of mass is one of the greatest mysteries in physics. The Higgs mechanism is a theoretically appealing way to account for the different masses of elementary particles and implies the existence of a new, yet unseen particle, the Higgs boson. We search for evidence of a light scalar (e.g. a Higgs boson) in the radiative decays of the narrow {Upsilon}(3S) resonance: {Upsilon}(3S) {yields} {gamma}A{sup 0}, A{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}. Such an object appears in extensions of the Standard Model, where a light CP-odd Higgs boson naturally couples strongly to b-quarks. We find no evidence for such processes in a sample of 122 x 10{sup 6} {Upsilon}(3S) decays collected by the BABAR collaboration at the PEP-II B-factory, and set 90% C.L. upper limits on the branching fraction product {Beta}({Upsilon}(3S) {yields} {gamma}A{sup 0}) x {Beta}(A{sup 0} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) at (0.25 - 5.2) x 10{sup -6} in the mass range 0.212 {<=} m{sub A{sup 0}} {<=} 9.3 GeV. We also set a limit on the dimuon branching fraction of the {eta}{sub b} meson {Beta}({eta}{sub b} {yields} {mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup -}) < 0.8% at 90% C.L. The results are preliminary.

The authors report on the search for the rare decays B{sup +} {yields} D{sup (*)+} K{sub s}{sup 0} in approximately 226 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEp-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. They do not observe any significant signal and they set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions, {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} D{sup +}K{sup 0}) < 0.5 x 10{sup -5} and {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} D*{sup +} K{sup 0}) < 0.9 x 10{sup -5}.

The authors report measurements of branching fractions for the decays B {yields} P{ell}{nu}{sub {ell}}, where P are the pseudoscalar charmless mesons {pi}{sup -}, {pi}{sup 0}, {eta} and {eta}{prime}, based on 348 fb{sup -1} of data collected with the BABAR detector, using B{sup 0} and B{sup +} mesons found in the recoil of a second B meson decaying as B {yields} D{sup (*)}{ell}{nu}{sub {ell}}. Assuming isospin symmetry, they combine pionic branching fractions to obtain {Beta}(B{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup -} {ell}{sup +} {nu}{sub {ell}}) = (1.54 {+-} 0.17{sub (stat)} {+-} 0.09{sub (syst)}) x 10{sup -4}; they find 3.2{sigma} evidence of the decay B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}} and measure its branching fraction to be (0.64 {+-} 0.20{sub (stat)} {+-} 0.3{sub (syst)}) x 10{sup -4}, and determine {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{prime}{ell}{sup +}{nu}{sub {ell}}) < 0.47 x 10{sup -4} to 90% confidence level. Using partial branching fractions for the pionic decays in ranges of the momentum transfer and a recent form factor calculation, they obtain the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V{sub ub}| = (4.0 {+-} 0.5{sub (stat)} {+-} 0.2{sub (syst){sub -0.5}{sup +0.7}(theory)}) x 10{sup -3}.

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The RHIC vertical ac dipole was installed in the summer of 2001. The magnet is located in the interaction region between sector 3 and sector 4 common to both beams. The resonant frequency of the ac dipole was first configured to be around half of the beam revolution frequency to act as a spin flipper. At the end of the RHIC 2002 run, the ac dipole frequency was reconfigured for linear optics studies. A 0.35 mm driven betatron oscillation was excited with the vertical ac dipole and the vertical betatron functions and phase advances at each beam position monitor (BPM) around the RHIC yellow ring were measured using the excited coherence. We also recorded horizontal turn-by-turn beam positions at each BPM location to investigate coupling effects. Analysis algorithms and measurement results are presented.

An ac dipole with horizontally oriented oscillating magnetic field (spin flipper) was installed in FU-IIC to reverse the spin direction in the presence of two full Siberian snakes, thereby reducing the systematic errors for the spin physics experiments in RHIC. With two full snakes, the spin vector completes one full precession around the vertical direction in two revolutions, and the spin depolarization resonances due to the machine imperfections and betatron oscillations are eliminated. Since the spin flipper provides an oscillating horizontal dipole field, a ''spin resonance'' can occur if the spin flipper frequency is placed in the neighborhood of the spin precession frequency [ 1,2,3]. By slowly sweeping the spin flipper frequency across the spin precession frequency, a full spin flip can be achieved. This paper reports the results of the FZUC spin flipper commissioned during the RHIC 2002 polarized proton run. By running the spin flipper at a slightly different configuration, one can also measure the spin precession tune.

The authors have shown that in the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) undulator region, because of the high frequency content in the bunch shape, the energy variation induced by the resistive wall wake is much larger when the (proper) ac conductivity calculation is performed, than for the often-used dc calculation. Using a round copper beam pipe will result in a (relative) energy variation many times the Pierce parameter, implying that a large fraction of beam will not reach saturation. Our results suggest that this situation can be improved by, instead, choosing a flat, aluminum beam pipe.

This document contains the final report for DOE grant DE-FG02-03ER41239: Modeling and Analysis of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

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Several environmental statutes contain national security exemptions, which the Department of Defense (DOD) can obtain on a case-by-case basis. Since FY2003, DOD has sought broader exemptions that it argues are needed to preserve training capabilities and ensure military readiness. There has been disagreement in Congress over the need for broader exemptions in the absence of data on the overall impact of environmental requirements on training and readiness.

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This report discusses legislation and proposals regarding prices of gasoline. Policy options, oil-related legislation, and crude oil prices are among topics covered in this report.

Appropriations are one part of a complex federal budget process that includes budget resolutions appropriations bills, recessions, and budget reconciliation bills. The process begins with the President's budget request and it bounded by the rules of the House and Senate, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, and current program authorizations. This report is a guide to one of the 13 regular appropriations bills that Congress passes each year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Energy and Water. It summarizes the current legislative status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding levels, and related legislative activity. The report lists the key CRS staff relevant to the issues covered and related CRS products.

The very clean Schottky spectra of gold beams in RHIC allow an accurate measurement of potential well distortion. By observing the variation in the small amplitude, incoherent synchrotron tune with intensity and bunch length, the intensity dependent longitudinal force can be measured. Dynamical effects associated with coherent motion are not important though some new dynamical effects appear. Measurements were carried out both at injection energy and store, which allowed the space charge and wall contributions to be individually determined.

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The U.S.-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (DRCAFTA) is the eighth free trade agreement to include labor protections.1 Labor concerns tend to focus on three main questions: (1) How strong are labor laws in DRCAFTA countries?2 (2) Are those labor laws being adequately enforced? and (3) Does DR- CAFTA comply with the principal negotiating objectives for trade agreements outlined in the Trade Act of 2002?

The project goals are: (1) Develop CMT radiation detectors - Demonstrate feasibility (Phase 1 is complete) and Improve material properties and device performance; (2) This project will lead to novel radiation detectors - high detection efficiency, high energy-resolution, ambient-temperature operation, and low production cost; and (3) Such detectors are needed in areas of nonproliferation and national security for detection of SNM. Research highlights are: (1) We achieved our Phase-I goal - Demonstration of CMT detector performance approaching that of CZT detectors; (2) Demonstrated that In-doped CMT is much closer to its anticipated performance as radiation detectors than other alternative materials, TlBr and HgI{sub 2} - Large crystal volumes, 10{sup 10}{Omega}{center_dot}cm, 3 x 10{sup -3}cm{sup 2}/V, and stable response; and (3) Conducted material and device characterization experiments - Detectors: I-V, {mu}{sub e}, ({mu}{tau}){sub e}, internal E fields, energy spectra, and high-resolution x-ray response mapping data and Materials - DLTS, TCT, PL, EPDs, XRD, PCD and IR transmission.