This memo presents basic background theory for treating simultaneous propagation of electromagnetic pulses of various colors, directed along a common ray, through a molecular vapor. The memo discusses some techniques for expanding the positive frequency part of the transverse electric field into pulse modes, characterized by carrier frequencies within a modulated envelope. We discuss, in the approximation of plane waves with slowly varying envelopes, a set of uncoupled envelope equations in which a polarization mode-envelope acts as a source for an electric-field envelope. These equations, when taken with a prescription for the polarization field, are the basic equations of plane-wave pulse propagation through a molecular medium. We discuss two ways of treating dispersive media, one based upon expansions in the frequency domain and the other based in the time domain. In both cases we find envelope equations that involve group velocities. This memo represents a portion of a more extensive treatment of propagation to be presented separately. Many of the equations presented here have been described in various books and articles. They are collected and described here as a summary and review of contemporary theory.

Considering the high temperature, low O/sub 2/, high C environment of operation in the Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Systems, the utilization of coatings is envisaged to hold potential for extending component lifetimes through the formation of stable and continuous oxide films with enhanced resistance to C diffusion. A survey of the current state of technology for high temperature coatings has been performed. The usefulness of these coatings on the Mo, Ni, and Fe base alloys is discussed. Specifically, no coating substitute was identified for TZM other than the well known W-3 (pack silicide) and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ forming coatings were recommended for the Fe and Ni base structural materials. Recommendations as to coating types and processng have been made based on the predicted VHTR component size, shape, base metal and operational environment. Four tests designed to evaluate the effects of selected combinations of coatings and substrate matrices are recommended for consideration.

A general formulation of multi-phase fluid flow coupled to chemical reactions was developed based on a continuum description of porous media. A preliminary version of the computer code MCCTM was constructed which implemented the general equations for a single phase fluid. The computer code MCCTM incorporates mass transport by advection-diffusion/dispersion in a one-dimensional porous medium coupled to reversible and irreversible, homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. These reactions include aqueous complexing, oxidation/reduction reactions, ion exchange, and hydrolysis reactions of stoichiometric minerals. The code MCCTM uses a fully implicit finite difference algorithm. The code was tested against analytical calculations. Applications of the code included investigation of the propagation of sharp chemical reaction fronts, metasomatic alteration of microcline at elevated temperatures and pressures, and ion-exchange in a porous column. Finally numerical calculations describing fluid flow in crystalline rock in the presence of a temperature gradient were compared with experimental results for quartzite.

Recent measurements of nonsolar isotopic patterns for the elements neon and (perhaps) magnesium in cosmic rays are interpreted within current models of stellar nucleosynthesis. One possible explanation is that the stars currently responsible for cosmic-ray synthesis in the Galaxy are typically super-metal-rich by a factor of two to three. Other possibilities include the selective acceleration of certain zones or masses of supernovas or the enhancement of /sup 22/Ne in the interstellar medium by mass loss from red giant stars and planetary nebulas. Measurements of critical isotopic ratios are suggested to aid in distinguishing among the various possibilities. Some of these explanations place significant constraints on the fraction of cosmic ray nuclei that must be fresh supernova debris and the masses of the supernovas involved. 1 figure, 3 tables.

Four accelerator parameters were found to control the condition of the electron beam entering the Intergrated Fast Reactor (IFR). These parameters were the matching of the electron beam to the ion channel, the laser timing, the benzene pressure at the entrance to the IFR, and the timing of the accelerator gaps. Manipulation of these parameters make possible the control of the total current, the emittance, the pulse length, the mixture of laser induced current and cathode current, the radial growth in time, the final size of the beam, and the energy variation through the pulse. 1 fig.

A system of postionally stationary magnets is analyzed for the continuously variable deflection of a 50 MeV electron beam. The system is composed of a collection of horizontal and vertical bending magnets, quadrupoles, and a final deflection magnet that is conical in shape and capable of deflections of plus or minus 50 degrees simultaneously in both horizonal and vertical planes. Throughout the system the beam is assumed to be focused by its own magnetic self-field, the electric self-field being neutralized by background ions. The motion of the beam in the externally applied magnetic fields may then be considered as single particle motion. The system of bending magnets and quadrupoles pre-conditions the beam by introducing the proper displacements and angles at the entrance to the final deflection magnet for momentum deviations up to plus or minus one percent. The displacements and angles are determined by the chromaticity of the final deflection and are a function of the bending angles in the two planes. The total system is then doubly achromatic in both planes. The preconditioning magnets are of standard accelerator beam transport design while the conical deflection magnet is of a design fashioned from a television deflection coil scaled up by …

A listing of environmental surveillance sampling endeavors for the years 1978 and 1979 is given in which sampling media, i.e., ambient air, stack effluent air, water, and soil are considered. Sampling locations, frequency of sampling, parameters analyzed, and control limits also are given. The objectives of the sampling are considered in defining the program.

EPR was used to investigate the free radicals created in Kevlar 49 fibers by stress-induced and photo-induced macromolecular chain scissions. Mn/sup +2/ ions were identified from the EPR spectrum of frozen solutions of concentrated sulfuric acid containing Kevlar 49. Other ions present are Cu/sup +2/, and possibly Fe/sup +3/, Cr/sup +3/, and Ti/sup +3/. EPR lineshape anisotropy indicates that some of the metal ions and first coordinate spheres are oriented. The concentration of stress-induced radicals (2 x 10/sup 10/ per filament) suggest that chain scission occurs in more weak planes than are estimated to exist in the fracture surfaces of the fiber core. These radicals are unstable in air and have some aromatic character. Several different types of radicals were obtained following uv irradiations of the Kevlar 49 fibers in vacuum (photodegradative radicals) and in air (photo-oxidative radicals). The photodegradative radicals are identified with primary radicals involved in the photo-Fries rearrangement reaction, secondary radicals formed as a result of a hydrogen atom abstraction by the primary radical, and/or ketyl radicals produced as a result of uv irradiation of the photo-Fries rearrangement product. The photo-oxidative radicals are identified with the uv irradiation products of a peroxide intermediate. Lineshape anisotropy indicates that …

The Tevatron lattice, following closely the Main Ring lattice, is made up of approximately 90 FODO cells with six straight sections equally spaced. The straight sections are identical (neglecting the special high-..beta.. straight section used for resonant extraction) providing six-fold symmetry. Each straight section is comprised mainly of a pair of doublets, one at each end, in an antisymmetric configuration. The ..beta..-functions are matched to the building block cells but the dispersion function is not. The ..beta..-function matching implies that the structure is not sensitive to the tune of the sextant (i.e., structure resonances); however, the dispersion mismatch excites off-momentum dipole resonances and the dispersion structure of the ring is therefore sensitive to sextant tunes near an integer. The introduction of low-..beta.. insertions can be accomplished by replacing a standard insertion (expanded somewhat from the doublet pair straight section) with a low-..beta.. insertion. By matching the ends of the replacement units with respect to ..beta..-functions and dispersion function, the full lattice is made insensitive to linear structure resonances. Procedures are described here for introducing into the idealized Tevatron lattice considered here a single matched low-..beta.. insertion at BO, and two matched low-..beta.. insertions at BO and DO. The main consequence …

This report deals with the design principles involved in the design of a laminar-flow electrostatic-quadrupole-focused acceleration column. In particular, attention will be paid to making the parameters suitable for incorporation into a DC MEQALAC design.

In the interaction region of the SLC, the information of beam position monitors (BPM) is used to get crucial information on the beam parameters, like the position, the inclination, or the deflection of the beams at the interaction point. The information is usually extracted from the BPM readings by fitting orbits, using the known twiss parameters at the BPM positions. The quality of these fits depends, however, on the assumed resolutions of the BPMs. This is a particularly serious problem in the interaction region, since BPMs with quite different resolutions and very different values for the beta-function have to be combined. This note presents a method which allows empirical extraction of BPM-resolutions from the orbit-fits. The method has been originally developed in reference. It has been tested by Monte Carlo simulations and successfully exploited for the measurement of spatial resolutions of a time projection chamber. 2 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.

Refined nuclear analysis, including the treatment of resonance and spatial self-shielding, coupled with an optimization procedure, has resulted in improved performance estimates for two conceptual fission-suppressed blankets. Net specific breeding in these two blankets maximized at 0.024 and 0.023 U-233 atoms/MeV, which is about an order of magnitude higher than in fission breeders.

This report discusses the following topics on a Nuclear Power Plant operator advisor based on artificial Intelligence Technology; Workstation conversion; Software Conversion; V V Program Development Development; Simulator Interface Development; Knowledge Base Expansion; Dynamic Testing; Database Conversion; Installation at the Perry Simulator; Evaluation of Operator Interaction; Design of Man-Machine Interface; and Design of Maintenance Facility.

This report discusses the following topics on a Nuclear Power Plant operator advisor based on artificial Intelligence Technology; Workstation conversion; Software Conversion; V&V Program Development Development; Simulator Interface Development; Knowledge Base Expansion; Dynamic Testing; Database Conversion; Installation at the Perry Simulator; Evaluation of Operator Interaction; Design of Man-Machine Interface; and Design of Maintenance Facility.

MINIMARS is a conceptual fusion reactor based on tandem-mirror magnetic confinement. It is designed to produce 600 MW net electric for 41 mils/kWh and to be capable of passive shutdown and afterheat removal.

This document contains visual aids used in an invited talk entitled Modern Solid State Laser Materials, presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) held in Anaheim, California, on June 20, 1984. Interest at LLNL in solid state lasers focuses on evaluating the potential of solid state laser media for high average power applications, including inertial fusion power production. This talk identifies the relevant bulk material parameters characterizing average power capacity and uses chromium and neodymium co-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (Nd:Cr:GSGG) as an example of a laser material with improved laser properties relative to Nd:YAG (plausible large-scale growth, more efficient spectral coupling to xenon flashlamp radiation, reduced stimulated emission cross section, adequate thermal shock and optical damage threshold parameters, etc.). Recently measured spectroscopic, kinetic, and thermo-mechanical properties of Nd:Cr:GSGG are given.

A combustor has been designed in order to retard the formation of nitrogen oxides by injection of reburning fuel. The design and the rebuilding of the new combustor was completed. Several new features were incorporated in the new design so that it would last longer. The design and construction of the furnace are discussed in this report. (VC)

A combustor has been designed in order to retard the formation of nitrogen oxides by injection of reburning fuel. The design and the rebuilding of the new combustor was completed. Several new features were incorporated in the new design so that it would last longer. The design and construction of the furnace are discussed in this report. (VC)

The design and processing techniques necessary to incorporate bypass diodes within the module encapsulant are presented in this annual report. A comprehensive survey of available pad-mounted PN junction and Schottky diodes led to the selection of Semicon PN junction diode cells for this application. Diode junction-to-heat spreader thermal resistance measurements, performed on a variety of mounted diode chip types and sizes, have yielded values which are consistently below 1/sup 0/C per watt, but show some instability when thermally cycled over the temperature range from -40 to 150/sup 0/C. Based on the results of a detailed thermal analysis, which covered the range of bypass currents from 2 to 20 amperes, three representative experimental modules, each incorporating integral bypass diode/heat spreader assemblies of various sizes, were designed and fabricated. Thermal testing of these modules has enabled the formation of a recommended heat spreader plate sizing relationship. The production cost of three encapsulated bypass diode/heat spreader assemblies were compared with similarly rated externally-mounted packaged diodes. An assessment of bypass diode reliability, which relies heavily on rectifying diode failure rate data, leads to the general conclusion that, when proper designed and installed, these devices will improve the overall reliability of a terrestrial array over …

Techniques useful for generating and conditioning power for high energy pulsed accelerators with potential weapon applications are described. Pulsed electron accelerators are exemplified by ETA and ATA at Lawrence Livermore Laboratories and RADLAC at Sandia Laboratories Albuquerque. Pulse-power techniques used in other applications are briefly mentioned, including some that may be useful for collective ion accelerators. The limitations of pulse-power and the general directions of desirable development are illustrated. The main needs are to increase repetition rate and to decrease size.

Advanced wave models used to evaluate ICRH in tokamaks typically use warm plasma theory and allow inhomogeneity in one dimension. The majority of these calculations neglect the fact that gyrocenters experience the inhomogeneity via their motion parallel to the magnetic field. The non-local effects of rotational transform and toroidicity can play a significant role in both the propagation and the absorption physics. In strongly driven systems, wave damping can distort the particle distribution function supporting the wave and this produces changes in the absorption. The most common approach is to use Maxwellian absorption rates. We have developed a bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck quasilinear computational model which evolves the population of particles on more realistic orbits. Each wave-particle resonance has its own specific interaction amplitude within any given volume element; these data need only be generated once, and appropriately stored for efficient retrieval. The wave-particle resonant interaction then serves as a mechanism by which the diffusion of particle populations can proceed among neighboring orbits. The local specific spectral energy absorption rate is directly calculable once the orbit geometry and populations are determined. The code is constructed in such fashion as to accommodate wave propagation models which provide the wave spectral energy density on …

This paper presents a study of the stability of subcritical neutronic modes in boiling water reactors that can result in out-of-phase power oscillations. A mechanism has been identified for this type of oscillation, and LAPUR code has been modified to account for it. Numerical results show that there is a region in the power-flow operating map where an out-or-phase stability mode is likely even if the core-wide mode is stable. 4 refs., 7 figs.

Monthly report providing tabular statistical information about motor vehicle accidents in rural areas of Texas during 1982, with data broken out by various criteria including number of persons, locations, types of accidents, time of day, and other factors.

Monthly report providing tabular statistical information about motor vehicle accidents in rural areas of Texas during 1983, with data broken out by various criteria including number of persons, locations, types of accidents, time of day, and other factors.