This report provides a bibliography of resources related to multinational corporations which were published from 1968 to 1970.

A feasibility study has been completed to decontaminate the primary system of the Dresden-1 Nuclear Power Unit operated by Commonwealth Edison Company of Illinois. Available data initially were searched to determine the state of the art. Solvents based on organic acids and chelates gave unsatisfactory deontamination factors or unacceptable corrosion rates when evaluated for cleaning of specimens from the Dresden-1 primary system, under static and dynamic conditions. A new proprietary cleaning solution, Dow Solvent NS-1, was successfully applied in these laboratory studies.

This report summarizes the mechanical, structural, and hydrodynamic design of the Intermediate-Size Inducer Pump (ISIP). The design was performed under Atomics International's DOE Base Technology Program by the Atomics International and Rocketdyne Divisions of Rockwell International. The pump was designed to utilize the FFTF prototype pump frame as a test vehicle to test the inducer, impeller, and diffuser plus necessary adapter hardware under simulated Large Scale Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor service conditions. The report describes the design requirements including the purpose and objectives, and discusses those design efforts and considerations made to meet the requirements. Included in the report are appendices showing calculative methods and results. Also included are overall assembly and layout drawings plus some details used as illustrations for discussion of the design results and the results of water tests performed on a model of the inducer.

Appendices are presented which contain information concerning the decontamination of Dresden-1; consultant's opinions; proceedings of the American Power Conference, Volume 37, 1975; health physics reports; toxicological properties and industrial handling hazards of Dow solvent NS-1; and expected radiation dose rates in the new Dresden station radioactive waste processing building.

Work to develop the theory controlling the electroplating of a compound semiconductor on a transparent, conductive substrate and to demonstrate operative solar cells using the approach is reported. The current program is divided essentially into three paralleled team efforts. The first effort centers on refining the electroplating process at Monosolar so thicker and more uniform layers of p- or n-type cadmium telluride can be plated on both In/sub 2/O/sub 3/:Sn- and Ni- coated substrates. 1 ..mu..M thick polycrystalline films have been achieved for the first time ever without peeling problems, a thickness optimum for maximum solar absorption and economy of materials. Second, work is underway at UCLA to physically and electrically characterize the films and diodes made from them. Under proper conditions Schottky diodes with better than 10/sup 4/ rectification ratios at 1.5 V were obtained along with preliminary indications of grain sizes up to 1 ..mu..M. Measurements of these diodes revealed the presence of deep trapping level(s) that may be associated with plating process impurities that since may have been eliminated. Third, work so far on developing improved techniques for depositing ITO has been successful at UCLA in their effort to eliminate persistent problems with ITO obtained from outside …

These appendices to the Near Term Hybrid Vehicle Trade-off Studies reports present data on the SPEC-78 computer model for simulating vehicle performance, fuel economy, and exhaust emissions; propulsion system alternatives; lead-acid and sodium-sulfur batteries; and production cost estimates. (LCL)

Information is presented concerning corrosion studies on steels.

The use of a biphase turbine system to recover waste heat from diesel engines was examined and found to have many favorable attributes. Among these were low rpm, high torque, low heat exchanger cost, and simplicity. Several candidate working fluid combinations were tested at temperatures of interest. The contact heat exchanger concept was substantiated by large scale experiment. The program includes subscale tests of key hardware components of a biphase turbine bottoming system. These are the two-phase nozzle, two-phase turbine, and direct contact heat exchanger. A comprehensive cost analysis was completed. A three-year program leading to a full-size system field demonstration has been planned. Progress in the first year of this program and the effort started on the second year program are reported.

A 15-kilowatt, continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser was contracted to make partial-penetration welds in 6.35-and 12.7-mm-thick wrought depleted uranium plates. Welding power and speed ranged from 2.3 to 12.9 kilowatts and from 21 to 127 millimeters per second, respectively. Results show that depth-to-width ratios of at least unity are feasible. The overall characteristics of the process indicate it can produce welds resembling those made by the electron-beam welding process.

The potential hazard to man arising from the hypothetical release of radioactive spent fuel waste into various water systems has been evaluated. Radionuclide transport and human exposure were simulated for six water systems: a large Northwestern river, a small Northeastern river, a small Northwestern river, a large Central Region river, a lake with no outflow in an arid region, and an aquifer discharging directly into an ocean.

An analytical treatment related to the generation of space specific weighting factors is presented using a recursion relationship which employs a heat balance of both the outside and inside surface. After which the multizone problem is discussed, the analysis of which is facilitated through the use of the calculated weighting factors. The use of frequency domain methods is detailed such that the amplitude ratio and phase shift characteristics for a sinusoidal excitation are derived for the thermal load resulting from radiation heat gain/loss and space air temperature fluctuations. The results of a parametric study related to variable floor properties, radiation distributions and space sizes are presented. The weighting factors generated for each perturbation were used to define the expected differences in space response characteristics. Additional studies made using methods available for use in calculating thermal loads without the program peculiar aspects inherent in the first comparison. The Appendix, in addition to containing the tabulated results of the parametric study, also includes a specific discussion for each of the tasks outlined within the statement of work.

The MHD and high-temperature fuel cell literature was surveyed for data pertaining to materials properties in order to identify materials used in MHD power generation which also might be suitable for component use in high-temperature fuel cells. Classes of MHD-electrode materials evaluated include carbides, nitrides, silicides, borides, composites, and oxides. Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/-stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ used as a reference point to evaluate materials for use in the solid-oxide fuel cell. Physical and chemical properties such as electrical resistivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermodynamic stability toward oxidation were used to screen candidate materials. A number of the non-oxide ceramic MHD-electrode materials appear promising for use in the solid-electrolyte and molten-carbonate fuel cell as anodes or anode constituents. The MHD-insulator materials appear suitable candidates for electrolyte-support tiles in the molten-carbonate fuel cells. The merits and possible problem areas for these applications are discussed and additional needed areas of research are delineated.

Thermal energy storage (TES) technologies and their applications are discussed. The markets and commercialization status and potential are explored. ERDA TES program plans are presented. It is concluded that the only TES systems ready for immediate commercialization are storage water heating and space heating charged with off-peak electricity. All that is needed for commercialization to occur is the introduction of appropriate split electricity rates or load management contracts. In the near-term, solar water heating and space heating, electric utility TES and TES space cooling with off-peak electricity may prove economic. Technology for these systems is available now or will be soon. The most promising of these is TES space cooling for commercial buildings where the economies of scale may make the systems very attractive. Again, electric rate structures must be altered for commercialization to occur. Increasing energy costs and tax incentives will help commercialize solar systems. The systems also must be proven reliable and performance accurately predicted for general market acceptance to occur. More research must be done on seasonal storage, industrial uses of TES, heat battery powered vehicles and solar thermal power for electrical generation to determine their commercial potential. Of these, current estimates for heat vehicles are the …

Reconstructing past climatic variations can lead to a better understanding of possible future precipitation and groundwater recharge patterns. Work so far has led to several new insights into past climate variability and will provide input into the hydrologic modeling effort in progress for the Waste Management Program. Short-term reconstructions (0 to 350 y) suggest that the basin and range of the southwestern United States have the driest, least variable precipitation record. The Pacific Northwest shows higher variability and several trends lasting for more then 25 y. The Southern High Plains have even more variability, but the upper Midwest and Southwest vary most and have the highest precipitation amounts. Pollen and lake level data from the literature suggest that the Southwest was wetter during at least part of the last glacial maximum than it is today.

This report describes studies pertaining to long-term risks from the disposal of high-level nuclear waste in deep mined cavities. The results presented supplement peviously reported work. Previously studied scenarios are examined in greater depth, and the analysis is extended to deal with alternative fuel cycles.

The microcomputer revolution in electronics is spreading so rapidly that it is difficult to educate enough people quickly and thoroughly in the new technology. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory's MST-80B was developed as a way to speed learning in in-house training courses, and it is now being widely used outside LLL. The MST-80B trainer is a complete, self-contained microcomputer system housed in a briefcase. The trainer uses the Intel 8080A 8-bit microprocessor (CPU), and it has its own solid-state memory, a built-in keyboard, and a display for input/output. The trainer is furnished with a permanent Monitor program (in read-only memory) that allows users to enter, debug, modify, and run programs of their own easily. 8 figures.

An earlier progress report of December 1978 that was devoted to developing a theory describing the mechanical interaction between the conductor and the insulation is updated. Raw test data was included to indicate the progress made with various tests. It is shown for the first time how this theory is to be combined with some rather sophisticated experimental procedures to describe the detailed internal mechanical response to applied load. It is shown, for example, how compressive and torsional forces give rise to changing tape tensions in the insulation making the gross moduli function of the composite properties of the insulation and the conductor. More importantly, as the Pirelli group has pointed out, overly large tape tensions obviate intratape slip and lead directly to cable failure. This implies that the results showing significant increase in tape tensions under TMB can have an important impact in underground laminar pipe type power cable designs.

This program consists of a design study and component development for an experimental 50-kWp photovoltaic concentrator system to supply power to the San Ramon substation of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The photovoltaic system is optimized to produce peaking power to relieve the air conditioning load on the PG and E system during summer afternoons; and would therefore displace oil-fired power generation capacity. No electrical storage is required. The experiment would use GaAs concentrator cells with point-focus fresnel lenses operating at 400X, in independent tracking arrays of 440 cells each, generating 3.8 kWp. Fourteen arrays, each 9 feet by 33 feet, are connected electrically in series to generate the 50 kWp. The high conversion efficiency possible with GaAs concentrator cells results in a projected annual average system efficiency (AC electric power output to sunlight input) of better than 15%. The capability of GaAs cells for high temperature operation made possible the design of a total energy option, whereby thermal power from selected arrays could be used to heat and cool the control center for the installation. System design and analysis, fabrication and installation, environmental assessment, and cost projections are described in detail. (WHK)

Thermal and hydraulic analyses of the System 81 Type I and II cold traps were completed except for thermal transients analysis. Results are evaluated, discussed, and reported. Analytical models were developed to determine the physical dimensions of the cold traps and to predict the performance. The FFTF cold trap crystallizer performances were simulated using the thermal model. This simulation shows that the analytical model developed predicts reasonably conservative temperatures. Pressure drop and sodium residence time calculations indicate that the present design will meet the requirements specified in the E-Specification. Steady state temperature data for the critical regions were generated to assess the magnitude of the thermal stress.

Lawrence Livermore Laboratory has improved tritium-handling systems to prevent significant releases of tritium to the environment. Two methods of lowering the costs of such systems have been found: maintaining design flexibility and combining the best features of single- and double-containment designs.

An analytic technique is developed to compare the structural and environmental performance of various materials considered for backing of second surface glass solar mirrors. Metals, ceramics, dense molded plastics, foamed plastics, forest products and plastic laminates are surveyed. Cellular glass is determined to be a prime candidate due to its low cost, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, thermal expansion match to mirror glass, evident minimal environmental impact and chemical and dimensional stability under conditions of use. While applications could employ this material as a foam core or compressive member of a composite material system, the present analysis addresses the bulk material only, allowing a basis for simple extrapolations. The current state of the art and anticipated developments in cellular glass technology are discussed. Material properties are correlated to design requirements using a Weibull weakest link statistical method appropriate for describing the behavior of such brittle materials. A mathematical model is presented which suggests a design approach which allows minimization of life cycle cost; given adequate information for a specific aplication, this would permit high confidence estimates of the cost/performance factor. A mechanical and environmental testing program is outlined, designed to providea material property basis for development of cellular glass hardware, together with …

Core sampling, hydrocarbon gas contents, chemical and physical characterization data are presented. Core samples from these two Illinois basin wells were obtained in July and August 1977. Thirty-one and twenty-three samples were obtained from N-1 and N-2 wells, respectively, amounting to total core length of 940 feet. Shales from Illinois basin wells (such as N-1 and N-2) are characterized by very low hydrocarbon gas contents. In fact, the N-1 and N-2 wells exhibited the lowest hydrocarbon gas contents among all the wells thus far analyzed. The chemical analysis of these shales also indicates rather low carbon and hydrogen contents, supporting the hydrocarbon gas release data. One significant aspect of the physical characterization data is high porosity associated with low bulk densities. N-1 and N-2 shales exhibit the highest pore volume of any shales from either basin (Appliachian and Illinois). Lithology of these shales does not significantly differ from those of other locations. These shales exhibit relatively low carbonates.

Several applications of stochasticity theory to particle motion in quiescent mirror machines are discussed. We briefly review the problem of magnetic moment jumps in a conventional mirror machine, and point out the role of stochasticity in extending the mirror loss cone. We consider magnetic moment jumps in a flat-bottomed magnetic well, such as the solenoid of a tandem mirror machine, and find that, for suitable choices of field parameters, the magnetic moment change per bounce passes through zero at certain values of energy or pitch angle. This system can be modelled by a simple, asymmetric, two-step map; numerical and analytic studies of the map indicate that phase space can contain stochastic layers, separated by nonstochastic layers that serve as barriers for diffusion. We study the motion of guiding centers in a nonaxisymmetric tandem mirror solenoid and show that ions in the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Tandem Mirror Experiment (TMX) might be stochastic.

Results are presented on the design and testing of a pressurized gas blown spark gap switch capable of high repetition rates in a burst mode of operation. The switch parameters which have been achieved are as follows: 220-kV, 42-kA, a five pulse burst at 1-kHz, 12-ns risetime, 2-ns jitter at a pulse width of 50-ns.