This report discusses the provisions of the 1996 farm bill, which was due to expire in 2002 but was extended (P.L. 107-171) for an additional 6 years on May 13, 2002.

During the RHIC Au-run in 2001 the 200 MHz storage cavity system was used for the first time. The rebucketing procedure caused significant beam debunching in addition to amplifying debunching due to other mechanisms. At the end of a four hour store, debunched beam could account for approximately 30%-40% of the total beam intensity. Some of it will be in the abort gap. In order to minimize the risk of magnet quenching due to uncontrolled beam losses at the time of a beam dump, a combination of a fast transverse kicker and copper collimators were used to clean the abort gap. This report gives an overview of the gap cleaning procedure and the achieved performance.

The most demanding requirement in the design of the SNS accelerator chain is to keep the accelerator complex under hands-on maintenance. This requirement implies a hard limit for residual radiation below 100 mrem/hr at one feet from the vacuum pipe and four hours after shutdown for hundred days of normal operation. It has been shown by measurements as well as simulation [l] that this limit corresponds to 1-2 Watts/meter average beam losses. This loss level is achievable all around the machine except in specific areas where remote handling will be necessary. These areas have been identified and correspond to collimation sections and dumps where a larger amount of controlled beam loss is foreseen. Even if the average level of loss is kept under 1 W/m, there are circumstances under which transient losses occur in the machine. The prompt radiation or potential damage in the accelerator components can not be deduced from an average beam loss of 1 W/m. At the same time, controlled loss areas require a dedicated study to clarify the magnitude and distribution of the beam loss. From the front end to the target, we have estimated the most probable locations for transient losses and given an estimate …

The SNS Ring off-line parallel simulation environment based on the Unified Accelerator Libraries (UAL) has been implemented and used for extensive full-scale beam dynamics studies arising in high-intensity rings. The paper describes the structure of this environment and its application to the development and analysis of the SNS accumulator ring beam loss model including a complex combination of several physical effects.

Accelerator target/beam stop concepts able to withstand the thermal shock induced by intense, undiluted beams are being assessed in this study. Such conditions normally push target materials beyond their limits leading to limited useful life. A number of ingenious options have been attempted to help reduce the level of stress generated. Attention is paid to a very promising option that calls for a target consisting of a cooled particle bed. In such configuration the ability of the particle bed structure to diffuse and attenuate the generated thermal shock waves is being explored by performing comprehensive dynamic analyses that incorporate anticipated energy depositions, thermal diffusion, and wave propagation and attenuation. Further, options of coolant liquid filling the porous structure of the particle bed, including concerns of pressure drop and heat transfer, are evaluated for maximizing particle yield.

Monthly newsletter discussing news and activities related to the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, articles about weather and atmospheric phenomena, and other related topics.

In advanced coal-fired power generation, one technology under development to clean up hot gases before their use as fuel for gas turbines is rigid ceramic candle filters. These porous filters are typically 1.5 m long and 60 mm in diameter and are made of various ceramic materials, including clay-bonded SiC. The high costs of downtime in a large utility demands that nondestructive evaluation/characterization (NDE/C) methods be available. At shutdowns, data from such analysis are needed to decide which filters are still usable and which need to be replaced, and if possible, to estimate the remaining lifetimes. Thus our objective was to develop reliable low-cost NDE technology for these filters. Our approach was to develop NDE/C technology, referred to as acousto-ultrasonics (AU), for application to hot gas filters. Lamb waves generated by the AU method were analyzed to derive a stress wave factor (SWF). This technology was tested by comparing SWF data with the measured strength for a variety of rigid ceramic filters and was shown to work on iron-aluminide filters as well but no strength data have been obtained on the iron-aluminides at this time.

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The Rapid Cycling Medical Synchrotron (RCMS) accelerator is under conceptual design at BNL. We report the results of the beam dynamics studies in the current design RCMS ring lattice with simulation program ORBIT++. In this paper, the designed RCMS ring lattice, the important physical parameters and the simulation program employed in this study are overviewed. The major elements and the numerical parameters included in the simulations are listed and discussed. The evolution of longitudinal beam properties, such as bunch length, bunch height and particle distributions, under RF voltage ramping are studied. The simulation results of the 6D beam dynamics during acceleration including phase space and emittance evolution are presented. Finally, the space charge effects such as tune shift and emittance growth in the RCMS ring are investigated and discussed.

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One of the primary tasks in the design of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) ring is to control collective effects including space charge, transverse and longitudinal instabilities, and electron cloud. Transverse painting is used to alleviate space charge force; longitudinal painting along with chromatic sextupoles are used to enhance Landau damping; injection kicker vacuum pipes are carefully shielded, and extraction kicker impedances are measured in detail and optimized; beam halo, beam loss and electron production are minimized; finally, damping systems at various frequencies are planned. This paper summarizes these design implementations.

This paper summarizes the design of the HBBT clean-up system consisting of a combination of charge exchange foils and absorbers. Pairs of foils moving in-and-out of the beam in both planes help guide the halo protons into respective absorbers that feature a double wall beam-tube, a water-cooled particle bed responsible and heavy radial shielding. Off-momentum protons are directed to a momentum dump via similar charge exchange foils and in combination with a dipole magnet. The paper addresses the survivability of the double beam tube in the absorber and the special window in the momentum dump that intercept halo protons over a relatively small footprint under normal operating conditions and potentially full beam under accident conditions.

Laboratory work was conducted at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Plutonium Process Support Laboratory of the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) to study flowsheet conditions to selectively precipitate plutonium oxalate from uranium-bearing Critical Mass Laboratory (CML) solutions in the PFP precipitation apparatus and to dry and calcine the resulting filtercake to generate a stable plutonium oxide bearing powder (as judged by loss-on-ignition measurements) in the ambient humidity of the remote mechanical C (RMC) line in the PFP. Based on these studies with simulated and genuine CML solutions and various constituent materials, process conditions were recommended to the PFP under which the product powders can reasonably be expected to pass the DOE-STD-3013 moisture criterion when packaged in the RMC line at relative humidity up to 80%.

The Statistical Consulting Section (SCS) of the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) was asked to develop a decision support system (DSS) to aid in the planning of the process to characterize the heel of Tank 19. This characterization is to be based on samples of the tank heel, and the DSS is to be used to help determine the number of samples that might be needed to provide a meaningful characterization based upon assumptions for relevant variations and volumes. The objective of this report is to describe the framework used to develop the DSS and to document its calculations. The DSS was developed as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Detailed input and output for two test cases are provided in the appendix as part of the documentation of this spreadsheet.

The intent of this document is to provide an evaluation to determine if the discovered condition (apparent inconsistency between the Saltstone Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) and the Saltstone PA) is within the assumptions, parameters, and bases of the approved PA and CA. If it is, then this document serves as the technical basis for authorizing the condition. If not, then, in order to authorize the activity, the PA and CA would need to be updated as appropriate and DOE approval sought of the update (special analysis or revision of the PA or CA).

Using FFAGS for the arcs of recirculating accelerators has the potential to achieve significant cost savings over a multiple-arc design. However, no FFAG arc will have the same path length over its entire energy range. This leads to problems with synchronizing high-frequency RF with the beam on each pass. It has been demonstrated [1] that in fact a reference particle can be accelerated in such a system for an arbitrary number of turns, although the amount of linac required for a given energy gain never falls below a certain nonzero value for a larger number of turns. Here we examine that system in more generality, and begin to address longitudinal phase space acceptance.

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In the 108th Congress, debate over energy efficiency programs has focused on budget, oil, natural gas, and electricity issues, and provisions in the omnibus energy policy bill, S. 2095, H.R. 6, and S. 14/S. 1149. The Bush Administration’s FY2005 budget request for the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Energy Efficiency Program sought $875.9 million, including $543.9 for R&D and $332.0 million for grants. In the first session, the omnibus energy bill (H.R. 6) had several significant tax and regulatory measures for energy efficiency. It did not pass the Senate due to concerns about cost and an MTBE “safe harbor” provision.

A proposal for an experiment to detect and measure with an array infrared detector either the infrared radiation from the beam-beam coherent bremsstrahlung or from the synchrotron light from the edge effect of large DX RHIC magnet is described. Predictions for the 100 GeV/nucleon gold and 250 GeV proton signals from both bremsstrahlung and synchtrotron radiation magnet edge effect are shown.

The highest possible intensity in the machine is typically determined by the onset of coherent beam instabilities. Understanding the contribution of various effects to the damping and growth of such instabilities in the regime of strong space charge is thus of crucial importance. In this paper we explore transverse beam stability by numerical simulations using recently implemented models of transverse impedance and three-dimensional space charge. Results are discussed with application to the SNS accumulators.

Proton therapy is a treatment modality of increasing utility in clinical radiation oncology mostly because its dose distribution conforms more tightly to the target volume than x-ray radiation therapy. One important feature of proton therapy is that it produces a small amount of positron-emitting isotopes along the beam-path through the non-elastic nuclear interaction of protons with target nuclei such as {sup 12}C, {sup 14}N, and {sup 16}O. These radioisotopes, mainly {sup 11}C, {sup 13}N and {sup 15}O, allow imaging the therapy dose distribution using positron emission tomography (PET). The resulting PET images provide a powerful tool for quality assurance of the treatment, especially when treating inhomogeneous organs such as the lungs or the head-and-neck, where the calculation of the dose distribution for treatment planning is more difficult. This paper uses Monte Carlo simulations to predict the yield of positron emitters produced by a 250 MeV proton beam, and to simulate the productions of the image in a clinical PET scanner.

This grant was proposed to be supplemental funding for a conference which would be documented by publication of conference information in the AWM Newsletter, and then inclusion of the Proceedings and other information generated in a book. The conference was held and documented in the AWM Newsletter (Vol. 29, No. 6; Vol. 30, No. 1 (attached)). Work is in progress on the extensive and complicated related publication which involves 50 authors beyond those from the conference. The Celebration was held at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley, Calif. It was attended by over 100 women and men mathematicians. Plenary talks, panels, and poster sessions were held.

We study the influence of space charge on the crossing of the second-order resonance and the associated space-charge limit in high-intensity rings. Two-dimensional simulation studies are compared and found to agree with the envelope models in the finding of an increased intensity limit due to the coherent frequency shift. We also discuss application of this effect to bunched beams and multi-turn injection painting, and the effect of high-order resonances and issues of the envelope instability.

A high level RF system (HLRF) consisting of power amplifiers (PA's) and ferrite loaded cavities is being designed and built by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project. It is a fixed frequency, two harmonic system whose main function is to maintain a gap for the kicker rise time. Three cavities running at the fundamental harmonic (h=l) will provide 40 kV and one cavity at the second harmonic (h=2) will provide 20 kV. Each cavity has two gaps with a design voltage of 10 kV per gap and will be driven by a power amplifier (PA) directly adjacent to it. The PA uses a 600kW tetrode to provide the necessary drive current. The anode of the tetrode is magnetically coupled to the downstream cell of the cavity. Drive to the PA will be provided by a wide band, solid state amplifier located remotely. A dynamic tuning scheme will be implemented to help compensate for the effect of beam loading.