Eleven 17 m long, 40 mm aperture SSC R D superconducting collider dipole magnets, built at BNL, have been extensively tested at BNL and Fermilab during 1990--91. Quench performance of these magnets and details of their mechanical behavior are presented. 7 refs., 5 figs.

The required approvals and permits to test a nuclear facility are extensive. Numerous regulatory requirements result in the preparation of documentation to support the approval process. The principal regulations for the SP-100 Ground Engineering System (GES) include the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act, and Atomic Energy Act. The documentation prepared for the SP-100 Nuclear Assembly Test (NAT) included an Environmental Assessment, state permit applications, and Safety Analysis Reports. This paper discusses the regulation documentation requirements and the SP-100 NAT Test Site experience. 12 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

We report on some studies we have made of the time evolution of the corrosion behavior of ion implanted samples of pure iron, medium carbon steel, and 18-8 Cr-Ni stainless steel. Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo and Yb were implanted at mean ion energies near 100 keV and at doses up to 1 {times} 10{sup 17} cm{sup {minus}2} using a Mevva metal ion implantation facility. A novel feature of this experiment was the simultaneous implantation with several different implanted species. The implanted samples were immersed in sulfuric acid solution at 40{degrees}C and the corrosion monitored as a function of time. The loss in mass was accurately measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The functional dependence of the corrosion behavior was established for all samples. The cumulative mass loss Q is given as a function of time t by Q = At{sup N}, where A and N are parameters; thus the corrosion rate V is given by V = ANt{sup N-1}. A is dominated by the initial mass loss and N reflects the long-time corrosion behavior. The values of the parameters A and N were obtained by a least-squares regression for all the samples investigated. We determined that for the samples investigated …

A family of nuclear driven engines is described in which nuclear energy released by fissioning of uranium or plutonium in a prompt critical assembly is used to heat a working gas. Engine performance is modeled using a code that calculates hydrodynamics, fission energy production, and neutron transport self-consistently. Results are given demonstrating a large negative temperature coefficient that produces self-shutoff of energy production. Reduced fission product inventory and the self-shutoff provide inherent nuclear safety. It is expected that nuclear engine reactor units could be scaled from 100 MW on up. 7 refs., 3 figs.

Now that first-principles calculations of ordering transformations are becoming increasingly accurate, the deficiencies of earlier mean field methods are becoming increasingly apparent. New techniques, based on cluster expansions, are now alleviating many of the earlier problems and are producing very satisfactory results. These ideas will be illustrated for the case of oxygen ordering in the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub z} superconducting compound, for which a very simple two-dimensional Ising model has been developed. The model features nearest-neighbor repulsive effective pair interactions and anisotropic (attractive/repulsive) next-nearest-neighbor interactions. CVM (cluster variation method) calculations based on this model have produced a phase diagram in remarkable agreement with experimentally determined phase boundaries. Monte Carlo simulations have confirmed the validity of the model and have provided a rationalization for the influence of oxygen order on the value of {Tc} (superconducting transition temperature) in off-stoichiometric compounds. 46 refs., 4 figs.

A unique benchmark neutron field has been established at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to study deep penetration neutron transport. At LLNL, a tandem accelerator is used to generate a monoenergetic neutron source that permits investigation of deep neutron penetration under conditions that are virtually ideal to model, namely the transport of mono-energetic neutrons through a single material in a simple geometry. General features of the Lawrence Tandem (LATAN) benchmark field are described with emphasis on neutron source characteristics and room return background. The single material chosen for the first benchmark, LATAN-1, is a steel representative of Light Water Reactor (LWR) Pressure Vessels (PV). Also included is a brief description of the Little Boy replica, a critical reactor assembly designed to mimic the radiation doses from the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, and its us in neutron spectrometry. 18 refs.

We present here preliminary results of an extension of our already published search for the top quark. The search is based on a data sample collected during the 1988--1989 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 pb {sup {minus}1}. We find no evidence for top quark production and we establish preliminary limits on the t-tbar production cross section as a function of the top mass (M{sub top}) in p-pbar collisions at {radical}s = 1.8 TeV. Using theoretical expectations for this cross-section, we translate these limits into a preliminary lower limit for M{sub top} of 89 Gev/c{sup 2} at the 95% confidence level. 12 refs., 3 figs. (CL)

Rayleigh-Fano theory has been extended for the purpose of calculating the polarization anomaly of a grating having shallow grooves and finite conductivity. Simple analytic formulas are derived for predicting the position and the appearance of the anomalies. Phenomenological explanations are given to the origin of the anomalies. The validity of our analysis is examined by comparing computed degree of polarization with experimental data obtained in the visible region for Al-, Ag-, and Au-coated blazed gratings.

CP Violation remains one of the unsolved puzzles in particle physics. Measurements of CP violating asymmetries in {beta} meson decay will test the Standard Model of electro-weak interactions and tell whether this phenomenon can be explained simply through the non-zero angles and phase in the CKM matrix. A high luminosity, energy asymmetric e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} storage ring provides the most versatile and best opportunity to measure CP violating effects and to test the consistency of the Standard Model, and should discrepancies occur, information will be available to establish the origin of CP violation outside the model. Such a machine is a very challenging, though technically achievable device, that when complemented with a suitable detector will represent a very exiting laboratory for studies of many aspects of beauty, charm, and {tau}{sup +-} physics in the coming decade. 26 refs., 11 figs., 5 tabs.

The need to provide central support an distribution of many software packages across a variety of UNIX platforms at Fermilab has led to development of a methodology, UPS, for the packaging, maintenance, and distribution of our software. UPS has now been implemented and in use for almost a year on four different UNIX platforms. This paper discusses the goals of the software, implementation of the product, and experiences in its use. 8 refs., 3 figs.

A major section of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) focuses on reducing air pollution through extending and modifying the provisions for states and localities with US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-designated non-attainment areas. Specifically, Title 1 of the CAAA is concerned with non-attainment areas, as defined relative to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for atmospheric ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter; Title 2 is concerned with mobile sources or air pollution, which produce carbon monoxide, contribute to ozone concentrations, and in the past have been a major source of airborne lead; and Title 4 is concerned with acid deposition, mainly due to sulfur dioxide emissions. This paper has its origin in the question of the potential benefits for minorities--relative to the majority non-Black, non-Hispanic population--of reductions in air pollution that may result from these amendments. It is part of a larger effort to identify and assess the costs and benefits of the CAAA for minorities, relative to the majority population. The focus of this paper centers on comparing Black and Hispanic populations to White, non-Hispanic populations living in EPA-designated non-attainment area counties in the contiguous United States, which excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Subsequent comparisons of majority populations with Native …

This article summarizes our current understanding of hydrodynamic instabilities as relevant to ICF. First we discuss classical, single mode Rayleigh-Taylor instability, and nonlinear effects in the evolution of a single mode. Then we discuss multimode systems, considering: (1) the onset of nonlinearity; (2) a second order mode coupling theory for weakly nonlinear effects, and (3) the fully nonlinear regime. Two stabilization mechanisms relevant to ICF are described next: gradient scale length and convective stabilization. Then we describe a model which is meant to estimate the weakly nonlinear evolution of multi-mode systems as relevant to ICF, given the short-wavelength stabilization. Finally, we discuss the relevant code simulation capability, and experiments. At this time we are quite optimistic about our ability to estimate instability growth on ICF capsules, but further experiments and simulations are needed to verify the modeling. 52 refs.

We have performed molecular dynamics computer simulation studies of displacement cascades in Cu at low temperature. For 25 keV recoils we observe the splitting of a cascade into subcascades and show that cascades in Cu may lead to the formation of vacancy and interstitial dislocation loops. We discuss a new mechanism of defect production based on the observation of interstitial prismatic dislocation loop punching from cascades at 10 K. We also show that below the subcascade threshold, atomic mixing in the cascade is recoil-energy dependent and obtain a mixing efficiency that scales as the square root of the primary recoil energy. 44 refs., 12 figs.

Previous studies indicate that the work hardening characteristics of a Vintage III 2090-T81 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) plate is highly dependent on the through-thickness position. This dependency has been linked to two distinctly different microstructures existing as laminates within the plate. An investigation of the two microstructures by both optical and transmission electron microscopy reveal a difference in the distribution of grains and subgrains. It is believed that these factors affect the work hardening characteristics by governing the manner in which slip is transmitted from grain to grain. The findings are positive as they suggest a practical means by which improvements in work hardening can be obtained through modifications of the microstructure at the polygranular level. 24 refs., 7 figs.

This paper discusses the issues surrounding the comparison and selection of a programming language to be used in high energy physics software applications. The evaluation method used was specifically devised to address the issues of particular importance to high energy physics (HEP) applications, not just the technical features of the languages considered. The method assumes a knowledge of the requirements of current HEP applications, the data-processing environments expected to support these applications and relevant non-technical issues. The languages evaluated were Ada, C, FORTRAN 77, FORTRAN 99 (formerly 8X), Pascal and PL/1. Particular emphasis is placed upon the past, present and anticipated future role of FORTRAN in HEP software applications. Upon examination of the technical and practical issues, conclusions are reached and some recommendations are made regarding the role of FORTRAN and other programming languages in the current and future development of HEP software. 54 refs.

I am pleased to speak at the Fortieth Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry. I served as Chairman of the first Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry held June 23--27, 1952, at New Hampton, New Hampshire. In my remarks, during which I shall quote from my journal, I shall describe some of the background leading up to the first Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry and my attendance at the first seven Gordon Conferences during the period 1952 through 1958. I shall also quote my description of my appearance as the featured speaker at the Silver Anniversary of the Gordon Research Conferences on December 27, 1956 held at the Commodore Hotel in New York City. I shall begin with reference to my participation in the predecessor to the Gordon Conferences, the Gibson Island Research Conferences 45 years ago, on Thursday, June 20, 1946, as a speaker. This was 15 years after the start of these conferences in 1931. Neil Gordon played a leading role in these conferences, which were named (in 1948) in his honor -- the Gordon Research Conferences -- soon after they were moved to Colby Junior College, New London, New Hampshire in 1947. W. George Parks became Director in 1947, …

Laser-plasma instability experiments for laser fusion have followed three developments. These are advances in the technology and design of experiments, advances in diagnostics, and evolution of the design of high-gain targets. This paper traces the history of these three topics and discusses their present state. Today one is substantially able to produce controlled plasma conditions and to diagnose specific instabilities within such plasmas. Experiments today address issues that will matter for future laser facilities. Such facilities will irradiate targets with {approx}1 MJ of visible or UV light pulses that are tens of nanoseconds in duration, very likely with a high degree of spatial and temporal incoherence. 58 refs., 4 figs.

In the past few years, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) design has become important at Fermilab. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the in-house ASIC design activity which has taken place. This design effort has added much value to the high energy physics program and physics capability at Fermilab. The two approaches to ASIC development being pursued at Fermilab are examined by looking at some of the types of projects where ASICs are being used or contemplated. To help estimate the cost of future designs, a cost comparison is given to show the relative development and production expenses for these two ASIC approaches. 5 refs., 14 figs., 7 tabs.

The effect of multi-element ion implantation on the corrosion resistance to acid solution has been studied for stainless steel, medium carbon steel, pure iron, and chromium-deposited iron. The implanted elements were Cu, Mo, Cr, Ni, Yb and Ti at doses of each species of from 5 {times} 10{sup 15} to 1 {times} 10{sup 17} cm{sup {minus}2} and at ion energies of up to 100 keV. The stainless steel used was 18-8 Cr-Ni, and the medium carbon steel was 0.45% C. The implanted samples were soaked in dilute sulfuric acid solution for periods up to 48 hours and the weight loss measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The kinetic parameter values describing the weight loss as a function of time were determined for all samples. In this paper we summarize the corrosion resistance behavior for the various different combinations of implanted species, doses, and substrates. The influence of the composition and structure of the modified surface layer is discussed.8 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.

Constraints on the theoretical interpretation of the 17 keV neutrino are reviewed. A simple understanding of the 17 keV neutrino is provided by flavon models, which involve the spontaneous breaking of Abelian lepton symmetries and have only the usual three light neutrino species. Signatures for this class of models include neutrino oscillations, tau decay to an electron and a flavon, and invisible decay modes of the Higgs boson to two flavons.

In this series of lectures, several experimental and observational tests of the standard cosmological model are examined. In particular, detailed discussion is presented regarding nucleosynthesis, the light element abundances and neutrino counting; the dark matter problems; and the formation of galaxies and large-scale structure. Comments will also be made on the possible implications of the recent solar neutrino experimental results for cosmology. An appendix briefly discusses the 17 keV thing'' and the cosmological and astrophysical constraints on it. 126 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

We present an interpretation of recent experimental results on nucleon-anti-nucleon annihilation reactions of the type N{bar N} {yields} {pi}X, which have yielded evidence for a new tensor meson AX (here called X{sub 2}) with J{pi}{sup C}(I{sup G}) = 2{sup ++}(0{sup +}). The branching ratios for producing X{sub 2} from N{bar N} atomic states of orbital angular momentum L = 0,1, as well as its preference for decay into {rho}{rho} and {pi}{pi} rather than K{bar K} channels, are consistent with the identifications of X{sub 2} as a {sup 13}P{sub 2}{minus}{sup 13}F{sub 2} bound state of the N{bar N} potential. We suggest further key test of this interpretation. 21 refs.

Doping studies are presented on three materials exhibiting hybridization gaps: Ce{sub 3}Bi{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, U{sub 3}Sb{sub 4}Pt{sub 3}, and CeRhSb. In the case of trivalent La, Y, or Lu substituting for Ce or U, there is a suppression of the low temperature gap and an increase in the electronic specific heat, {gamma}. In the case of tetravalent Th substitutions for U there is no change in {gamma} and in the case of tetravalent Zr substitution for Ce in CeRhSb, there is an enhanced semiconductor-like behavior in the electrical resistance. These results are discussed in the light of a simple model of hybridization gapped systems. 12 refs., 3 figs.

Multifragment events are shown to be associated with specific sources characterized by their mass and excitation energy through the incomplete fusion model. Excitation functions for the different multifragment decay channels are found to be almost independent of the systems and the incident energy. Preliminary comparisons of the data with dynamical calculations followed by statistical decay calculations are discussed. 14 refs., 8 figs.