The overall configuration of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) including the infrastructure and land boundary requirements were developed using a computer-aided design (CAD) system. The evolution of the facility layout requirements and the use of the CAD system are discussed. The emphasis has been on minimizing the amount of input required and maximizing the speed by which the output may be obtained. The computer system used to store the data is also described.

The objective of these studies was to perform a realistic evaluation of the relative costs of tublar-fixed-bed and slurry reactors for methanol, mixed alcohols and Fischer-Tropsch syntheses under conditions where they would realistically be expected to operate. The slurry Fischer-Tropsch reactor was, therefore, operated at low H{sub 2}/CO ratio on gas directly from a Shell gasifier. The fixed-bed reactor was operated on 2.0 H{sub 2}/CO ratio gas after adjustment by shift and CO{sub 2} removal. Every attempt was made to give each reactor the benefit of its optimum design condition and correlations were developed to extend the models beyond the range of the experimental pilot plant data. For the methanol design, comparisons were made for a recycle plant with high methanol yield, this being the standard design condition. It is recognized that this is not necessarily the optimum application for the slurry reactor, which is being proposed for a once-through operation, coproducing methanol and power. Consideration is also given to the applicability of the slurry reactor to mixed alcohols, based on conditions provided by Lurgi for an Octamix{trademark} plant using their standard tubular-fixed reactor technology. 7 figs., 26 tabs.

This index is a list of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Papers that are reprinted in the ASME Transactions series of journals. ASME Papers are often cited only by their paper number, making it difficult to determine if the article has ever appeared in print in the journal literature. This index will be useful for tracking down those papers published as journal articles by the ASME. It will also serve as a guide for retention for subscribers to the ASME Papers and Transaction Series. Paper numbers that appear in the journals may be weeded from the collection of ASME Papers.

The process of soil vitrification has been developed to contain the hazardous wastes buried underground. This is achieved by melting the soil using electrical resistance heating and allowing it to solidify into a vitreous, or glassy solid. As a consequence of this treatment, the hazardous wastes are held in the vitrified soil so that its harmful effect on the environment is reduced. A preliminary numerical study of soil melting is performed. The aim is to use a simplified mathematical model to simulate the soil temperature and the melting rate. Based on experimental data, the soil temperature reaches a maximum of about 2000{degrees}C and the melting rate is about 2--3 cm per hour. We consider a representative vitrification process taking 60 hours and obtain results that agree well with experimental data. 3 refs., 7 figs.

The methods of excavation and support selected for the LEP works are discussed in this paper. The excavation of the halls and chambers in discrete passes, from the roof down, and their temporary support by patterned fully bonded rock bolts and shotcrete ensured that mass deformations were contained. When working in soft rock materials where discontinuity, elastic and possibly plastic deformations may each play an important role in the overall rock structure stability, it is of paramount importance to systematically monitor the behavior of the rock in-situ. The use of instrumentation to indicate location, direction, levels, and rate of movement is essential to ensure that a safe, efficient and economical mining operation can be undertaken, and that any remedial action will be taken at the appropriate time. The use of the New Austrian Tunneling support mechanisms allowed the engineer greater flexibility in handling local reinforcement of the rock structure if superficial or relatively deep-seated instability was encountered. However, in the case where second linings are to be accommodated and flexible support mechanisms used, care should be taken to foresee over-excavation in weaker zones to allow for larger displacements prior to the attainment of confinement-convergence equilibria. 4 refs., 7 figs.

An infrared free electron laser (IRFEL) is being designed for the Chemical Dynamics Research Laboratory (CDRL) at LBL. The FEL is based on a 50 MeV RF linac operating in synchronization to the Advanced Light Source (ALS), and will produce intense (100 {mu}J per micropulse), narrow bandwidth (narrower than 0.1%) radiation between 3 {mu} and 50 {mu}. In the design, we pay particular attention to the FEL stability issues and require that the fluctuations in electron beam energy and in timing be less than 0.05% and 0.1 ps, respectively. The FEL spectrum can then be stabilized to about 10{sup {minus}3}, or if grating is used, to 10{sup {minus}4}. We discuss various sources of fluctuations in the gun, the bunchers and the accelerator sections, as well as the feedback and feedforward schemes to reduce these fluctuations. The accelerator structure is chosen to be of the side coupled, standing wave type for easier control. The beam transport is made isochronous to avoid the coupling between the energy and the timing fluctuations. 9 refs., 2 figs.

In the numerical simulation of plasma phenomena there are two fundamental approaches that are generally followed. In the continuum approach one models the evolution of the fluid moment equations derived from the appropriate Boltzmann equation of the plasma. Alternatively, in the particle approach a large group of simulated charged particles are moved according to the self-consistent electromagnetic fields which partly depend on the charge and current densities of these same particles. Although the particle simulation method has been traditionally the more expensive of the two, it is much more capable of giving adequate account of many important kinetic phenomena. With the advent of the vector multiprocessor supercomputers, such as the Cray-2 or Cray Y-MP, we have learned to adapt particle simulation codes to exploit the parallel features of these machines. Yet, in spite of such developments, the particle simulation codes have remained much slower than the maximum machine speeds. We have investigated new techniques that further optimize these methods to bring the speeds of these particle simulations into the gigaflop range. Recent progress in this area suggests that the use of particle simulation methods will become competitive with the alternative fluid models especially when it is realized that gigaflop performance …

This engineering evaluation/cost analysis (EE/CA) has been prepared in support of the proposed removal action for cleanup of radioactively contaminated concrete and soil beneath a building on privately owned commercial property in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The property, known as the Elza Gate site, became contaminated with uranium-238, radium-226, thorium-232, thorium-230, and decay products as a result of the Manhattan Engineer District storing uranium ore and ore processing residues at the site in the early 1940s. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has responsibility for cleanup of the property under its Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP). The DOE plans to remove the cracked and worn concrete pad and contaminated subsoil beneath the pad, after which the property owner/tenant will provide clean backfill and new concrete. Portions of the pad and subsoil are contaminated and, if stored or disposed of improperly, may represent a potential threat to public health or welfare and the environment. The EE/CA report is the appropriate documentation for the proposed removal action, as identified in guidance from the US Environmental Protection Agency. the objective of the EE/CA report, in addition to identifying the planned removal action, is to document the selection of response activities that will …

Savannah River Site has implemented a Peer Evaluator program for the assessment of certified Central Control Room Operators, Central Control Room Supervisors and Shift Technical Engineers prior to restart. This program is modeled after the nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) Examiner Standard, ES-601, for the requalification of licensed operators in the commercial utility industry. It has been tailored to reflect the unique differences between Savannah River production reactors and commercial power reactors.

This document contains the technical specifications and implementation details for the Product Evaluation Management Information System (PREMIS) Version 1.1.2. This document does not include the requirements analysis or design information and is not intended as a user's guide. The INGRES Applications-by-Forms (ABF) software development tool was used to specify and define the modules and screens which comprise the PREMIS application. Several external procedures are called by the ABF procedures; these have been written in VAX/VMS DCL (Digital Command Language) and SQL (Standard Query Language). These specifications together with the PREMIS information model and corresponding database definition constitute the PREMIS Version 1.1.2 technical specification and implementation description presented herein.

The DoD Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistics Support (CALS) Test Network (CTN) is conducting tests of the military standard for the Automated interchange of Technical Information, MIL-STD-1804A, and its companion suite of specifications. The CTN is a DoD sponsored confederation of voluntary participants from industry and government, managed by the Air Force Logistics Command. The primary purpose of the CTN is to evaluate the effectiveness of the CALS standards for technical data interchange and to demonstrate the capability and operational suitability of these standards. To this end, testing should represent the systems and applications in use by a large number of participants. Sampling a wide cross section of industry and government will gain feedback on the various interpretations of the standards and broaden the base of industry participation in the CALS initiative. This test was conducted to allow Formtek to demonstrate their ability to generated a MIL-R-28002 data file. The objective was to evaluate their interpretation of the MIL-R-28002 standard thereby assist the CTN in substantiating the validity of the standards or recommending changes to these standards and the references to national or international standards. Additionally, Quick Short Test Reports (QSTRs) are intended to promote industry and government participation in the …

In 1990, the Atmospheric and Geophysical Sciences Division begins its 17th year as a division. As the Division has grown over the years, its modeling capabilities have expanded to include a broad range of time and space scales ranging from hours to decades and from local to global. Our modeling is now reaching out from its atmospheric focus to treat linkages with the oceans and the land. In this report, we describe the Division's goal and organizational structure. We also provide tables and appendices describing the Division's budget, personnel, models, and publications. 2 figs., 1 tab.

This paper specifies the usage of structural bolts in terms of their design, selection and application, in accordance with the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Ninth Edition. Manual of Steel Construction.''

A series of five Liquefied Natural Gas Spills up to 66 m{sup 3} in volume were performed on water within a vapor barrier structure at Frenchman Flat on the Nevada Test Site as a part of a joint government/industry study. This data report presents a description of the tests, the test apparatus, the instrumentation, the meteorological conditions, and the data from the tests. 16 refs., 27 figs., 8 tabs.

Fermilab experiment 665 has taken deep-inelastic muon scattering data at a beam energy of 490 GeV/c, on H{sub 2}, D{sub 2} and Xe targets. Two triggers have been used: a large scattering-angle trigger (LAT), sensitive to a minimum scattering angle of 3 mrad, and a small scattering-angle trigger which can accept a scattering angle down to 0.5 mrad. The neutron to proton ratio is reported for x{sub bj} above 0.002, and it shows consistency with 1 as x{sub bj} goes to 0. The Xe to D{sub 3} cross-section ratio is reported for x{sub bj} above 0.001 and it shows evidence of shadowing. 5 refs., 5 figs.

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) funded two 4-year research projects to develop recommendations for improving the sport fishery on Dworshak Reservoir. Research began during 1987 as a cooperative effort between the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) and the Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho. The Nez Perce Tribe examined smallmouth bass and rainbow trout fisheries. The IDFG evaluated kokanee population dynamics and documented changes in reservoir productivity. 12 refs., 12 figs.

Because of the importance of earthquake safety for the citizens of California, and the potential devastating effects of future large earthquakes on the California economy, upper management at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) made a decision that LLNL should make available any unique laboratory resources to aid in post-earthquake studies. One area in which LLNL has attempted to help is in computer simulation of the performance of large scale transportation structures. The computer horsepower available at LLNL, coupled together with the in-house finite element software capabilities, results in a unique numerical simulation capability for large structures. The effort summarized in this report is one of a number of post-earthquake efforts at LLNL. The financial support for this project was provided by the LLNL Engineering Department. 9 refs., 26 figs.

A multi-channel diagnostic for measuring low amplitude, long wavelength (k{sub {perpendicular}{rho}i} < 0.5) density fluctuations along the outer half of the plasma has been installed on TFTR. It is based on observing fluctuations in the H{sub {alpha}} fluorescence of a neutral heating beam due to collisional excitation from the plasma and impurity ions. Both radial and poloidal correlation lengths as short as 2--3 cm can be determined, with the spatial resolution limited primarily by the width and geometry of the three neutral beam sources. Optical fibers transmit the light from a 20-cm diameter vacuum window, re-entrant mirror, and lens assembly to sixteen interference filter/photomultiplier combinations located outside the radiation area. Initially, the fibers comprise a fixed 55-channel radial array and readily movable 10-channel vertical arrays which can be positioned at 27 radial locations. The filters are designed to accept the Doppler-shifted H{sub {alpha}} emission from primary energy component of the neutral beam, and reject background lines and unshifted edge H{sub {alpha}}. The measurable fluctuation amplitude ( S/N = 1) is limited to 0.5% over a 100 kHz bandwidth by the photon noise associated with the DC level of the beam emission. The contribution of impurities to the total beam fluorescence …

Isgur and Wise have found that the formal limit M{sub b}, M{sub c} {yields} {infinity} leads to very great simplification in the general structure of the electroweak matrix elements of hadrons containing those quarks. In additions, interesting new symmetries appear in this limit. Their results are discussed, as well as some natural extensions to matrix elements of products of currents. 11 refs.

First measurements from the E665 experiment at Fermilab on the relative cross-sections of 490 GeV/c muons scattered from deuterium and xenon targets are presented. The scattered muons were in the kinetic range Q{sup 2} > 0.1(GeV/c){sup 2} and very low x{sub Bj} (0.001 < x{sub Bj} < 0.1). Triggering on events in this kinematic region was accomplished with a special Small Angle Trigger which projected individual beam muons to form a veto region 30 meters from the target. Using this trigger, muons with scattered angles as small as 0.5 milliradians were detected. 8 refs., 6 figs.

We describe WARP, a new particle-in-cell code being developed and optimized for ion beam studies in true geometry. We seek to model transport around bends, axial compression with strong focusing, multiple beamlet interaction, and other inherently 3d processes that affect emittance growth. Constraints imposed by memory and running time are severe. Thus, we employ only two 3d field arrays ({rho} and {phi}), and difference {phi} directly on each particle to get E, rather than interpolating E from three meshes; use of a single 3d array is feasible. A new method for PIC simulation of bent beams follows the beam particles in a family of rotated laboratory frames, thus straightening'' the bends. We are also incorporating an envelope calculation, an (r, z) model, and 1d (axial) model within WARP. The BASIS development and run-time system is used, providing a powerful interactive environment in which the user has access to all variables in the code database. 10 refs., 3 figs.

This impact evaluation of an energy conservation measure (ECM) that was recently installed at Bellingham Cold Storage (BCS) was conducted for the Bonneville Power Administration (Bonneville) as part of an evaluation of its Energy Savings Plan (ESP) Program. The Program awards cash incentives to firms that install energy conservation measures in their industrial processes. The objective of this impact evaluation was to assess how much electrical energy is being saved at BCS as a result of the ESP and to determine how much savings cost Bonneville and the region. The impact of the ECM was evaluated with a combination of engineering analysis, financial analysis, interviews, submittal reviews (BCS&#x27;s Completion Report, Proposal, and Abstract), and process evaluation reviews. The ECM itself consists of an energy management and control system that is used to manage energy consumption by a large refrigeration system at BCS&#x27;s Orchard Drive facility in Bellingham, Washington. At this facility, BCS freezes and stores fruits, berries, and fish products, while two tenants process frozen fish products. Energy savings resulting from this ECM are expected to be at least 1,094, 402 kWh during the first year (a savings of 23%) with greater savings in subsequent years. The ECM cost BCS …

This annual report covers the last year of a three-year project supported by the Department of Energy that was started on July 1, 1986. Within these three years, a phenomenal amount of research results have been obtained. In the following section, Section II, we summarize the research work accomplished since July 1, 1986 as was documented in the renewal proposal. In Section III, we list additional accomplishments since the submission of the renewal proposal. Section IV contains the figures that have been referred to in Section II. In Section V, we list the scientific personnel and students that have been involved in the project. Technical papers published or submitted under the DOE support since the last annual report are documented in Section V. Because of the large number of papers published or submitted, reprint and preprint copies will be submitted separately instead of attaching in the form of appendix.

Contamination associated with underground tanks at US Department of Energy sites and other sites may be effectively remediated by application of in situ vitrification (ISV) technology. In situ vitrification converts contaminated soil and buried wastes such as underground tanks into a glass and crystalline block, similar to obsidian with crystalline phases. A radioactive engineering-scale test performed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory in September 1989 demonstrated the feasibility of using ISV for this application. A 30-cm-diameter (12-in.-diameter) buried steel and concrete tank containing simulated tank sludge was vitrified, producing a solid block. The tank sludge used in the test simulated materials in tanks at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Hazardous components of the tank sludge were immobilized or removed and captured in the off-gas treatment system. The steel tank was converted to ingots near the bottom of the block and the concrete walls were dissolved into the resulting glass and crystalline block. Although one of the four moving electrodes froze&#x27;&#x27; in place about halfway into the test, operations were able to continue. The test was successfully completed and all the tank sludge was vitrified. 7 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.