Charged particle multiplicity distributions from e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} annihilations at 29 GeV have been analyzed in selected rapidity and azimuthal angle intervals. The data were taken with the High Resolution Spectrometer at PEP. The factorial moments of the multiplicity distributions increase as the rapidity interval is decreased, the so-called intermittency phenomenon. These direct measurements of the moments agree with values derived from negative binomial fits to our multiplicity distributions in various central rapidity windows. The factorial moments are also given for the distribution in azimuthal angle around the beam direction and for the two-dimensional distribution in rapidity and azimuthal angle around the jet directions.

Fermilab experiment 665 has taken deep-inelastic muon scattering data at a beam energy of 490 GeV/c, on H{sub 2}, D{sub 2} and Xe targets. Two triggers have been used: a large scattering-angle trigger (LAT), sensitive to a minimum scattering angle of 3 mrad, and a small scattering-angle trigger which can accept a scattering angle down to 0.5 mrad. The neutron to proton ratio is reported for x{sub bj} above 0.002, and it shows consistency with 1 as x{sub bj} goes to 0. The Xe to D{sub 3} cross-section ratio is reported for x{sub bj} above 0.001 and it shows evidence of shadowing. 5 refs., 5 figs.

The field of ion acceleration to higher energies has grown rapidly in the last years. Many new facilities as well as substantial upgrades of existing facilities have extended the mass and energy range of available beams. Perhaps more significant for the long-term development of the field has been the expansion in the applications of these beams, and the building of facilities dedicated to areas outside of nuclear physics. This review will cover many of these new developments. Emphasis will be placed on accelerators with final energies above 50 MeV/amu. Facilities such as superconducting cyclotrons and storage rings are adequately covered in other review papers, and so will not be covered here.

The newest particle accelerators are almost always built for extending the frontiers of research, at the cutting edge of science and technology. Once these machines are operating and these technologies mature, new applications are always found, many of which touch our lives in profound ways. The evolution of accelerator technologies will be discussed, with descriptions of accelerator types and characteristics. The wide range of applications of accelerators will be discussed, in fields such as nuclear science, medicine, astrophysics and space-sciences, power generation, airport security, materials processing and microcircuit fabrication. 13 figs.

In the numerical simulation of plasma phenomena there are two fundamental approaches that are generally followed. In the continuum approach one models the evolution of the fluid moment equations derived from the appropriate Boltzmann equation of the plasma. Alternatively, in the particle approach a large group of simulated charged particles are moved according to the self-consistent electromagnetic fields which partly depend on the charge and current densities of these same particles. Although the particle simulation method has been traditionally the more expensive of the two, it is much more capable of giving adequate account of many important kinetic phenomena. With the advent of the vector multiprocessor supercomputers, such as the Cray-2 or Cray Y-MP, we have learned to adapt particle simulation codes to exploit the parallel features of these machines. Yet, in spite of such developments, the particle simulation codes have remained much slower than the maximum machine speeds. We have investigated new techniques that further optimize these methods to bring the speeds of these particle simulations into the gigaflop range. Recent progress in this area suggests that the use of particle simulation methods will become competitive with the alternative fluid models especially when it is realized that gigaflop performance …

The first section of this Volume will discuss the ''Conventional Drilling System''. Today's complex arrangement of numerous interacting systems has slowly evolved from the very simple cable tool rigs used in the late 1800s. Improvements to the conventional drilling rig have varied in size and impact over the years, but the majority of them have been evolutionary modifications. Each individual change or improvement of this type does not have significant impact on drilling efficiency and economics. However, the change is almost certain to succeed, and over time--as the number of evolutionary changes to the system begin to add up--improvements in efficiency and economics can be seen. Some modifications, defined and described in this Volume as Advanced Modifications, have more than just an evolutionary effect on the conventional drilling system. Although the distinction is subtle, there are several examples of incorporated advancements that have had significantly more impact on drilling procedures than would a truly evolutionary improvement. An example of an advanced modification occurred in the late 1970s with the introduction of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) drill bits. PDC bits resulted in a fundamental advancement in drilling procedures that could not have been accomplished by an evolutionary improvement in materials metallurgy, …

Dispersion strengthened copper alloys have shown promise for certain high heat flux applications in both near term and long term fusion devices. This study examines mechanical properties changes and microstructural evolution in several oxide dispersion strengthened alloys which were subjected to high levels of irradiation-induced displacement damage. Irradiations were carried out in FFTF to 34 and 50 dpa at 411--414{degree}C and 32 dpa at 529{degree}C. The alloys include several oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys based on the Cu-Al system, as well as ones based on the Cu-Cr and Cu-Hf systems. Of this group, certain of the Cu-Al alloys, those produced by an internal oxidation technique to contain alumina weight fractions of 0.15 to 0.25% outperformed the other alloys in all respects. These alloys, designated CuAl15, CuAl20, and CuAl25, were found to be resistant to void swelling up to 50 dpa at 414{degree}C, and to retain their superior mechanical and physical properties after extended irradiation. The major factor which controls the stability during irradiation was found to be the dispersoid volume fraction and distribution. The other alloys examined were less resistant to radiation-induced properties changes for a variety of reasons. Some of these include dispersoid redistribution by ballistic resolution, effects of retained dissolved …

Research continued on group ignition of a cloud of coal particles. Work included: investigation of the effect of particle size on ignition; and investigation of the effect of particle size on ignition temperatures. 4 refs., 3 figs.

The population of white sturgeon in the Kootenai River has continued to decline since 1983, in spite of a closure to harvest in the U.S. section of the river. Setline and angling techniques were used to sample 228 sturgeon from the river between Kootenai Falls and Kootenay Lake during 1989. Sturgeon were found in Montana within 4 km of Kootenai Falls and downstream from Bonners Ferry, Idaho to Kootenay Lake, British Columbia. Our data indicate there is a complete lack of recruitment of juveniles into the population. The youngest fish sampled was of the 1977 year class, and the population is estimated at 850 individuals with 95% confidence intervals of 574 to 1,463. At present, we do not understand what mechanisms are limiting recruitment. Over the past 70 years, the lower Kootenai River has been extensively diked for flood control, effectively eliminating backwater and slough areas that may have provided juvenile rearing habitat: Contaminants have entered the river system via mining operations and agricultural practices. In 1972, Libby Dam began operation, reversing the natural flow regime of the river, and releasing frequent power peaking flows. Of 179 fish that were surgically sexed, 37% were female and 35% were male. Thirty-four …

This report presents preliminary calculations of time-dependent release rates of selected radionuclides from the engineered barrier system in a potential high-level waste repository in unsaturated tuff, representative of a potential repository at Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada. These results are intended for use as preliminary source terms for calculating total system performance. The radionuclides specified for preliminary release-rate calculations are Tc-99, I-129, Cs-135, and Np-237 for ground-water pathways and C-14 for gaseous release.

Progress report for the superconductor program at Argonne National Laboratory discussing the group's activities and research. This report describes technical progress of research and development efforts aimed at producing superconducting components based on the Y-Ba-Cu, Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu, and Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu oxide systems.

A recursive neural-network algorithm is applied to the problem of correctly pairing photons from {pi}{sup 0}, {eta}, and higher resonance decays in the presence of a large background of photons resulting from many simultaneous decays. The method uses the full information of the multi-photon final state to suppress the selection of false photon pairs which arise from the many combinatorial possibilities. The method is demonstrated for simulated photon events under semirealistic experimental conditions. 3 refs., 3 figs.

High energy physics experiments at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) will show a substantial increase in complexity and cost over existing forefront experiments, and computing needs may no longer be met via simple extrapolations from the previous experiments. We propose a model for computing at the SSC based on technologies common in private industry involving both hardware and software. 11 refs., 1 fig.

This report documents the development and testing of a fluidic fuel injector for a coal-water slurry fueled diesel engine. The objective of this program was to improve the operating life of coal-water slurry fuel controls and injector components by using fluidic technology. This project addressed the application of fluidic devices to solve the problems of efficient atomization of coal-water slurry fuel and of injector component wear. The investigation of injector nozzle orifice design emphasized reducing the pressure required for efficient atomization. The effort to minimize injector wear includes the novel design of components allowing the isolation of the coal-water slurry from close-fitting injector components. Three totally different injectors were designed, fabricated, bench tested and modified to arrive at a final design which was capable of being engine tested. 6 refs., 25 figs., 3 tabs.

The objectives of the project are to investigate various coal pretreatment techniques and to determine the effect of these pretreatment procedures on the reactivity of the coal. Reactivity enhancement will be evaluated under both direct hydroliquefaction and co-processing conditions. Coal conversion utilizing low rank coals and low severity conditions (reaction temperatures generally less than 350{degrees}C) are the primary focus of the liquefaction experiments, as it is expected that the effect of pretreatment conditions and the attendant reactivity enhancement will be greatest for these coals and at these conditions. This document presents a comprehensive report summarizing the findings on the effect of mild alkylation pretreatment on coal reactivity under both direct hydroliquefaction and liquefaction co-processing conditions. Results of experiments using a dispersed catalyst system (chlorine) are also presented for purposes of comparison. IN general, mild alkylation has been found to be an effective pretreatment method for altering the reactivity of coal. Selective (oxygen) methylation was found to be more effective for high oxygen (subbituminous) coals compared to coals of higher rank. This reactivity enhancement was evidenced under both low and high severity liquefaction conditions, and for both direct hydroliquefaction and liquefaction co-processing reaction environments. Non-selective alkylation (methylation) was also effective, although …

The objectives of the project are to investigate various coal pretreatment techniques and to determine the effect of these pretreatment procedures on the reactivity of the coal. Reactivity enhancement will be evaluated under both direct hydroliquefaction and co-processing conditions. Coal conversion utilizing low rank coals and low severity conditions (reaction temperatures generally less than 350{degrees}C) are the primary focus of the liquefaction experiments, as it is expected that the effect of pretreatment conditions and the attendant reactivity enhancement will be greatest for these coals and at these conditions. This document presents a comprehensive report summarizing the findings on the effect of mild alkylation pretreatment on coal reactivity under both direct hydroliquefaction and liquefaction co-processing conditions. Results of experiments using a dispersed catalyst system (chlorine) are also presented for purposes of comparison. IN general, mild alkylation has been found to be an effective pretreatment method for altering the reactivity of coal. Selective (oxygen) methylation was found to be more effective for high oxygen (subbituminous) coals compared to coals of higher rank. This reactivity enhancement was evidenced under both low and high severity liquefaction conditions, and for both direct hydroliquefaction and liquefaction co-processing reaction environments. Non-selective alkylation (methylation) was also effective, although …

Westinghouse Hanford Company plans to install mixer pumps in doubleshell waste tanks to mobilize and suspend settled sludge to allow eventual retrieval for treatment and permanent storage. The mixer pumps produce high momentum, horizontally directed jets that impact and mobilize the sludge and mix it into slurry for removal. There is concern that the force of the jet may damage tank internal components in its path. Scaled experiments were conducted to characterize the velocity profiles of the floor jet and to quantify the drag coefficients and impact forces for three tank components: radiation dry well, air lift circulator, and steam coil. Jet impact forces were measured on the scaled models at a 4 to 1 range of hydraulically scaled flow rates and a scaled range of distances between discharge nozzle and test component. The test were designed to provide hydraulic similarity between test conditions and expected actual waste tank conditions by using equal Reynolds number the jet maximum velocity impacted the test component. Forces measured on the models were used to calculate expected forces on the full scale components. Correlations of force on the test article versus distance from the nozzle were derived for the radiation dry well and air …

The aim of this study was to compare the ability of three micrositing models to simulate the wind flow in complex terrain. One of these models, NOABL, is a mass-consistent model while the other two, MS3DJH/3R and BZ, are descendants of Jackson-Hunt (J-H) theory. All three models were applied to two areas of complex terrain, Askervein Hill in Scotland and Altamont Pass in California. Askervein Hill is an isolated hill of moderate slope surrounded by a flat plain. In marked contrast, the terrain of Altamont Pass is very complicated and is aptly described as being very hilly. Over each modeled area, wind measurements taken from a relatively dense network of anemometry were used to assess the performance of the models by comparing these data to the model-derived winds. 20 refs., 13 figs., 7 tabs.

The Residential Construction Demonstration Project (RCDP) is designed to demonstrate new residential building techniques and product innovations which advance the stage-of-the-art in constructing energy-efficient electrically heated residences. A secondary purpose is to obtain documented cost and energy savings data from which to make accurate assessments of the cost-effectiveness of various conservation innovations. The project solicits participation of regional homebuilders by offering them financial incentives for constructing homes to the Model Conservation Standards (MCS) and including at least one innovation.'' The innovations are determined by BPA and the States prior to construction and represent construction techniques or energy saving products that might reduce the cost of building MCS homes, or expand the options available to builders in achieving MCS levels of energy efficiency in homes. Besides covering some of the additional risk for employing the innovation, the incentive payment guarantees that builders will provide certain amounts of information regarding the cost and acceptability of building the homes. In addition, an incentive is paid to homeowners for their participation in data collection efforts following construction. Several one-time'' tests were performed on the houses and homeowners were required to report energy consumption and temperature data on a weekly basis for approximately 18 months. …

Computing architectures using distributed processing and distributed databases are increasingly becoming considered acceptable solutions for advanced data processing systems. This is occurring even though there is still considerable professional debate as to what truly'' distributed computing actually is and despite the relative lack of advanced relational database management software (RDBMS) capable of meeting database and system integrity requirements for developing reliable integrated systems. This study investigates the functionally of ORACLE data base management software that is performing distributed processing between a MicroVAX/VMS minicomputer and three MS-DOS-based microcomputers. The ORACLE database resides on the MicroVAX and is accessed from the microcomputers with ORACLE SQL*NET, DECnet, and ORACLE PC TOOL PACKS. Data gathered during the study reveals that there is a demonstrable decrease in CPU demand on the MicroVAX, due to distributed processing'', when the ORACLE PC Tools are used to access the database as opposed to database access from dumb'' terminals. Also discovered were several hardware/software constraints that must be considered in implementing various software modules. The results of the study indicate that this distributed data processing architecture is becoming sufficiently mature, reliable, and should be considered for developing applications that reduce processing on central hosts. 33 refs., 2 figs.

Helium (an inert gas) with low solubility in beryllium is trapped in irradiated beryllium at low temperatures (<100{degree}C) while the tritium generated may have some mobility and be released. The subject of tritium retention in irradiated beryllium within fusion reactor blankets is of considerable interest in their conceptual design. Results from experiments on three sets of irradiated beryllium specimens are examined in this paper. The beryllium specimens were irradiated at abut 75{degree}C in capsules to protect them from the cooling water. One set of samples was irradiated to {approximately}3 {times} 10{sup 22} n/cm{sup 2} (E > 1 MeV). In these samples the calculated helium generated was {approximately} 14,000 appm. They are described in terms of swelling, annealing, microstructure, and helium bubble behavior (size, density and mobility). A second sample was irradiated to {approximately}5 {times} 10{sup 22} n/cm{sup 2} (E > 1 MeV). In that one the calculated helium and tritium generated were {approximately}24,000 appm He and {approximately}3720 appm, and tritium content was examined in a dissolution experiment. Most of the tritium was released as gas to the glovebox indicating the generated tritium was retained in the helium bubbles. In a third set of experiments a specimen was examined by annealing …

The overall goal of this project is the development of nondestructive techniques for studying the molecular structure of coal by probing the chemical environment of naturally occurring unpaired electrons with a variety of electron magnetic resonance spectroscopies. One exceptionally promising method for investigating molecular structure in complex solids possessing unpaired electrons is Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) spectroscopy. Currently the aim of our S-band ESEEM work is to develop better methods for the interpretation of multifrequency ESEEM data. This problem is extremely difficult, especially for modulation resulting from quadrupolar nuclei (l > 1/2) such as {sup 33}S, {sup 14}N, and {sup 23}Na. We are pursuing two closely related paths toward this goal. One part of this effort is the development of classification system which would make ESEEM spectra more amenable to a preliminary interpretation by visual inspection. This report describes the testing of some of the capabilities of our recently constructed ESE spectrometer by carrying out a detailed investigation of the molecule DPPH, diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, a well-known stable free radical frequently used to test and tune up electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometers, but details of the nitrogen substituents on one of its aromatic rings have been uncertain and, in fact, the …

The US Department of Energy's (DOE) Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) must comply with EPA regulation 40 CFR Part 191, Subpart B, which sets environmental standards for radioactive waste disposal. The regulation, Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Management and Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes (hereafter referred to as the Standard), was vacated in 1987 by a Federal Court of Appeals and is underground revision. By agreement with the Sate of New Mexico, the WIPP project is evaluating compliance with the Standard as promulgated, in 1985 until a new regulation is available. This report summarizes the early-1990 status of Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL) understanding of the Project's ability to achieve compliance. The report reviews the qualitative and quantitative requirements for compliance, and identifies unknowns complicating performance assessment. It discusses in relatively nontechnical terms the approaches to resolving those unknowns, and concludes that SNL has reasonable confidence that compliance is achievable with the Standard as first promulgated. 46 refs., 7 figs.

The anisotropic properties which exist in all high-{Tc} compounds make it necessary to characterize the preferred orientation (or texture) of crystals which results from various processing methods. Once a suitable preferred orientation is achieved, a significant increase in performance is anticipated. In this study, thick films ({approximately}80 {mu}m) of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) on silver substrates were characterized by pole figure techniques to obtain an Orientation Distribution Function (ODF). 6 refs., 5 figs.