Described is a recently developed renormalization group improved version of the program of Yennie, Frautschi and Suura for the exponentiation of infrared divergences in Abelian gauge theories. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of this renormalization group improved exponentiation to Z/sup 0/ physics at the SLC and LEP.

One loop scalar masses induced by Fayet-Ilipoulos D terms in string theory are calculated directly in the heterotic string theory for an arbitrary compactification which preserves space-time supersymmetry at the string tree level. The result is shown to be a total derivative in the moduli space of a torus with two punctures, and hence receives contribution only from the boundary of this moduli space.

A creep measurement was made to prove the capability of a unidirectionally reinforced, epoxy-fiberglass rod to hold stable dimensions in compression over a 10 year period, during which operating temperatures of 40/sup 0/C (104/sup 0/F) could occur. This material has a high modulus of elasticity in tension and compression (approx.6 x 10/sup 6/ psi) and strengths in excess of 100,000 psi. Its high strength and low thermal conductivity in the range from 300K to cryogenic temperatures make it ideally suited for cryogenic supports. The sample was tested in compression at 52 MPa (7500 psi) at 40/sup 0/C for 1000 hours. The measured fractional deflection due to creep after 1000 hours was 3 x 10/sup -5/. Extrapolation of the data to 10 years under the test load of 52 MPa predicts a fractional deflection of 6 x 10/sup -5/. The low stress level was appropriate to a conservative design for the dipole magnet support struts for the Superconducting Super Collider cryostat (alternate design), an application requiring long-term accurate positioning of the magnet. The struts carry the weight of the magnet, at liquid helium temperature, to the base at ambient temperature. An elevated ambient standby or storage temperature is the critical temperature …

The subject of meson productions in nuclei, a new direction in pion-nucleus physics, is discussed. Recent experimental results at LAMPF and AGS on the (..pi..,eta) and (..pi../sup +/,K/sup +/) reactions in nuclei are presented. 37 refs., 14 figs., 4 tabs.

The SLC luminosity is reached by colliding beams focused to about 2 ..mu..m transverse sizes. The Final Focus System (FFS) must enable, beyond its basic optical design, the detection and correction of errors accumulated in the system. In this paper, after summarizing the design, we review the sensitivity to such errors and the ability to correct them. The overall tuning strategy involves three phases: single beam spot minimization, steering the beams in collision and luminosity optimization with beam-beam effects.

In 1982, the National Marine Fisheries Service began a 6-year study to determine if transporting steelhead, Salmo gairdneri, smolts by barge from Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (NFH) to a release site on the Columbia River below Bonneville Dam would result in increased returns of adults to the various fisheries and to the hatchery homing site. During 1982 and 1983, over 500,000 juveniles were marked and serially released as controls from the hatchery or barged as test fish to below Bonneville Dam. As of July 1986, returns of adults to various recovery sites from juveniles released in 1982 are virtually complete. Returns of one- and two-ocean fish from the 1983 release are nearly complete. The 1983 test releases showed much less homing impairment and delay in upstream migration than 1982 releases. Most adults from both control and test releases in 1983 and control releases in 1982 migrated a considerable distance upstream and overwintered in the Snake and Clearwater Rivers - behavior similar to Clearwater River fish previously transported from Lower Granite Dam. In contrast, many of the adults from test releases in 1982 failed to migrate upstream very far in the fall and overwintered in the Columbia River.

In TFTR plasmas at low to moderate density, the highest fusion energy gain Q/sub dd/ (D-D fusion power/injected power P/sub b/) is obtained with nearly balanced co- and counter-injection of neutral beams. For a given beam power, significantly unbalanced injection reduces Q/sub dd/ because the accompanying plasma rotation reduces the beam-target fusion reactivity, the fast-ion slowing-down time, and the beam-beam reaction rate, while <T/sub e/> and <T/sub i/> decrease from their maximum values. 9 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.

Protective action calculations have been performed for five different light water reactors (LWRs) and containment designs using high and low fission product releases for early and late containment failures for each plant. These fission product release estimates were obtained from studies performed for the recently published ''Reactor Risk Reference Document'' (NUREG-1150). Five protective actions were considered for the risks of exceeding various dose levels to the red marrow versus centerline distance from the plants using site-specific meteorology. The strategies considered were 4 hours of normal activity, basement sheltering, large building sheltering, evacuation at release, and evacuation 1 hour after release. The evacuations were computed using 10 mph evacuation speed for all sites. Additional calculations were performed for the dose contributions due to the cloud, ground, and inhalation pathways.

A new 8 GeV beam transport system between the Booster and Main Ring synchrotrons at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is presented. The system was developed in an effort to improve the transverse phase space area occupied by the proton beam upon injection into the Main Ring accelerator. Problems with the original system are described and general methods of beamline design are formulated. Errors in the transverse properties of a beamline at the injection point of the second synchrotron and their effects on the region in transverse phase space occupied by a beam of particles are discussed. Results from the commissioning phase of the project are presented as well as measurements of the degree of phase space dilution generated by the transfer of 8 GeV protons from the Booster synchrotron to the Main Ring synchrotron.

The electronic excitation cross sections leading to H/sub 2/(v'') molecules are discussed. The effect of shortening the length of the first chamber of a tandem configuration for the purpose of reducing the atomic concentration is shown to enhance the extracted current density.

There are three classes of faint blue variable stars: the ZZ Ceti variables (DAV degenerate dwarfs), the DBV variables (DB degenerate dwarfs), and the GW Vir variables (DOV degenerate dwarfs). None of these classes of variable stars were known at the time of the last blue star meeting. Observational and theoretical studies of the ZZ Ceti variables, the DBV variables, and the GW Vir variables have shown them to be pulsating in nonradial g-modes. The cause of the pulsation has been determined for each class of variable star and, in all cases, also involves predictions of the stars envelope composition. The predictions are that the ZZ Ceti variables must have pure hydrogen surface layers, the DBV stars must have pure helium surface layers, and the GW Vir stars must have carbon and oxygen rich surface layers with less than 30% (by mass) of helium. Given these compositions, it is found that pulsation driving occurs as a result of the kappa and gamma effects operating in the partial ionization zones of either hydrogen or helium. In addition, a new driving mechanism, called convection blocking, also occurs in these variables. For the GW Vir variables, it is the kappa and gamma effects …

The backpropagation learning algorithm for neural networks is developed into a formalism for nonlinear signal processing. We illustrate the method by selecting two common topics in signal processing, prediction and system modelling, and show that nonlinear applications can be handled extremely well by using neural networks. The formalism is a natural, nonlinear extension of the linear Least Mean Squares algorithm commonly used in adaptive signal processing. Simulations are presented that document the additional performance achieved by using nonlinear neural networks. First, we demonstrate that the formalism may be used to predict points in a highly chaotic time series with orders of magnitude increase in accuracy over conventional methods including the Linear Predictive Method and the Gabor-Volterra-Weiner Polynomial Method. Deterministic chaos is thought to be involved in many physical situations including the onset of turbulence in fluids, chemical reactions and plasma physics. Secondly, we demonstrate the use of the formalism in nonlinear system modelling by providing a graphic example in which it is clear that the neural network has accurately modelled the nonlinear transfer function. It is interesting to note that the formalism provides explicit, analytic, global, approximations to the nonlinear maps underlying the various time series. Furthermore, the neural net …

This paper discusses progress on hardware and applications of superconducting design. The topic titles covered are: hardware development, architecture research, operating system research and development, Cedar Fortran, symbolic processing, compiler research, scientific workstation environment, and numerical library. (LSP)

The topic of this report is high spin research with the High Energy Resolution Array (HERA) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. This is a 21 Ge detector system, the first with bismuth germanate (BGO) Compton suppression. The array is described briefly and some of the results obtained during the past year using this detector facility are discussed. Two types of studies are described: observation of superdeformation in the light Nd isotopes, and rotational damping at high spin and excitation energy in the continuum gamma ray spectrum.

Following a brief survey of nongauge interactions of composite W and Z from a theoretical viewpoint, we point out some of conspicuous signatures of compositeness at supercolliders, in particular W..gamma.. and Z..gamma.. production through q anti q by interactions of dimension six. In these processes, a suppression factor 1/..lambda../sup 2/ due to compositeness scale ..lambda.. is largely compensated by longitudinal polarizations of W and Z, allowing us to probe up to high values of ..lambda... 10 refs., 3 figs.

Using digital subtraction radiography, the author detects an 0.1% change in areal density in a phantom. Areal density is the product rho x, where rho is the material density and x is the material thickness. Therefore, it is possible to detect an 0.1% difference in either density or thickness in unknown samples. A special x-ray television camera detects the areal density change on the phantom. In a difference image, formed by subtracting the 128-television-frame averages of the phantom image from the phantom-and-step image, the step is resolved with a 1-mm spatial resolution. Surprisingly, crossed 2-..mu..m-diam tungsten wires that overlie the phantom are also detected. This procedure takes a few seconds. The performance of any digital imaging x-ray system will improve by using the averaging and digital subtraction techniques. 8 refs., 6 figs.

A design for a compact, high current, high power linear electron accelerator using an rf power source is investigated. It consists of adjacent cavities into which rf power is injected and through which electron pulses pass. The source is assumed to be capable of delivering sufficient rf power to the desired location at the proper phase. Beamline issues such as cavity loading, energy extraction, longitudinal and transverse pulse focusing, and beam breakup are considered. A device which, given the required source, can deliver beam parameters comparable to existing induction accelerators but which is more than an order of magnitude smaller appears feasible.

The implementation of reinforced flexural elements into the thermal-mechanical finite element program TEMP-STRESS is described. With explicit temporal integration and dynamic relaxation capabilities in the program, the flexural elements provide an efficient method for the treatment of reinforced structures subjected to transient and static loads. The capability of the computer program is illustrated by the solution of several examples: the simulation of a reinforced concrete beam; simulations of a reinforced concrete containment shell which is subjected to internal pressurization, thermal gradients through the walls, and transient pressure loads. The results of this analysis are relevant in the structural design/safety evaluations of typical reactor containment structures. 22 refs., 13 figs.

Current probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods for nuclear power plants utilize seismic &#x27;&#x27;fragilities&#x27;&#x27; - probabilities of failure conditioned on the severity of seismic input motion - that are based largely on limited test data and on engineering judgment. Under the NRC Component Fragility Research Program (CFRP), the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has developed and demonstrated procedures for using test data to derive probabilistic fragility descriptions for mechanical and electrical components. As part of its CFRP activities, LLNL systematically identified and categorized components influencing plant safety in order to identify &#x27;&#x27;candidate&#x27;&#x27; components for future NRC testing. Plant systems relevant to safety were first identified; within each system components were then ranked according to their importance to overall system function and their anticipated seismic capacity. Highest priority for future testing was assigned to those &#x27;&#x27;very important&#x27;&#x27; components having &#x27;&#x27;low&#x27;&#x27; seismic capacity. This report describes the LLNL prioritization effort, which also included application of &#x27;&#x27;high-level&#x27;&#x27; qualification data as an alternate means of developing probabilistic fragility descriptions for PRA applications.

This report compares performance of two different residual heat removal systems developed for liquid metal reactors. 2 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab. (JDH)

During this third quarter of Grant DE-FG22-86 PC 90756, we have obtained preliminary experimental results on the deposition behavior of submicron and supermicron solid particles (MgO, Al[sub 2]O[sub 3]) on a two-dimensional surface exposed to a high temperature/velocity particle laden'' atmospheric pressure jet. The uniform velocity ( plug flow'') jet, with temperatures up to about 1520 K, derives from a pressurized gaseous fuel microcombustion chamber (110 cc) equipped with a platinum guiding (exit) channel. Particles were generated by several methods (Berglund-Liu type aerosol generator, ultrasonic nebulizer, or syringe feeder with aerodynamic particle off-take) and were introduced into the combustion chamber with a carrier stream of nitrogen or air. Laser light scattering and reflectivity techniques were used for the study of particle deposition, supplemented by post-mortem microscopy on the exposed surface. We observed a linear deposition rate of submicron particles due to the thermophoretic mechanism (until the first layer was developed) under both high and low velocity conditions. On the contrary, supermicron particle deposits reach a steady-state, evidently due to a dynamic equilibrium between particle deposition and dislodging caused by the impacting particles. At several temperatures particle-free subsonic gas jets (up to 120 m/sec) were unable to remove the submicron particle …

During 1986, the environmental monitoring program continued at the Colonie Interim Storage Site (CISS), a US Department of Energy (DOE) facility located in Colonie, New York. The CISS is part of the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP), a DOE program to decontaminate or otherwise control sites where residual radioactive materials remain from the early years of the nation's atomic energy program or from commercial operations causing conditions that Congress has mandated DOE to remedy. As part of the decontamination research and development project authorized by Congress under the 1984 Energy and Water Appropriations Act, remedial action is being conducted at the site and at vicinity properties by Bechtel National Inc. (BNI), Project Management Contractor for FUSRAP. The environmental monitoring program is also carried out by BNI. The monitoring program at the CISS measures external gamma radiation levels as well as uranium and radium-226 concentrations in surface water, groundwater, and sediment. To verify that the site is in compliance with the DOE radiation protection standard and to assess the potential effect of the site on public health, the radiation dose was calculated for the maximally exposed individual. Based on the conservative scenario described in the report, the maximally exposed …

Direct coal-fired turbine concepts currently being developed require substantial levels of sulfur removal from high-temperature gas streams. Calcium-based sorbents, limestones, dolomites, limes and lime hydrates, are capable of sulfur removal in direct coal-fired turbine combustor environments at temperature up to 1200/degree/C. Two types of desulfurizer processes are considered in this report using calcium- based sorbents: fluidized bed desulfurizer using coarse sorbent particles (300-1000 ..mu..m), and entrained desulfurizer using fine sorbent particles (1-40 ..mu..m). Small-scale laboratory tests were performed on a variety of calcium-based sorbents to determine the kinetics of sulfation and sulfidation over ranges of conditions applicable to both types of desulfurizer processes. Correlations are developed in the report for the effect of pressure; temperature, and particle size. Engineering models are also developed for both desulfurizer types that incorporate the laboratory reaction kinetics and predict potential commercial performance and performance trends. It is concluded that both desulfurizer concepts can be effective in direct coal-fired turbines, with calcium-to-sulfur molar feed ratios ranging from 1.5 to 3.0, if the correct calcium-based sorbent is selected, and if applicable design and operating conditions are identified. Both desulfurizer concepts have limitations and key development requirements, and site and fuel specific engineering assessment is required to …

HCPB is the acronym of an organic hydrogen getter compound used in weapon systems. When this material scavenges hydrogen by reacting with it, a number of compounds are formed, each of which is more volatile than HCPB. It is desirable to know the vapor pressure of these products in order to assess their migration potential within the weapon. In this study, individual compounds from a reacted HCPB mixture were isolated and their vapor pressures were measured. Three of the four fractions examined with a modified capacitance manometer were found to have vapor pressures under 1 mtorr; the fourth was measured at 92 +- 15 mtorr. An attempt was made to obtain boiling point data on the two liquid components of the getter mixture, but they decomposed before reaching their boiling points.