The approximate stoichiometry of liquefaction, from data of two PDU runs and a laboratory run is Wood (100 g) + CO (0.1 - 0.4 Mol) ..-->.. CO/sub 2/ (0.5 - 1.0 Mol) + H/sub 2/O (0.4 - 0.8 Mol) + Product (55 - 64 g). Product includes wood oil, water soluble organics and residues. Water is formed by decomposition, carbon dioxide by decomposition and reduction of wood oxygen by CO. Aqueous products include many carboxylic acids plus a roughly equal percentage of non-acids. The wood oil is divided into a neutral fraction and three phenolic fractions of varying molecular weight. Some specific compounds found in water and oil phases are listed.

The Wind Energy Forum for Oklahoma and Texas was held at the Amarillo Quality Inn in Amarillo, Texas on April 2-3, 1981. Its purpose was to bring together the diverse groups involved in wind energy development in the Oklahoma and Texas region to explore the future commercial potential and current barriers to achieving this potential. Major topics of discussion included utility interconnection of wind machines and the buy-back rate for excess power, wind system reliability and maintenance concerns, machine performance standards, and state governmental incentives. A short summary of each presentation is included.

FFTF's ascent to full power was a distinct success. Plant performance and the short time frame required to complete testing clearly illustrated the efforts of all involved in preparing for the initial power ascent. The data obtained will be used as a baseline for further power range testing as the FFTF startup program is completed.

High energy laser facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are described, with special emphasis on their use for equation of state investigations using laser-generated shockwaves. Shock wave diagnostics now in use are described. Future Laboratory facilities are also discussed.

The author deals with the scientific basis for establishing appropriate radiation protection guides, and this effect on evaluation of societal activities concerned with the health effects in human populations exposed to low-level radiation. Methodology is discussed for estimating risks of radio-induced cancer and genetically related ill-health in man, the sources of data, the dose-response models used, and the precision ascribed to the process. (PSB)

Solutions and some of their properties of a classical vector field model in two-dimensional Minkowski space with internal symmetry Z(3) - the cyclic group of order three are presented.

A preliminary assessment is made to show that canisters fabricated of nickel-iron alloys, and surrounded by a suitable backfill, may produce an engineered barrier where the canister material is thermodynamically stable with respect to its environment. As similar conditions exist in nature, the performance of such systems as barriers to isolate radionuclides can be predicted over very long periods, of the order of 10/sup 6/ years.

The test program for an Active Rotary Flux Compressor (ARFC) has demonstrated conclusively that large compression factors can be obtained with a laminated-iron, wave-wound, rotary flux compressor. Peak-current to startup-current ratios of 17 have been produced with a rotor tip speed of 60 meters per second. Sub-millisecond pulse widths were also measured: the minimum, 590 ..mu..sec (FWHM), was obtained at 5607 rpm with an 8-inch diameter, 4-pole rotor. The machine was operated without a high current output switch, proving the feasibility of a novel commutation scheme described. A computational code has been developed that will calculate the output waveshape of the model ARFC with reasonable accuracy. The code is being refined to better account for saturation in the iron laminations. A second optimization code selects the best design for a given application. This code shows favorable cost effectiveness of large ARFC's over the conventional capacitors to drive flashlamps for large lasers.

The ratio of the average stresses in ferrite and martensite at yield of a dual-phase steel is calculated from a shear-lag model of load transfer, based on a shape parameter of the martensite particles. For a specific steel, a stress ratio of 2.2 is determined. This value is compared to the stress ratio obtained from hardness and microhardness determinations. The results qualitatively and tentatively support the strengthening role of load transfer in dual-phase steels.

Experimental studies of D/sup -/ collisions are of interest for basic physics, where experimental results can be used to test theoretical models for charge transfer, and for applications to ion sources for accelerators and for heating magnetically confined plasmas of interest for fusion. The high D/sup -/ yield from charge transfer in a thick cesium-vapor target is consistent with recent cross-section calculations and measurements. Recent theoretical calculations of cross sections in thick alkaline-earth-vapor targets, leading to prediction of a large D/sup -/ yield at low energy, have been partially confirmed in recent measurements, in which a D/sup -/ yield of 50% was observed at a D energy of 500 eV.

Chemical processing of nuclear waste at Hanford has generated some waste solutions with high concentration (0.1 to 0.5M) of N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and other organic complexing agents. These complexants must be destroyed bacause they affect radionuclide migration in soils, waste concentration, radionuclide removal, and other waste storage and processing considerations. Previous studies on actual waste solutions demonstrated that preozonation of the alkaline waste significantly improved radionuclide removal. A series of bench-scale experiments using synthetic waste has been performed to determine the optimum pH for most efficient ozone destruction of EDTA. Ozonation of EDTA in synthetic waste was carried out over the pH range of 1 to 14. Potential catalytic materials were examined at different pH levels. The EDTA-ozone reaction rates and stoichiometric requirements were compared and evaluated for the varying conditions.

The filter-fluorescer spectrometer (FFS) is a powerful tool for measuring x-ray spectrum from high fluence x-ray sources. However, this technique is limited to energies less than 120 keV, because there are no practical absorption edges available above this energy. In this paper, we present a new method of utilizing the filter-fluorescer system for x-ray spectral measurement above 120 keV. The new apparatus is called hyper-filter-fluorescer spectrometer (HFFS).

Unexpected phase structure in four dimensional lattice gauge theory based on the groups SO(3) and SU(5) have prompted studies of variations on the Wilson action for SU(2). A rich phase structure related to the decomposition of SU(2) into SO(3) and Z/sub 2/ is found. The scale of asymptotic freedom has a dramatic dependence on the choice of lattice action.

Recent experimental investigations of heavy quark-antiquark bound state systems are reviewed. Results from SPEAR on charmonium spectroscopy and from DORIS and CESR on bottomonium spectroscopy are presented. The current status of the search for top is also discussed.

GEOCITY is a computer-simulation model developed to study the economics of district heating/cooling using geothermal energy. GEOCITY calculates the cost of district heating/cooling based on climate, population, resource characteristics, and financing conditions. The basis for our geothermal-energy cost analysis is the unit cost of energy which will recover all the costs of production. The calculation of the unit cost of energy is based on life-cycle costing and discounted-cash-flow analysis. A wide variation can be expected in the range of potential geothermal district heating and cooling costs. The range of costs is determined by the characteristics of the resource, the characteristics of the demand, and the distance separating the resource and the demand. GEOCITY is a useful tool for estimating costs for each of the main parts of the production process and for determining the sensitivity of these costs to several significant parameters under a consistent set of assumptions.

The experience base for water storage of spent nuclear fuel has evolved since 1943. The technology base includes licensing documentation, standards, technology studies, pool operator experience, and documentation from public hearings. That base reflects a technology which is largely successful and mundane. It projects probable satisfactory water storage of spent water reactor fuel for several decades. Interim dry storage of spent water reactor fuel is not yet licensed in the US, but a data base and documentation have developed. There do not appear to be technological barriers to interim dry storage, based on demonstrations with irradiated fuel. Water storage will continue to be a part of spent fuel management at reactors. Whether dry storage becomes a prominent interim fuel management option depends on licensing and economic considerations. National policies will strongly influence how long the spent fuel remains in interim storage and what its final disposition will be.

In D/sup 0/- and F/sup +/-meson decays, QCD effects are expected to activate W-exchange processes (quark-annihilation processes), as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, which by themselves are strongly suppressed because of helicity mismatch. For example, the D/sup 0/ meson, on gluon emission, can flip its spin so that the subsequent weak decay proceeds without helicity suppression. Hard-gluon emission from the D/sup 0/ meson, evaluated perturbatively, enhances the D/sup 0/ decay rate (by approx. 20%). Soft-gluon emission is an equally likely source of enhancements in charmed-meson decays, and indeed seems to be the dominant one. This soft-gluon effect in charmed-meson decays was studied by a nonperturbative method that has theoretical foundations in QCD. The basic tool is a multipole expansion in QCD. The analysis is divided into three steps: virtual color-fluctuation of charmed mesons, separation of long-distance and short-distance phenomena by use of QCD multipole expansion, and evaluation of the soft-gluon effect.

In laser fusion, such as with the NOVA under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the D-T reaction is expected to be complete within 100 ps. It is important to measure the time-dependence of the neutron flux from the fusion target. We describe the design of a new neutron detector of 20 ps resolving time that can be used to study the history of fusion burn.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of phantom size, shape and composition on the response of an albedo neutron dosimeter. The most important feature was the shape. The dose equivalent rate from a californium neutron source was determined. Ten different dose rates were determined which varied from 2.39 to 3.02 rem/h for the CF source used. (ACR)

Sample sizes are discussed for variable measurements necessary for independent verification of a material balance using the statistical approaches adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). It is shown that sampled sizes for variables measurements in the attributes mode can be reduced by adopting better (but still conservative) approximations for detection probabilities. An expression is derived for these sample sizes. This method of calculating sample sizes retains the valuable characteristic that detection probabilities are a function only of the total amount of the falsification, not of the distribution of the falsification among strata. In addition, the standard approach to determining detection probabilities for a diverter strategy of falsification through small biases involves determining a parameter called the variance-inflation factor, which is the maximum amount by which the diverter chooses to inflate his random error.

The gamma rays and conversion electrons emitted following neutron capture in a /sup 237/Np target have been measured by use of the GAMS and BILL spectrometers at Grenoble. Gamma ray and alpha particle measurements of /sup 242m/Am alpha decay (Ge(Li)..gamma.. singles, ..gamma..-..gamma.. coincidences, ..cap alpha.. singles) have been made at Livermore. The data from these measurements have been combined with earlier measurements (Ionescu 1979, Asaro 1964) to produce a more detailed level scheme for /sup 238/Np. Approximately 36 levels have been identified from all of the experimental evidence. The experimentally-observed bandhead energies can be compared with predicted values derived from a simple linear addition of excitation energies observed in neighboring odd-mass nuclei. Values for the Gallagher-Moszkowski splitting of each configurational pair were obtained from theoretical calculations (Piepenbring 1978). We have assigned configurations to ten rotational bands whose bandhead energies range from 0 to 342 keV and which represent all but one of the configurations predicted to occur below 385 keV.

Geophysical and lithologic well logs from over fifty wells have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using both manual and computer interpretation techniques. These logs were studied to make stratigraphic correlations throughout the Cerro Prieto field and to interpret the deltaic depositional environment of the field's lithologic units. Dipmeter and seismic data were of great value in making stratigraphic interpretations and extrapolations. Cross sections were constructed to illustrate lithofacies variations throughout the geothermal field. In turn, these sections were used to construct a three-dimensional model of the Cerro Prieto geothermal reservoir. Petrographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses of well-bore cuttings and cores were utilized to determine the degree and distribution of hydrothermal alteration by fluids at temperatures up to 350{sup 0}C, the origins of dissolution porosity, and the relative degree of fracture versus dissolution porosity. The results of these analyses were confirmed by log-derived determinations of formation fluid properties, porosity, and petrophysical properties and by studies of Cerro Prieto cores conducted under in-situ conditions. The results of this research were integrated into the Cerro Prieto reservoir model.

A not-so-standard model of strong and electroweak interactions is discussed. Some direct consequences of this model are discussed and finally the outlook for the future is considered.

Numerical simulation methods are used to study how the exploitation of different horizons affects the behavior of a liquid-dominated geothermal reservoir. The reservoir model is a schematic representation of the Olkaria field in Kenya. The model consists of a two-phase vapor-dominated zone overlying the main liquid dominated reservoir. Four different cases were studied, with fluid produced from: 1) the vapor zone only, 2) the liquid zone only, 3) both zones and 4) both zones, but assuming lower values for vertical permeability and porosity. The results indicate that production from the shallow two-phase zone, although resulting in higher enthalpy fluids, may not be advantageous in the long run. Shallow production gives rise to a rather localized depletion of the reservoir, whereas production from deeper horizons may yield a more uniform depletion proces, if vertical permeability is sufficiently large.