This report presents projections of the supply, demand, and net imports of seven fuel types and four final consuming sectors for BEAs, states, census regions, and the nation for 1980 and 1985. The data are formatted to present regional energy availability from primary extraction, as well as from regional transformation processes. As constructed, the tables depict energy balances between availability and use for each of the specific fuels. The objective of the program is to provide a consistent base of historic and projected energy information within a standard format. Such a framework should aid regional policymakers in their consideration of regional growth issues that may be influenced by the regional energy system. This basic data must be supplemented by region-specific information which only the local policy analyst can bring to bear in his assessment of the energy conditions which characterize each region. The energy data, coupled with specific knowledge of projected economic growth and employment patterns, can assist EDA in developing its grant-in-aid investment strategy.

The two-dimensional steady-state propagation of electrostatic waves is governed by delta v/delta tau + delta/sup 3/v/delta xi/sup 3/ + delta((absolute value of v)/sup 2/v)/delta xi = 0, the Complex Modified Korteweg-DeVries equation. The properties of this equation are studied.

The relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe--28Cr--15Co, Fe--23Cr--15Co--5V and Fe--23Cr--15Co--3V--2Ti (wt.%) alloys have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and Lorentz microscopy. The heat treatments adopted for the present investigation are (1) isothermal aging, (2) thermomagnetic treatment (TMT) + step-aging, and (3) TMT + continuous cooling. The morphology of the microstructure is very much affected by the aging temperature. Thermomagnetic treatment is very effective in elongation of the Fe--Co rich (..cap alpha../sub 1/) phase particles, and the elongation of the ..cap alpha../sub 1/ phase particles is independent of crystal orientation. Step-aging and continuous cooling produce optimum magnetic properties. During step-aging microstructural features remain essentially unchanged, and the composition difference of the two phases increases. Continuous cooling is an alternative way to produce optimum magnetic properties. Microstructural features are almost independent of the cooling rate, and then they must be developed mainly by the TMT. Lorentz microscopy results show that the domain walls tend to lie in the weakly ferromagnetic matrix phase and are pinned by Fe--Co rich (..cap alpha../sub 1/) phase particles as pinning sites (as opposed to the supposed single domain hardening). This observation suggests that the magnetization mechanism is governed by domain wall pinning. Magnetic domains …

With the advent of vector programing it becomes necessary to provide FORTRAN users a convenient method to utilize the vector capabilities of a computer in such a way that the impact is minimal to the user. Four simple-to-use subroutines called the FIVE package are proposed to accomplish this.

The time-dependent, linear, resistive magnetohydrodynamic, numerical models that have been developed at Livermore are briefly reviewed. The purpose of these codes is to compute growth rates and mode structure of tearing, rippling, and mixed modes in diffuse pinches. Cylindrical and Cartesian geometries are used in the applications. Results for the Reversed Field Pinch in cylindrical geometry are described, and the influence of other dissipative effects is considered. The double tearing mode is described as well as the effect of equilibrium flow on the tearing mode.

Results from the initial phase of a study to establish subsurface design and operating criteria for a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) facility are summarized. The primary objective was to derive a preliminary set of criteria that would help ensure the long term (30 to 40 year) integrity of CAES reservoirs in porous media, such as aquifers or abandoned natural gas reservoirs. In addition, appropriate research and development tasks were to be defined if the current technology was found to be inadequate. Preliminary stability and design criteria for storage of compressed air in porous media were determined on the basis of a survey of the open literature and the experience of experts in industry and universities. The results were separated into two categories: criteria for low temperature air injection (under 200/sup 0/F) and criteria for high temperature air injection (200 to 650/sup 0/F). Results are presented as maximum and/or minimum bounds for a number of parameters such as porosity, permeability, closure, storage pressure, caprock thickness, delta pressure, and caprock slope. One of the prime conclusions derived from an evaluation of the low temperature concept is that the technology currently exists to handle the potential design and operating problems. Therefore, there …

The DTHR preliminary conceptual design consists of a magnetically confined fusion reactor fitted with a fertile thorium blanket. The fusion driver concept is based on a beam driven plasma, but at sufficiently high plasma densities that neutrons originating from the interactions of bulk plasma ions contribute significantly to the wall loading. The tokamak has a major radius of 5.2 m, a minor radius of 1.2 m, and the elongation is 1.6. All of the magnetic coil systems are superconducting Nb/sub 3/Sn based on the Large Coil Project (LCP) technology. The toroidal field (TF) coils employ an innovative concept, the ''compact D'' configuration. An engineered bundle divertor concept has been developed based on the bundle divertor design techniques developed for TNS and ISX-B. A thermal power of 150MW of 200 keV deuterium is injected into the plasma through six ducts of a positive ion, neutral beam injection system (NBIS). A water cooled, 316 stainless steel vacuum vessel concept was developed and initial scoping analyses look encouraging. The fusile fuel handling system was evaluated and defined. Details of the tritium injection system remain to be developed. Tritium breeding will be assessed in subsequent phases of the DTHR operation. The fusion driver provides …

Results are presented on the design and testing of a pressurized gas blown spark gap switch capable of high repetition rates in a burst mode of operation. The switch parameters which have been achieved are as follows: 220-kV, 42-kA, a five pulse burst at 1-kHz, 12-ns risetime, 2-ns jitter at a pulse width of 50-ns.

The KIPS Ground Demonstration System (GDS) was designed to simulate, as closely as possible, a Flight System Conceptual Design (FSCD). No radiator was incorporated and electric heat sources were used in place of isotope heat sources. To minimize air in-leakage and to simulate heat losses associated with space operation, the system was operated in a vacuum chamber. Initial testing was performed on the development system which did not incorporate a high performance turbine or non-condensing configuration of the cold liquid passages in certain regenerator vapor regions. After testing of the development system and retrofit to the GDS configuration, which included improvements in the above two items, the GDS was installed in the test chamber. Testing to date showed the GDS configuration has demonstrated a system efficiency of greater than 15%. Satisfactory heat balances have been calculated on most system components, permitting evaluation of component performance. Certain performance deficiencies currently exist which prevented the 18% efficiency goal being attained. These can be corrected with further development.

The discussion covers nuclear collisions at relativistic energies including classes of high energy nucleus--nucleus collisions, and the kinetics of a central collision; and the asymptotic hadron spectrum including known and unknown hadrons, the relevance of the spectrum and the means of its study, thermodynamics of hadronic matter, examples of hadronic spectra, the temperature, composition of the initial fireball and its expansion, isoergic expansion with no pre-freezeout radiation, isentropic expansion of the fireball, the quasi-dynamical expansion, and finally antinuclei, hypernuclei, and the quark phase. 28 references. (JFP)

Recent experimental data suggest that the concentration factor for uptake of /sup 99/Tc by vegetation from soils may be two to three orders of magnitude higher than the 0.25 value currently being used in radiological assessments. Following a survey of the literature, a concentration factor of 50 was applied to evaluate the dose from a 1.0 Ci/year release to the atmosphere by a hypothetical uranium enrichment facility. Doses to the GI tract and thyroid of an adult living 1600 m from the facility were 18 millirems and 80 millirems, respectively. These doses are delivered entirely through transport of /sup 99/Tc through food chain pathways. This assessment indicates a potential for /sup 99/Tc exposures to exceed recently proposed standards of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR 190. The previously assumed concentration factor of 0.25 would have produced corresponding doses of 0.13 millirem to the GI tract and 0.57 millirem to the thyroid. The results of this analysis demonstrate the need for additional research on the environmental behavior and dosimetry of /sup 99/Tc. In particular, data are needed to elucidate the retention of /sup 99/Tc in soils and the uptake of /sup 99/Tc by edible vegetation in field studies of …

Measurements of the dilution of air contaminants between worker breathing zone and area air samplers were made by releasing a test aerosol in a workroom equipped with an aerosol surveillance system. The data were used to evaluate performance, and suggest improvements in design of the workroom's alarming air monitor system. It was found that a breathing zone concentration of 960 times the maximum permissible concentration in air (MPC/sub a/) for a half-hour was required to trigger alarms of the existing monitoring system under some release conditions. Alternative air monitor placement, suggested from dilution measurements, would reduce this average triggering concentration to 354 MPC/sub a/. Deployment of additional air monitors could further reduce the average triggering concentration to 241 MPC/sub a/. The relation between number of monitors and triggering concentration was studied. No significant decrease in average triggering concentration was noted for arrays containing greater than five monitors.

This is the final report of the research performed at ORNL on the chemical fractionation of boron isotopes between BF/sub 3/ gas and the liquid molecular addition compounds of BF/sub 3/. Thirty compounds were studied, ten of them in detail. Graphs and equations are given for variation of isotopic equilibrium constant, vapor pressure, and BF/sub 3/ solubility as a function of temperature. Rate of isotopic exchange and melting points were determined. Several of the compounds are likely candidates for use in a gas-liquid countercurrent exchange system for large-scale separation of boron isotopes. 23 figs, 53 tables, 39 references.

On November 18, 1977, after four years of experimentation, innovation, and construction, the Shiva High Energy Laser facility produced 10.2 kJ of focusable laser energy delivered in a 0.95 ns pulse. The Shiva laser, with its computer control system and delta amplifiers, demonstrated its versatility on May 18, 1978, when the first 20-beam target shot with delta amplifiers focused 26 TW on a target and produced a yield of 7.5 x 10/sup 9/ neutrons.

This supplement provides a revised estimate of the design energy and water requirements of various irrigation systems utilized in the Pacific Northwest states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is intended to provide interested readers information concerning sources of irrigation water, along with the water and energy requirements of the major types of irrigation systems used throughout the region. Revisions were made to update portions of the primary data deck and to correct errors discovered in the original data deck. These revisions have resulted in a reduction in the total regional energy requirements for irrigated agriculture by approximately 7%. Decreases occurred in the states of Idaho and Washington, while Oregon demonstrated an increase. Water requirements for regional irrigated agriculture were increased by 3%; all of this increase occurred in the state of Washington. Slight changes in the acreages irrigated by each type of irrigation system were noted, but are insignificant.

Between June 1976 and October 1977, 1138 water and 600 sediment samples were systematically collected from 1498 locations in the Cheyenne NTMS quadrangle of southeast Wyoming. The samples were analyzed for total uranium at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The uranium concentration in waters ranged from 0.01 to 296.30 parts per billion (ppB), with a median of 3.19 ppB and a mean of 8.34 ppB. The uranium in sediments ranged from 0.8 to 83.0 parts per million (ppM) with a median of 3.4 ppM and a mean of 4.5 ppM. Arbitrary anomaly thresholds were selected to isolate those water and sediment samples containing uranium concentrations above those of 98% of the population sampled. Using this procedure, 23 water samples above 54.50 ppB and 12 sediment samples above 14.0 ppM were considered anomalous. Several areas appear favorable for further investigation for possible uranium mineralization. High uranium concentrations were detected in waters from the northeast corner of the Cheyenne quadrangle. High uranium concentrations were detected in sediments from locations in the southern and central Laramie Mountains and along the southeast and east-central edges of the study area.

Progress achieved during the reporting period is reported. Discussions of several pertinent aspects are included, e.g., schedule, personnel, technology developments, and plans. The reporting period represents the second year of activities of a project which is designed to provide continuing support in the area of nuclear space power technology. Important results are summarized.

The two-cycle Acid-Thorex solvent extraction process requires that the feed stream to each thorium cycle be processed to reduce its nitric acid concentration (feed adjustment). This interim development report presents the results of bench-scale and pilot-plant-scale feed adjustment experiments using a continuous mode of operation. An examination of formic acid denitration and fluoride ion volatilization is also included.

Data indicate that possible uranium host rocks include the Precambrian rocks, the Ordovician Bat Cave Formation and Cable Canyon Sandstone, the Permian Abo Formation, Lower Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone, and the Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary McRae Formation. The Cenozoic sequence contains possible host beds; little is known, however, about its stratigraphy. Secondary uranium mineralization is found associated with faults in the Jornada area. All fault zones there are possible sites for uranium deposition. Possible sources for uranium in the Jornada del Muerto area include uraniferous Precambrian rocks, tuffaceous beds in the McRae Formation, and the Tertiary Datil and Thurman Formations. Hydrothermal solutions may have deposited the veinlike fluorite deposits, of which the purple varieties were found to be radioactive during this study.

Techniques for producing intense negative ion beams are discussed. These beams are required for intense neutral beam development at energies greater than 150 keV. Handling, acceleration, and stripping of negative ion beams are described.

A preliminary study of the core restraint performance of heterogeneous cores was performed as part of the Large Heterogeneous Reference Core Study (LHRCS). The performance is based on satisfying four functional requirements: (1) to provide assembly alignment for control rod insertion and fuel handling; (2) to permit fuel handling within allowable insertion and withdrawal forces; (3) to maintain the core reactivity (from radial motion) within specified limits during normal and off-normal conditions; and (4) to prevent extensive duct-to-duct contact throughout the core. Six generic cases were selected to represent the range of core arrangements whose features greatly influence core restraint performance. Case 1 is a reference homogeneous core with temperature gradients only near the fuel-blanket interface. Case 2 is also a reference homogeneous core, but has ficticious opposing temperature gradients within the fuel region. Cases 3 and 4 are tightly-coupled heterogeneous cores with fuel and blanket in the center region, respectively. Cases 5 and 6 are loosely-coupled heterogeneous cores with fuel (Case 5) and blanket (Case 6) in the center region. The most important relative difference in the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous cores is the extent of duct-to-duct contact in the core region. Three of the four heterogeneous cores …

Major factors affecting changes of the arterial Hb--O/sub 2/ affinity (P/sub 50/) were examined in relation to the initiation of erythropoietin (ESF) production in unanesthetized New Zealand white male rabbits. They were exposed to an isobaric hypoxic environment (8.8 percent O/sub 2/) with and without CO/sub 2/ (5.6 percent or 10 percent). During 5 hrs exposure, samples of arterial blood were collected for measurements of plasma ESF titers; whole-blood pH, P/sub CO2/, S/sub O2/, lactate, pyruvate, and P/sub 50/; and intraerythrocytic 2,3-DPG, ATP and ADP. Exposure to 8.8 percent oxygen alone stimulated ESF production and caused a leftward shift in the in vivo P/sub 50/; the addition of CO/sub 2/ significantly inhibited ESF production and blocked the shift in P/sub 50//sub (i.v.)/. The data suggest that increased oxygenation of the whole-body tissues occurs with exposure to 8.8 percent O/sub 2/ + CO/sub 2/ as reflected by lower whole-blood excess lactate accumulation. In keeping with the prevailing theory, the suppression of ESF production is probably a result of this increased oxygenation.

A direct calorimetric method has been used to determine simultaneously the molar enthalpy, ..delta..H/sup 0/, and equilibrium constant, K, for quinoline (QU) interaction with coal-derived asphaltenes (A), acid/neutral (AA) and base (BA) components of A, silylated asphaltenes (A(TMS)) and heavy oil (HO) fractions in solvent C/sub 6/H/sub 6/. Solvent fractionated A and HO fractions were from three centrifuged liquid product (CLP) samples prepared in the 450 kg (/sup 1///sub 2/ ton) per-day Process Development Unit at Pittsburgh Energy Research Center, at different process conditions from the same feed coal, Kentucky hvAb. For a given system, Qu-A (AA or BA), Qu-HO, the almost constant value of K and linear variation of ..delta..H/sup 0/ with the phenolic oxygen content of coal liquid fractions, have been attributed to the dominance of hydrogen-bonding effects, involving phenolic OH, over other types of molecular interactions in solution. In Qu-A(TMS) system, -..delta..H/sup 0/ values increase with decrease in molecular weight of A(TMS), while -..delta..S/sup 0/ values increase with increase in aromaticity of A fraction. The degree of complexation, in absence of OH groups, is much smaller than Qu-A system and largely depends upon some unusual entropy effects.

The heat exchanger module test is a cooperative field test of shell-and-tube heat exchangers to be performed with brine from Chevron Resources Company's Heber, California, field. Overall heat transfer coefficients will be measured with isobutane and a mixture of isobutane-isopentane as the working fluid in a simulated power cycle.