This report follows the work on the Kjedahl digestion procedure in sealed tubes at 470 C. as well as analyzing factors influencing ammonia decomposition within these tubes.

"Characteristics of a pulsed, occluded-gas ion source, operating in a magnetic field, have been investigated. Mass spectra of hydrogen- and deuterium-loaded sources are presented. Constructional details of the source and its operating characteristics are discussed."

Abstract: "A measurement was made of the dissociation of vibrationally-excited H2+ ions by photons having quantum energy in the vicinity of 4 e.v. The calculated cross section from theory is 3 x 10-(-18) cm-2. The experimental result is 10-(-17) cm-2; a factor of 10 uncertainty is present because the photon intensity was unknown by that factor."

Abstract: "A torus model of the elementary particles is suggested in which the electron and proton are made stable by gravitational forces derived from the electromagnetic field. It is suggested that the gravitational forces for the unstable particles, presumably the mesons, are not sufficient to keep the torus from expanding in the direction of its large radius. Rest energy zero can be achieved, presumably for photons and neutrons, when the gravitational energy and electromagnetic field energy are equal in magnitude. The manner in which these models can exhibit spin, magnetic moment, wave length, and phase velocity is indicated. The origin of nuclear forces from an electromagnetic basis is indicated."

Abstract: "Because of the radiation hazards inherent in processing large volumes of radioactive solutions by solvent extraction techniques, there is need for a system with small hold-up which can be contained within a minimum of shielding and yet which is versatile enough to be used as a research tool. A system utilizing a miniature mixer-settler has been constructed and its successful operation by remote means demonstrated. The unit is semiportable and employs a number of novel features of value in studying a wide variety of solvent extraction flowsheets. Data on the distribution of nitric acid between water and tributyl phosphate (in kerosene) are included as a demonstration of the operability of the unit."

Abstract: "This report describes six electronics areas at the Radiation Laboratory (Berkeley and Livermore) that are being successfully used with various particle acceleration for nuclear research. The electronics equipment, consisting of pulse amplifiers, scalers, coincidence circuits, pulse-height analyzers, automatic recording equipment, high-voltage supplies, etc., is arranged in such a manner that most experiments can be quickly set up, and a number of people can run experiments simultaneously. Advantage and limitations of these areas are discussed."

From introduction: "This is the first of three articles dealing with the influence of fluorine substitution in the ligand on the properties of metal chelate compounds. Although the primary purpose of this project was to study the influence of fluorine substitution on the properties -- particularly light absorption -- of uranyl compounds, copper chelates were chosen for preliminary study as model substances, because they are easily prepared."

This report analyzes two high-current linear accelerators, the A-54--a 48.5 megacycle resonant cavity accelerator--and the A-48, that is under construction during the time this report is written.

The following document describes how to determine the measurements of the optical density or absorption spectra of suspensions of micro-organisms.

Abstract: "Classical electromagnetic theory indicates that a conducting metallic shield can reduce the magnetic-radiation loss from a hot plasma (centrally located) undergoing D-D burn to less than 1%, or two orders of magnitude."

The following report describes the workings and development of the nuclear ramjet propulsion systems.

The following document describes the usage and results of sending pulsed beams of electrically charged particles with electrically wide range of pulse lengths and pulse repetition rates.

Abstract: "Microwaves have been used for several years at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to study conditions in the magnetically contained plasmas of controlled fusion research. There are two basic microwave techniques. One gives information on electron density and distribution in the plasma, the other provides data on electron temperature. This paper briefly summarizes the established techniques, discusses engineering requirements and limitations, and describes some further applications of microwaves presently being considered."

Abstract: "The cross section for the Be-9(n, t')Li-7*-->Li-7 + Y(0.477 Mev) reaction has been measured in the vicinity of 14 Mev by detecting the gamma-rays at scattering angles from 30 to 150 degrees. A time-of-flight technique was used to distinguish the gamma-rays from the high neutron background. The cross section drops from 20 mb at 13.6 Mev to 10 mb at 14.1 Mev and then rises to 30 mb at 14.7 Mev."

From abstract: "This progress report describes four IBM 704 codes developed and used by UCRL, Livermore, to investigate the motion of any object in the force fields of the sun and any or all of the planets and their satellites."

The following document presents an analysis on a phase-shift of p-p scattering with various measurements in Mev.

Abstract: "Fast neutron effects on a widely used x-ray film have been investigated. The neutron flux was provided by the (d, t) reaction of a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. Integrated exposures to 10-10 n/cm-2 were given the film. It was found that perturbations on film that were pre-exposed to Co-60 gamma rays from 10 to 2000 r were negligible. Simultaneous exposure of neutrons plus gammas also indicated negligible effect on the film insofar as the gamma dose was concerned."

Abstract: "The dependence on mean electron kinetic energy of the ratio of intensities of [lambda]5015[HeI] and [lambda]4686[HeII] has been calculated. A low-density plasma is considered, the principal assumptions being that the reaction processes are governed by electron collisions and the electron energy distribution is Maxwellian. The results show a fairly large variation of the intensity ratio within the range of 3 to 7 ev."

From introduction: "The object of this paper is to derive a simple approximate expression for the average potential about an atomic nucleus in an ionized gas. It was desired that the expression be simple in the sense that its analytic form would be convenient in Born approximation calculations. It was also desired that the results would be valid over a large range of temperature and density for all elements with perhaps the exception of those with low atomic number."

Abstract: "Components for switching large stored energies have been under development at the University of California Radiation Laboratory at Livermore. Applications and problems are discussed. Work has been done on a low inductance ignitron. A test and development program of 5550 type 2" ignitrons has led to a tube good at 10 kv for pulses of 30 ka with a decay time of 500 μs. Times for transfer of the arc to the wall have been measured for several types of ignitrons. A 4"-insulated cathode ignitron has been developed for pulses of 10 ka for 20 ms. The firing delay and jitter of 2" ignitrons has been found to be as low as 0.25 μs and 0.06 μs, respectively."

The most important component required for the Astron experimental facility is a high energy, high current, pulsed electron accelerator. A thin cylindrical layer of high energy electrons trapped within an axially symmetric magnetic field is the key feature of the Astron thermonuclear device. The trapping magnetic field is constant in time. Therefore, it is not possible to inject electrons and trap the electrons in this field unless during the injection phase a part of the electron energy is absorbed by some friction process. This is accomplished by means of eddy currents generated on suitable passive circuits by the current of the injected electron bunch. This method has ben described elsewhere. However, in order to achieve an effective loss mechanism the current of the injected electron beam must be over one hundred amps. Such high current beams are difficult to handle except if the electron energy is high enough so that the electrostatic repulsive force is compensated to great extent by attractive magnetive forces. Hence the electron energy required is 5 Mev or higher. Other requirements on the electron layer yield the same result.

The Astron, a thermo-nuclear fusion research machine, requires the injection of high-energy electron at 5 MEV emery level +- 1/2 %, 200 amperes, 60 pulses per second, 0.3 usec pulse width. The accelerator will work by the induction principle with approximately 500 magnetic cores, each 1/2 inch thick lined up on centers. Each core will be pulsed by a single primary turn and the electrons forming the secondary will experience a voltage acceleration equivalent to the primary voltage upon passing by each core. The coupling in this arrangement has been tested and it is very nearly unity.

Tory 11-A, the first experimental reactor in the Pluto nuclear ramjet program, will be tested in late 1960 at the Nevada Test Site of the Atomic Energy Commission. The fundamental objective of Tory II-A is to demonstrate that a high power density, high-temperature, air-cooled reactor can be successfully designed, constructed, and operated. This application places requirements on the reactor control system which are considerably more stringent than those found in previous reactor systems, both from the standpoint of radiation environment and system performance. To fulfill the system requirements a high-performance reactor control system has been designed and built; control actuation hardware has been developed which can withstand the high-radiation environment of Tory LI-A. This actuation system features radiation-tolerant electrohydraulic components: actuators, servo-valves, solenoid valves, feedback transducers, accumulators and associated hydraulic components. To provide high reliability against undesired shutdowns while carrying out high power level transients, the Tory 11-A control philosophy includes a new concept in reactor safety: reliance on a nonlocking, fast-reset safety system during accident situations. The fast-reset system acts so as to hold the programmed power level rather than initiating an irreversible "scram" action. A reactor "scram", if tolerated, could produce thermal shocks which would seriously damage the …

Quarterly report of the Chemistry Division at the University of California Radiation Laboratory providing updates for each department about current findings and ongoing research.