Waste characterization activities at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (open access)

Waste characterization activities at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Radioactive and hazardous wastes are generated at many national laboratories, military sites, fuel fabrication and enrichment plants, reactors, and many other facilities. At all of these sites, wastes must be separated, categorized, possibly treated, and packed into containers for shipment to waste-storage or disposal sites. Prior to treatment, storage or, shipment, the containers must be characterized to determine the ultimate disposition of the contained waste. Comprehensive and accurate nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and nondestructive assay (NDA) methods can be used to characterize most waste containers in a safe and cost-effective manner without opening them. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is investigating and developing the application of x-ray and {gamma}-ray methods to nonintrusively characterize waste containers and/or items. X-ray NDE methods are being investigated to determine whether they can be used to identify hazardous and nonconforming materials. A {gamma}-ray NDA method is used to identify the radioactive sources within a container and to accurately quantify their strength. In this paper we describe five waste characterization projects being conducted at LLNL that apply both the NDE and NDA methods and present results.
Date: June 28, 1995
Creator: Roberson, G. P.; Martz, H. E. & Haskins, J. J.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Water Heater for Washing Machines. (open access)

Water Heater for Washing Machines.

Patent for a new and improved water heater for washing machines. This design "relates to that class of washing-machines in which a rotary slatted cylinder for holding the clothes and a coil of pipe for supplying the drum with hot water are employed; and it consists in certain improvements in the construction and arrangement of the heater and pipes for conveying water to and discharging it from the drum" (lines 14-21).
Date: June 28, 1881
Creator: Bailey, Charles F. & Perrenot, George F.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Water simulation of sodium reactors (open access)

Water simulation of sodium reactors

The thermal hydraulic simulation of a large sodium reactor by a scaled water model is examined. The Richardson Number, friction coefficient and the Peclet Number can be closely matched with the water system at full power and the similarity is retained for buoyancy driven flows. The simulation of thermal-hydraulic conditions in a reactor vessel provided by a scaled water experiment is better than that by a scaled sodium test. Results from a correctly scaled water test can be tentatively extrapolated to a full size sodium system.
Date: June 28, 1981
Creator: Grewal, S. S. & Gluekler, E. L.
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
Welfare Recipients and Workforce Laws (open access)

Welfare Recipients and Workforce Laws

None
Date: June 28, 2004
Creator: Burke, Vee
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Wind-Tunnel Interference With Particular Reference to Off-Center Positions of the Wing and to the Downwash at the Tail (open access)

Wind-Tunnel Interference With Particular Reference to Off-Center Positions of the Wing and to the Downwash at the Tail

"The theory of wind tunnel boundary influence on the downwash from a wing has been extended to provide more complete corrections for application to airplane test data. The first section of the report gives the corrections of the lifting line for wing positions above or below the tunnel center line; the second section shows the manner in which the induced boundary influence changes with distance aft of the lifting line. Values of the boundary corrections are given for off-center positions of the wing in circular, square, 2:1 rectangular, and 2:1 elliptical tunnels" (p. 135).
Date: June 28, 1935
Creator: Silverstein, Abe & White, James A.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Windmill (open access)

Windmill

Patent for Windmill Improvements that includes a mounted rotor for horizontal rotation, including illustrations.
Date: June 28, 1913
Creator: Henning, Thomas W.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Window-Sash. (open access)

Window-Sash.

Patent for a a window sash, which allows for easy installation and removal of panes of glass.
Date: June 28, 1910
Creator: Edwards, Jessie V.
Object Type: Patent
System: The Portal to Texas History
Workforce Investment Act: Additional Actions Would Further Improve the Workforce System (open access)

Workforce Investment Act: Additional Actions Would Further Improve the Workforce System

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Since the Workforce Investment Act's (WIA) enactment in 1998, GAO has issued numerous reports that included recommendations regarding many aspects of WIA, including performance measures and accountability, funding formulas and spending, one-stop centers, and training, as well as services provided to specific populations, such as dislocated workers, youth, and employers. Collectively, these studies employed an array of data collection techniques, including surveys to state and local workforce officials and private sector employers; site visits; interviews with local, state, and Labor officials; and analysis of Labor data and documents. This testimony draws upon the results of these reports, issued between 2000 and 2007, as well as GAO's ongoing work on one-stop infrastructure, and discusses issues raised and recommendations made. Specifically, the testimony addresses (1) progress made by federal, state, and local officials in implementing key provisions of WIA; and (2) challenges that remain in implementing an integrated employment and training system."
Date: June 28, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
X-ray waveguides for high resolution x-ray analysis (open access)

X-ray waveguides for high resolution x-ray analysis

The project goals were to model, synthesize, and characterize thin-film, x-ray waveguide structures to determine whether such nanostructurcs can be fabricated with the precision required for true waveguide operation at x-ray energies. In FY98, we designed, fabricated, and characterized (at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory) optimized. thin-film, x-ray waveguide structures (XWGs) as resonant concentrators of x-rays which may be applied as diffraction-limited, linear x-ray sources. We fabricated nine waveguide structures that were optimized to operate in the cavity modes m = 1,2,3 and tested them at x-ray energies of 6 to 10 keV. The observed performances were compared to the calculations based on the design structures and excellent agreement was demonstrated. This project plan is presented in TABLE 1 that includes all aspects of the development of these unique thin film x-ray optical devices. X-ray waveguide designs were made using a standard x-ray multilayer x-ray optic Fresnel code. Materials were selected on the basis of calculated performance as well as sputter deposition characteristics. Laboratory x-ray reflectivity measurements were made prior to the SSRL experimental run to assess the quality of the samples. Cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy observations of selected sample were made to enable assessment of the relationship between the …
Date: June 28, 1999
Creator: Barbee, T W
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library