The Livermore electron beam ion trap (EBIT) is used to measure electron-ion interactions with high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy. Measurements are presented of the K{alpha} x-ray emission of heliumlike Fe{sup 24+} that demonstrate the effect of various processes on the spectrum of highly charged heliumlike ions. In particular, we have studied how dielectronic recombination into high-n Rydberg levels and resonance excitation processes contribute to the x-ray emission near threshold for direct electron-impact excitation. From these and other measurements we infer the cross sections for impact excitation of heliumlike titanium, chromium, manganese, and iron. Comparing the results with theoretical cross sections from distorted-wave calculations we find excellent agreement for all transitions but the heliumlike resonance transition from 1s2p {sup 1}P{sub 1} to ground, whose excitation cross section is measured to be 10%--20% smaller than calculated. 36 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Ongoing studies by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the robotic exploration of Mars contemplate a network of at least twenty small and relatively inexpensive landers distributed over both low and high latitudes of the Martian globe. They are intended to explore the structural, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics of the Martian soil, search for possible subsurface trapped ice, and collect long-term seismological and meteorological data over a period of ten years. They can also serve as precursors for later unmanned and manned Mars missions.; The collected data will be transmitted periodically, either directly to Earth or indirectly via an orbiting relay. The choice of transmission will determine the required power, which is currently expected to be between 2 and 12 watts(e) per lander. This could be supplied either by solar arrays or by Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). Solar-powered landers could only be used for low Martian latitudes, but RTG-powered landers can be used for both low and high latitudes. Moreover, RTGs are less affected by Martian sandstorms and can be modified to resist high-G-load impacts. High impact resistance is a critical goal. It is desired by the mission designers, to minimize the mass and complexity of the system …

In both Japan and in the United States, industrial associations play an important role in enhancing government understanding and interaction with industries and in easing cooperative efforts among firms. This report examines the role of industrial associations and related organizations in high-technology policymaking and in accelerating technological development.