The Regional Reliability Council projections of peak demand, generating capability, and electric energy requirements for the contiguous U.S. have declined for the fourth consecutive year. On the basis of these projections, it appears that the electric utility industry believes the U.S. will experience smaller annual increases in power use than have occurred in the past. The summer peak demand growth rates of the Councils range from 3.52 percent annually, as projected by the Northeast Power Coordinating Council, to the 6.21 percent projected by the Southwest Power Pool. Subregional growth covers a wider range, from the 2.77 percent of the New York Power Pool to the 6.51 percent of the Southern Company area. Total reserve margins at the time of summer peak demands are projected to decline from an estimated 30.16 percent in 1978 to about 23.81 percent in 1987. If projected loads are not exceeded, if projected capability levels are actually attained, if fuel requirements are satisfied, and if no contingencies worse than those normally met with are experienced, electric power supply should be adequate for the next decade. However, it is possible that the projected reserve margins will not be attained, and that adequate primary energy supply (fuel and …

Studies on desugared spent sulfite liquor, DSSL, subjected to ozonation indicate that this complex organic substrate in water solution reacts readily with ozone to produce lower molecular weight organic fragments which can be metabolized by a variety of microorganisms. Ozone uptake is complete up to approximately 15 g/l and results in an increase of 35% BOD and a reduction of 16% COD. The production of BOD is pH dependent with a maximum occurring at aroung pH 3. The production of methane via fermentation of DSSL is greatly enhanced by the ozonation reaction. Methane production on raw DSSL is only 45.3 standard cc/1 of DSSL. After ozonation of the DSSL during which 15 g/l of ozone are reacted, the resulting product yields 1239 standard cc/1. The hypothesis that methane is produced from acetic acid, held by several prior workers, could not be corroborated in this study. Liquor remaining in the fermenter after gas production has essentially ceased in much richer in acetic acid than ozonated DSSL. Continuous fermentation studies operated to optimize gas production produced a fermentate containing 3.96 g/l of acetic acid. The production of protein accomplished through the growth of Torula yeast on DSSL is also enhanced by the …

Effort was concentrated during the past quarter to define the extent of biological control necessary to achieve high production rates of methane. Although sustained production rates in excess of 100 cc/hr were consistently obtained in the previous quarter, the fermentation activity decreased with respect to productivity. All efforts during the past quarter proved ineffective in arresting the decline in productivity. Methane production now averaging 20 cc/hr is no better than productivity previously obtained on ozonated SSL with no supplemental methyl alcohol addition being added. Although it is still evident that supplemental methyl alcohol enhances methane production, the rate is now below the satisfactory or expected level. The fundamental conclusion one must draw from this quarter's results is that methane fermentation of simple oxygenated molecules is more efficient and produces a richer off-gas in terms of energy content than the same fermentation conducted on low molecular weight fragments obtained by the ozonation of SSL.

The MHD and high-temperature fuel cell literature was surveyed for data pertaining to materials properties in order to identify materials used in MHD power generation which also might be suitable for component use in high-temperature fuel cells. Classes of MHD-electrode materials evaluated include carbides, nitrides, silicides, borides, composites, and oxides. Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/-stabilized ZrO/sub 2/ used as a reference point to evaluate materials for use in the solid-oxide fuel cell. Physical and chemical properties such as electrical resistivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and thermodynamic stability toward oxidation were used to screen candidate materials. A number of the non-oxide ceramic MHD-electrode materials appear promising for use in the solid-electrolyte and molten-carbonate fuel cell as anodes or anode constituents. The MHD-insulator materials appear suitable candidates for electrolyte-support tiles in the molten-carbonate fuel cells. The merits and possible problem areas for these applications are discussed and additional needed areas of research are delineated.

Results are presented on the design and testing of a pressurized gas blown spark gap switch capable of high repetition rates in a burst mode of operation. The switch parameters which have been achieved are as follows: 220-kV, 42-kA, a five pulse burst at 1-kHz, 12-ns risetime, 2-ns jitter at a pulse width of 50-ns.

From abstract: Results of a reconnaissance geochemical survey of the Green Bay Quadrangle, Wisconsin are reported. Field and laboratory data are presented for 695 groundwater samples, 546 stream sediment samples, and 401 stream water samples. Statistical and areal distributions of uranium and other possibly uranium-related variables are displayed. A generalized geologic map of the survey area is provided, and pertinent geologic factors which may be of significance in evaluating the potential for uranium mineralization are briefly discussed.

Data collected as part of a hydrogeochemical and stream sediment reconnaissance for the Green Bay quadrangle including field data as well as laboratory data on well, spring, and stream waters, and stream sediments.

This report is a bibliography on Israel's presumed nuclear weapon capability from various reputable sources.

Table-top model experiments were performed to investigate pressure suppression pool dynamics effects due to a postulated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) for the Peachbottom Mark I boiling water reactor containment system. The results guided subsequent conduct of experiments in the /sup 1///sub 5/-scale facility and provided new insight into the vertical load function (VLF). Model experiments show an oscillatory VLF with the download typically double-spiked followed by a more gradual sinusoidal upload. The load function contains a high frequency oscillation superimposed on a low frequency one; evidence from measurements indicates that the oscillations are initiated by fluid dynamics phenomena.

The Lawrence Livermore Laboratory is currently constructing a new linear induction accelerator with a higher beam current than the Astron accelerator. The new accelerator, called the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) will be a 5-MeV, 10-kA accelerator with a pulse width of 50-ns. Like the Astron, the principle of magnetic induction is used to obtain a linear accelerator. The modular accelerating cavities form essentially a 1:1 transformer and the change in flux in the ferrite core induces an axial electric field for the acceleration of electrons. Since the total energy storage for the ETA is much greater than the requirement for Astron, the power system, the capacitor bank and the modulator charging system all had to be modified to provide an overall regulation of .1%. This strict regulation of the charging voltage is necessary for pulse-to-pulse repeatability.

In the course of using laser Doppler velocimetry to study combustion in a thermal boundary layer, the particle count rate was found to decrease abruptly to zero inside the boundary layer. Experimental and theoretical investigation of this phenomenon was carried out. The motion of the particles may be due to the combined effects of thermophoresis and radiative heating.

An off-resonance transformer for charging a 250-kV Blumlein system provides a viable alternative to other charging schemes by permitting the use of conventional thyratrons. Such a transformer must have reliability, a reasonable voltage step-up, and a non-reversing primary current. The analysis, design, and performance data for such a transformer are presented. The strong interrelationship between transformer design and Blumlein requirements necessitates that Blumlein description and design criterion be briefly presented prior to transformer design such that transformer load requirements be defined.

Reconstructing past climatic variations can lead to a better understanding of possible future precipitation and groundwater recharge patterns. Work so far has led to several new insights into past climate variability and will provide input into the hydrologic modeling effort in progress for the Waste Management Program. Short-term reconstructions (0 to 350 y) suggest that the basin and range of the southwestern United States have the driest, least variable precipitation record. The Pacific Northwest shows higher variability and several trends lasting for more then 25 y. The Southern High Plains have even more variability, but the upper Midwest and Southwest vary most and have the highest precipitation amounts. Pollen and lake level data from the literature suggest that the Southwest was wetter during at least part of the last glacial maximum than it is today.

On November 18, 1977, after four years of experimentation, innovation, and construction, the Shiva High Energy Laser facility produced 10.2 kJ of focusable laser energy delivered in a 0.95 ns pulse. The Shiva laser, with its computer control system and delta amplifiers, demonstrated its versatility on May 18, 1978, when the first 20-beam target shot with delta amplifiers focused 26 TW on a target and produced a yield of 7.5 x 10/sup 9/ neutrons.

This Standard Technical Specification (STS) has been structured for the broadest possible use on Westinghouse plants currently being reviewed for an Operating License. Accordingly, the document contains specifications applicable to plants (1) with either 3 or 4 loops and (2) with and without loop stop valves. In addition, four separate and discrete containment specification sections are provided for each of the following containment types: Atmospheric, Ice Condenser, Sub-Atmospheric, and Dual. Optional specifications are provided for those features and systems which may be included in individual plant designs but are not generic in their scope of application. Alternate specifications are provided in a limited number of cases to cover situations where alternate specification requirements are necessary on a generic basis because of design differences. The format of the STS addresses the categories required by 10 CFR 50 and consists of six sections covering the areas of: Definitions, Safety Limits and Limiting Safety System Settings, Limiting Conditions for Operation, Surveillance Requirements, Design Features, and Administrative Controls.

Document issued by the Office of the Attorney General of Texas in Austin, Texas, providing an interpretation of Texas law. It provides the opinion of the Texas Attorney General, John L. Hill, regarding a legal question submitted for clarification; Multiple elections between the Optional Retirement Program and the Teacher Retirement System.

The initial transient simulation of the McDonnell-Douglas (MDAC) receiver experiment integrated with the Solar Thermal Test Facility (STTF) configuration is described. The recently developed STTF computer simulation program was used for the simulation. The program was amended to include MDAC receiver experiment and the hardware modifications to the STTF facility as required to support the experiment. The thermal-hydraulic transients of the MDAC once-through steam generator for the 10 MW/sub t/ Solar Thermal Pilot Plant are essential in the study of the overall system performance of the receiver as well as for the design of its control system. The computer program was used to simulate the transient and steady-state characteristics and performance of the receiver test panel and to study key technical areas such as receiver panel/controller interaction and response. The program was also used to simulate part of the MDAC receiver test program at the STTF. The STTF computer simulation program was first modified to incorporate facilities changes for the MDAC test configuration. The original program contained individual modules to simulate the collector field, cooling subsystem, steam depressurization/desuperheat subsystem, feedwater and control subsystems. The feedwater module was modified to add the new regenerative heat exchanger which is required to increase …