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CRS Issue Briefs
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109th Congress
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108th Congress
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Legislative Budget Board Texas School Performance Review
4
Development of Continuous Solvent Extraction Processes for Coal Derived Carbon Products Quarterly Report
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Fiscal Year 2005
2
100th Congress
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101st Congress
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Afghanistan Security: Efforts to Establish Army and Police Have Made Progress, but Future Plans Need to Be Better Defined
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "After more than two decades of war, Afghanistan had no army or functioning police and, before September 11, 2001, was a haven for international terrorists. In April 2002, the United States and several other nations agreed to reform the five pillars of Afghanistan's security sector--creating an Afghan army, reconstituting the police force, establishing a working judiciary, combating illicit narcotics, and demobilizing the Afghan militias. As the leader for the army pillar, the United States has provided about $3.3 billion. For the German-led effort to reconstitute the Afghan police, the United States has provided over $800 million. We examined the progress made, and limitations faced, in developing the army and police forces. We also identified challenges that must be addressed to complete and sustain these forces."
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Ammonia-Free NOx Control System
Research is being conducted under United States Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DEFC26-03NT41865 to develop a new technology to achieve very low levels of NOx emissions from pulverized coal fired boiler systems by employing a novel system level integration between the PC combustion process and the catalytic NOx reduction with CO present in the combustion flue gas. The combustor design and operating conditions will be optimized to achieve atypical flue gas conditions. This approach will not only suppress NOx generation during combustion but also further reduce NOx over a downstream catalytic reactor that does not require addition of an external reductant, such as ammonia.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Wu, Song; Fan, Zhen & Seltzer, Andrew H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology: Business Plan's Implementation Is Unlikely to Achieve Expected Financial Benefits and Could Reduce Civilian Role
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "DOD has raised concerns about certain business practices of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), including its role in civilian medicine. In response, AFIP implemented changes and drafted a business plan. On May 13, 2005, DOD recommended closing AFIP as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process. The Senate Committee on Armed Services, in a report accompanying the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005, directed that GAO study AFIP's business plan. GAO (1) described the business plan's key initiatives and projected financial benefits, (2) evaluated the business plan's potential to improve internal controls and achieve financial benefits, and (3) assessed the likely impact of the business plan on the role of AFIP in military and civilian medicine. GAO reviewed the major assumptions and analyses for developing the plan and interviewed AFIP and DOD officials, and members of the civilian medical community."
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Army Depot Maintenance: Ineffective Oversight of Depot Maintenance Operations and System Implementation Efforts
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The Army depot maintenance activity group received about $2.6 billion of orders in fiscal year 2004 to repair helicopters, combat vehicles, and air defense systems. To perform this work, the group operates under the working capital fund concept, where customers are to be charged the anticipated costs of providing goods and services to them. GAO was asked to determine (1) if prices charged by the group have increased and, if so, why; (2) how the group allocates gains or losses incurred at the individual depot level; and (3) if the group exceeded its allowable carryover ceilings and the reasons for exceeding the ceilings. GAO was also asked to determine if the Army encountered problems implementing a new system, the Logistics Modernization Program (LMP), at the Tobyhanna Army Depot."
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Assessment of Pulse Reactor Fuel for Packaging and Accountability
This paper presents the system approach that was taken to determine the most suitable means to safely and compliantly package and ship the material by the requested schedule.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Long, Jon D
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility Operations Quarterly Report April 1 - June 30, 2005
Description. Individual raw data streams from instrumentation at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Climate Research Facility (ACRF) fixed and mobile sites are collected and sent to the Data Management Facility (DMF) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for processing in near real time. Raw and processed data are then sent daily to the ACRF Archive, where they are made available to users. For each instrument, we calculate the ratio of the actual number of data records received daily at the Archive to the expected number of data records. The results are tabulated by (1) individual data stream, site, and month for the current year and (2) site and fiscal year dating back to 1998. The United States Department of Energy requires national user facilities to report time-based operating data. The requirements concern the actual hours of operation (ACTUAL); the estimated maximum operation or uptime goal (OPSMAX), which accounts for planned downtime; and the VARIANCE [1 – (ACTUAL/OPSMAX)], which accounts for unplanned downtime. The OPSMAX time for the third quarter for the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site is 2,074.8 hours (0.95 × 2,184 hours this quarter). The annual OPSMAX for the North Slope Alaska (NSA) site is 1,965.6 hours (0.90 × …
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Sisterson, D. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Availability of Judicial Review Regarding Military Base Closures and Realignments
The 2005 round of military base realignments and closures (BRAC) is now underway. The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (Base Closure Act), as amended, establishes mandatory procedures to be followed throughout the BRAC process and identifies criteria to be used in formulating BRAC recommendations. However, judicial review is unlikely to be available to remedy alleged failures to comply with the Base Closure Act’s provisions. This report includes a synopsis of the relevant law regarding the availability of judicial review in this context.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Watson, Ryan J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Bioinformatics for Genome Analysis
Nesbo, Boucher and Doolittle (2001) used phylogenetic trees of four taxa to assess whether euryarchaeal genes share a common history. They have suggested that of the 521 genes examined, each of the three possible tree topologies relating the four taxa was supported essentially equal numbers of times. They suggest that this might be the result of numerous horizontal gene transfer events, essentially randomizing the relationships between gene histories (as inferred in the 521 gene trees) and organismal relationships (which would be a single underlying tree). Motivated by the fact that the order in which sequences are added to a multiple sequence alignment influences the alignment, and ultimately inferred tree, they were interested in the extent to which the variations among inferred trees might be due to variations in the alignment order. This bears directly on their efforts to evaluate and improve upon methods of multiple sequence alignment. They set out to analyze the influence of alignment order on the tree inferred for 43 genes shared among these same 4 taxa. Because alignments produced by CLUSTALW are directed by a rooted guide tree (the denderogram), there are 15 possible alignment orders of 4 taxa. For each gene they tested all 15 …
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Olsen, Gary J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Clean Diesel Component Improvement Program
The research conducted in this program significantly increased the knowledge and understanding in the fields of plasma physics and chemistry in diesel exhaust, the performance and characteristics of multifunctional catalysts in diesel exhaust, and the complexities of controlling a combination of such systems to remove NOx. Initially this program was designed to use an in-line plasma system (know as a plasma assisted catalyst system or PAC) to convert NO {yields} NO{sub 2}, a more catalytically active form of nitrogen oxides, and to crack hydrocarbons (diesel fuel in particular) into active species. The NO{sub 2} and the cracked hydrocarbons were then flowed over an in-line ceramic NOx catalyst that removed NO{sub 2} from the diesel exhaust. Even though the PAC system performed well technically and was able to remove over 95% of NOx from diesel exhaust the plasma component proved not to be practical or commercially feasible. The lack of practical and commercial viability was due to high unit costs and lack of robustness. The plasma system and its function was replaced in the NOx removal process by a cracking reforming catalyst that converted diesel fuel to a highly active reductant for NOx over a downstream ceramic NOx catalyst. This system …
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
unknown
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Coal Combustion Products Extension Program
This report describes Coal Combustion Products Extension Program
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Butalia, Tarunjit S. & Wolfe, W. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Cooperative Threat Reduction: DOD Has Improved Its Management and Internal Controls, but Challenges Remain
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "Section 3611 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 mandates that GAO assess the Department of Defense's (DOD) internal controls for the Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program and their effect on the program's execution. In addressing the mandate, we assessed DOD's management and internal controls over implementing CTR projects since 2003 by using the control standards for the federal government as criteria. In response to the mandate, we focused on those management and internal control areas considered most relevant to CTR project implementation: (1) building a management structure, (2) risk assessments, (3) performance measures, (4) program reviews, (5) communications, and (6) project monitoring. The Congress also mandated that GAO describe the status of DOD's implementation of legislative mandates covering the CTR program."
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Courthouse Construction: Information on Project Cost and Size Changes Would Help to Enhance Oversight
A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The General Services Administration (GSA) and the federal judiciary are in the midst of a multibillion-dollar courthouse construction initiative aimed at addressing the housing needs of federal district courts and related agencies. From fiscal year 1993 through fiscal year 2005, Congress appropriated approximately $4.5 billion for 78 courthouse construction projects. GAO (1) compared estimated and actual costs for recently completed courthouse projects and determined what information GSA provided to Congress on changes to proposed courthouse projects, (2) identified factors that contributed to differences between the estimated and actual costs of seven projects selected for detailed review, and (3) identified strategies that were used to help control the costs of the seven selected projects."
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
United States. Government Accountability Office.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Outsourcing: The OMB Circular A-76 Policy
This report provides information on the Office of Management and Budget’s (OMB) Circular A-76, “Performance of Commercial Activities,” and the impact of a related reform initiative, the Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act (FAIR) of 1998, within the Department of Defense. The Circular defines federal policy for determining whether recurring commercial activities should be outsourced to commercial sources, Governmental facilities, or through inter-service support agreements. The FAIR Act creates statutory reporting requirements for federal executive agencies, by requiring Federal executive agencies to identify activities “not inherently governmental” and consider outsourcing through managed competitions. However, FAIR does not require that agencies contract out these activities.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Grasso, Valerie Bailey
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Dense Medium Cyclone Optimizaton: Final Technical Report
Dense medium cyclones (DMCs) are known to be efficient, high-tonnage devices suitable for upgrading particles in the 50 to 0.5 mm size range. This versatile separator, which uses centrifugal forces to enhance the separation of fine particles that cannot be upgraded in static dense medium separators, can be found in most modern coal plants and in a variety of mineral plants treating iron ore, dolomite, diamonds, potash and lead-zinc ores. Due to the high tonnage, a small increase in DMC efficiency can have a large impact on plant profitability. Unfortunately, the knowledge base required to properly design and operate DMCs has been seriously eroded during the past several decades. In an attempt to correct this problem, a set of engineering tools have been developed to allow producers to improve the efficiency of their DMC circuits. These tools include (1) low-cost density tracers that can be used by plant operators to rapidly assess DMC performance, (2) mathematical process models that can be used to predict the influence of changes in operating and design variables on DMC performance, and (3) an expert advisor system that provides plant operators with a user-friendly interface for evaluating, optimizing and trouble-shooting DMC circuits. The field data …
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Luttrell, Gerald H.; Barbee, Chris J.; Bethell, Peter J. & Wood, Chris J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 108th Congress
American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States under a complex arrangement of constitutional provisions, federal and state laws, and political party practices known as the electoral college system. Despite occasional close elections, this system has delivered uncontested results in 46 of 50 elections since adoption of the 12th Amendment, effective in 1804. Throughout this period, nevertheless, it has been the subject of persistent criticism and many reform proposals. Related measures fall into two basic categories: those that would eliminate the electoral college and substitute direct popular election of the President and Vice President, and those that would retain the existing system in some form and correct perceived defects.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 108th Congress
American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States under a complex arrangement of constitutional provisions, federal and state laws, and political party practices known as the electoral college system. Despite occasional close elections, this system has delivered uncontested results in 46 of 50 elections since adoption of the 12th Amendment, effective in 1804. Throughout this period, nevertheless, it has been the subject of persistent criticism and many reform proposals. Related measures fall into two basic categories: those that would eliminate the electoral college and substitute direct popular election of the President and Vice President, and those that would retain the existing system in some form and correct perceived defects.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Electoral College: Reform Proposals in the 108th Congress
American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States under a complex arrangement of constitutional provisions, federal and state laws, and political party practices known as the electoral college system. Despite occasional close elections, this system has delivered uncontested results in 46 of 50 elections since adoption of the 12th Amendment, effective in 1804. Throughout this period, nevertheless, it has been the subject of persistent criticism and many reform proposals. Related measures fall into two basic categories: those that would eliminate the electoral college and substitute direct popular election of the President and Vice President, and those that would retain the existing system in some form and correct perceived defects.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Neale, Thomas H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Establishment of an Industry-Driven Consortium Focused on Improving the Production Performance of Domestic Stripper Wells
None
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Morrison, Joel L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Exploiting Genetic Variation of Fiber Components and Morphology in Juvenile Loblolly Pine.
In order to ensure the global competitiveness of the Pulp and Paper Industry in the Southeastern U.S., more wood with targeted characteristics have to be produced more efficiently on less land. The objective of the research project is to provide a molecular genetic basis for tree breeding of desirable traits in juvenile loblolly pine, using a multidisciplinary research approach. We developed micro analytical methods for determine the cellulose and lignin content, average fiber length, and coarseness of a single ring in a 12 mm increment core. These methods allow rapid determination of these traits in micro scale. Genetic variation and genotype by environment interaction (GxE) were studied in several juvenile wood traits of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Over 1000 wood samples of 12 mm increment cores were collected from 14 full-sib families generated by a 6-parent half-diallel mating design (11-year-old) in four progeny tests. Juvenile (ring 3) and transition (ring 8) for each increment core were analyzed for cellulose and lignin content, average fiber length, and coarseness. Transition wood had higher cellulose content, longer fiber and higher coarseness, but lower lignin than juvenile wood. General combining ability variance for the traits in juvenile wood explained 3 to 10% of …
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Hou-min Chang, John F. Kadla, Bailian Li, Ron Sederoff,
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A Feasibility Study of Sustainable Distributed Generation Technologies to Improve the electrical System on the Duck Valley Reservation
A range of sustainable energy options were assessed for feasibility in addressing chronic electric grid reliability problems at Duck Valley IR. Wind power and building energy efficiency were determined to have the most merit, with the Duck Valley Tribes now well positioned to pursue large scale wind power development for on- and off-reservation sales.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Herman Atkins, Shoshone-Paiute & Mark Hannifan, New West Technologies
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Federal Excise Tax on Telephone Service: A History
None
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Talley, Louis Alan
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Federal Flood Insurance: The Repetitive Loss Problem
This report traces the evolution of the NFIP and provides background information on the program and also discusses the problem of repetitively flooded properties and the mitigation program administered by FEMA.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
King, Rawle O.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE MISCIBLE FLOODING IN THE LANSING-KANSAS CITY FORMATION, CENTRAL KANSAS
None
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Byrnes, Alan; Willhite, G. Paul; Green, Don; Dubois, Martin; Pancake, Richard; Carr, Timothy et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final Report to Jupiter Oxygen Corporation on CRADA Phase 1 Activities, January 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005
In January of 2004, a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement was signed with the Jupiter Oxygen Corporation; its term extends from January 2004 to January 1, 2009. The statement of work is attached as Appendix A. Under Phase I of this agreement, ARC was to provide technical expertise to develop computer models of existing power plants relative to retrofitting with oxy-fuel combustion; help design experiments to verify models and analyze data from experiments; help produce designs at larger scales; help design a new technology oxy-fuel power plant; and co-author technical papers on this work for presentation at appropriate conferences.
Date:
June 30, 2005
Creator:
Summers, Cathy A.; Oryshchyn, Danylo B.; Ochs, Thomas L. & Turner, Paul C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library