This program consists of a design study and component development for an experimental 50-kWp photovoltaic concentrator system to supply power to the San Ramon substation of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company. The photovoltaic system is optimized to produce peaking power to relieve the air conditioning load on the PG and E system during summer afternoons; and would therefore displace oil-fired power generation capacity. No electrical storage is required. The experiment would use GaAs concentrator cells with point-focus fresnel lenses operating at 400X, in independent tracking arrays of 440 cells each, generating 3.8 kWp. Fourteen arrays, each 9 feet by 33 feet, are connected electrically in series to generate the 50 kWp. The high conversion efficiency possible with GaAs concentrator cells results in a projected annual average system efficiency (AC electric power output to sunlight input) of better than 15%. The capability of GaAs cells for high temperature operation made possible the design of a total energy option, whereby thermal power from selected arrays could be used to heat and cool the control center for the installation. System design and analysis, fabrication and installation, environmental assessment, and cost projections are described in detail. (WHK)

The Department of Energy contracted with Gibbs and Cox, M. Rosenblatt and Son and Lockheed Missile and Space Corporation to prepare conceptual designs, cost estimates and analyses for a 400 MWe OTEC Commercial Size platform. Each contractor was directed to investigate two predetermined hull configurations and to relate them to one operating site, selected by DOE. A total of 6 designs, covering sphere, spar, ship and semisubmersibles were studied by the three contractors. The results of their investigations were presented by DOE in Washington on May 8, 1978. The presentations showed that whereas a considerable data base has been built, no clear conclusions had emerged with respect to the direction that future design of the commercial platform should take. JJMA has been directed by Value Engineering on behalf of DOE to review the conceptual designs and the accompanying data base prepared by the three contractors. The intent of this review is to propose to DOE the answers to the following questions, based on the results of studies by the three contractors: (1) If DOE were to build a 400 MW OTEC plant, starting now, what should they build. (2) What are the reasons for the decisions. (3) What would it …

Advanced fuel cell research activities at Argonne National laboratory during the period of October--December 1978 are described. These efforts have been directed toward understanding and improving the components of molten--carbonate--electrolyte fuel cells operated at temperatures near 925/sup 0/K. The primary focus of this work has been the development of electrolyte structures that have good electrolyte retention and mechanical properties as well as long-term stability, and on developing methods of synthesis amendable to mass production. The characterization of these structures and their stability is an integral part of this effort. Current electrolyte structures are comprised of LiAlO/sub 2/ particles and an eutectic of Li/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ and K/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. The development of procedures for synthesizing LiAlO/sub 2/ from low cost materials is being pursued. The thermal stability of cold-pressed pellets of LiAlO/sub 2/ and carbonate eutectic has been tested at 925/sup 0/K for 22 to 2400 h in air, CO/sub 2/, and H/sub 2/--CO/sub 2/--H/sub 2/O. In general, under these test conditions the allotropic form of the LiAlO/sub 2/ particles remained stable, but their surface area decreased with time of heat treatment. Thermomechanical tests indicated that the strength of LiAlO/sub 2/ pellets increases with increased particle surface area. Several small …

Quarterly report discussing fuel cell research and development work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). This report describes efforts directed toward understanding and improving the components of molten-carbonate-electrolyte fuel cells operated at temperatures near 925 K.

Second volume of a report documenting a high-sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic survey of the Gallup quadrangle including results of data interpretation, significance factor profile maps, stacked profiles, and histograms.

Second volume of a report documenting a high-sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic survey of the Gillette quadrangle including results of data interpretation, significance factor profile maps, stacked profiles, and histograms.

Second volume of a report documenting a high-sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic survey of the Shiprock quadrangle including results of data interpretation, significance factor profile maps, stacked profiles, and histograms.

From introduction: This final report .is organized in two logical sections: (a) Volume I, containing the survey description, specifications, data processing methods, interpretation methods, regional geologic review and regional survey results and (b) one volume, Volume II, for each of the three quadrangles covered by the Raton Basin Project Area. Each Volume II contains a detailed geologic summary, interpretation report, standard deviation maps, pseudo-contour maps, interpretation map, flight line and geologic base map, individual corrected profiles, computer map unit histograms and statistical tables.

From introduction: This volume contains information and survey results pertaining specifically to the Shelby NTMS 1:250,000 scale Quadrangle, Montana, one of a group of 12 such quadrangles in Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington included in an aerial radiometric and magnetic reconnaissance survey. General information concerning the instrumentation and methods used in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation is presented in Volume 1 of this final report.

From introduction: This volume contains information and survey results pertaining specifically to the Havre NTMS 1:250,000 scale Quadrangle, Montana, one of a group of 12 such quadrangles in Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington included in an aerial radiometric and magnetic reconnaissance survey. General information concerning the instrumentation and methods used in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation is presented in Volume 1 of this final report.

From introduction: This volume contains information and survey results pertaining specifically to the Lewistown NTMS 1:250,000 scale Quadrangle, Montana, one of a group of 12 such quadrangles in Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington included in an aerial radiometric and magnetic reconnaissance survey. General information concerning the instrumentation and methods used in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation is presented in Volume 1 of this final report.

From introduction: This volume contains information and survey results pertaining specifically to the Twin Falls NTMS 1:250,000 scale Quadrangle, Idaho, one of a group of 12 such quadrangles in Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Washington included in an aerial radiometric and magnetic reconnaissance survey. General information concerning the instrumentation and methods used in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation is presented in Volume 1 of this final report.

Second volume of a report documenting a high-sensitivity airborne radiometric and magnetic survey of the Great Falls quadrangle including results of data interpretation, significance factor profile maps, stacked profiles, and histograms.

This is the first volume of a two-part report on the analyses of the airborne gamma radiation and total magnetic field survey flown for the region identified as the Tooele National Topographic Map NK-12-10. This volume gives the description of the program and results.

Two large-scale aerosol behavior tests, using sodium pool fires as the aerosol source, were performed in the Containment Systems Test Facility (CSTF). The tests were conducted to characterize the properties and behavior of sodium aerosol particles formed and aged in a large containment vessel. The 20-m high, 850-m/sup 3/ CSTF containment building in regard to parameters that affect agglomeration and gravitational settling. In both tests, sodium burned for one hour in a 4.38-m/sup 2/ pool, and the only difference between them was that steam was injected during the second test, simulating the release of water vapor from heated concrete.

The following report is a collection of maps documenting results from the airborne gamma-ray spectrometer and magnetometer survey in the Durango Quadrangle.

The AIRWAY computer program was developed to estimate the radiation dose commitments accured by all the people affected by the atmospheric release of radionuclides from a nuclear facility. This computer program provides dose commitment estimates for people on the boundary of the facility, in the immediate vicinity (i.e., within 80 to 100 km) and in the portios of the world beyond the immediate vicinity which are affected by the release. The AIRWAY program considers dose commitments resulting from immersion in the atmosphere containing the released radionuclides, ingestion of contaminated food, inhalation of gaseous and suspended radioactivity, and exposure to ground deposits. The dose commitments for each of these pathways is explicitly calculated for each radionuclide released into the atmosphere and for each daughter of each released radionuclide. This is accomplished by calculating the air and ground concentrations of each daughter in each of the regions of interest using the release rate of the parent radionuclide. The AIRWAY computer program is considered to be a significant improvement over other programs in which the effect of daughter radionuclides must be approximated by separate releases.

The effects of alloying elements and heat treatments on the microstructural changes and strength-toughness properties were investigated in optimization of vacuum melted Fe/Cr/C base steels. The structure of the steels in the as-quenched conditions consisted of highly dislocated autotempered lath martensite (strong phase) and thin continuous interlath films of retained austenite (tough phase). It has been emphasized again that the mechanical properties of the steels are sensitive to the amount and the stability of retained austenite. To increase the stability of retained austenite in the as-quenched condition 2 w/o Mn or 2 w/o Ni was added to the base steel, viz., Fe/3Cr/0.3C. Partial replacement of Cr by about 0.5 w/o Mo did not alter the beneficial microstructure.

A program to develop nonmetallic materials for use in geothermal processes is described. To date, several high temperature polymer and polymer concrete systems were formulated, laboratory and field tests were performed in brine, flashing brine, and steam at temperatures up to 260/sup 0/C (500/sup 0/F), and economic studies were started. Laboratory data for exposure times > 2 years are available. Results are also available from field exposures of up to 24 months in five geothermal environments. Good durability is indicated. Testing at two of these sites is continuing and plan to initiate tests at other sites are being implemented. Construction of full-scale pipe sections by a commercial firm has started. Work has also been started to develop materials for use in high temperature seals for well drilling, logging and energy extraction processes.

This report is a comprehensive annotated bibliography of substantive books, monographs, articles, and documents treating the origins, evolution, and current operational characteristics of the U.S. electoral college system, as well as proposals for its reform or abolition. An explanatory introduction is provided for readers unfamiliar with the issue.

Significant economic and technical data on the current front junction formation processes of Spectrolab's gaseous diffusion, and of involving the Varian-Extrion 200 to 1000 implanter were tabulated, and were used to judge the feasibility of diffusion proposals by Motorola and RCA and ion implantation proposals by Lockheed, Motorola, RCA, and Spire to meet future LSA-JPL guidelines. Cost calculations, consistent with the SAMICS methodology, were performed for the junction formation processes studied.

The goal of this project is to investigate the potential of the meter configuration consisting of a sharp-edged contraction section followed by an extended length of constant area duct and finally a diffuser section for pressure recovery. This and two other configurations were tested. These configurations and the reasons underlying their selection are described and discussed. It is concluded that Murdock's correlation for steam/water flow through orifices and sudden contraction sections at low qualities is invalid and the metering scheme based on it is inoperative. (MHR)

In 1976, DOE (FEA) sponsored the development of a systematic methodology for the identification and analysis of candidate projects which a utility might undertake to improve baseload unit reliability. This methodology also enabled the user to estimate a project's effect on the future performance of the unit. A project was sponsored in Illinois to demonstrate the methodology and to encourage increased power plant productivity in the state. A total of 8 improvement projects were conducted and analyzed at Illinois Power Company Wood River 5 and Commonwealth Edison Company Quad Cities 1 and 2 units. A general description of the approach followed in estimating costs and benefits and in presenting the results for the 8 projects is provided. A brief technical description of the projects and their total cost, total benefits, net present value, and benefit-to-cost ratio is given. Detailed cost and benefit summaries for each project are presented followed by a discussion of the results.

The environmental technology for control of air pollution, water pollution, and for the disposal, stabilization, and vegetation of the waste tar sand were thoroughly investigated. Although some difficulties may be encountered in any of these undertakings, it seems clear that the air and water pollution problems can be solved to meet any applicable standard. Currently there are two large-scale plants producing liquid fuels from tar sands in Alberta, Canada which use similar technology involving surface mining, hot water extraction, and surface disposal of waste sand. These projects all meet the Canadian environmental control regulations in force at the time they began. The largest US deposits of tar sands are much smaller than the Canadian; 95 percent are located in the state of Utah. Their economics do not appear as attractive as the Canadian deposits. The environmental control costs are not large enough to make an otherwise economic project uneconomic. The most serious environmental conflict likely to occur over the recovery of liquid fuels from the US deposits of tar sands is that caused by the proximity of the deposits to national parks, national monuments, and a national recreation area in Utah. These areas have very stringent air pollution requirements; and …